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Researchers can benefit from this approach by being able to recruit study populations normally out of their reach, and to conduct research at times when it is difficult to get people into the lab (cf. the COVID pandemic). In an initial online survey (\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            = 227), we assessed HMD owners\u2019 demographics, their VR setups and their attitudes toward remote participation. We then identified different approaches to running remote studies and conducted two case studies for an in-depth understanding. We synthesize our findings into a framework for remote VR studies, discuss strengths and weaknesses of the different approaches, and derive best practices. Our work is valuable for Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) researchers conducting VR studies outside labs.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3472617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T17:27:28Z","timestamp":1636997248000},"page":"1-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Remote VR Studies: A Framework for Running Virtual Reality Studies Remotely Via Participant-Owned HMDs"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Rivu","family":"Radiah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundeswehr University Munich, Zwergerstra\u00dfe, Neubiberg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Ville","family":"M\u00e4kel\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Waterloo, Canada and LMU Munich, Waterloo, Canada"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Prange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundeswehr University Munich, Zwergerstra\u00dfe, Neubiberg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Sarah Delgado","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundeswehr University Munich, Zwergerstra\u00dfe, Neubiberg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Piening","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LMU Munich, Munich, Germany"}]},{"given":"Yumeng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LMU Munich, Munich, Germany"}]},{"given":"Kay","family":"K\u00f6hle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LMU Munich, Munich, Germany"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Pfeuffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundeswehr University Munich, Zwergerstra\u00dfe, Neubiberg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Yomna","family":"Abdelrahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundeswehr University Munich, Zwergerstra\u00dfe, Neubiberg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Hoppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LMU Munich, Munich, Germany"}]},{"given":"Albrecht","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LMU Munich, Munich, Germany"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Alt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundeswehr University Munich, Zwergerstra\u00dfe, Neubiberg, Germany"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2009.0164"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21552\/EDPL\/2016\/3\/4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376260"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2307798.2307815"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2785830.2785882"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1240624.1240838"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"101","article-title":"Virtual reality: The real life consequences","volume":"17","author":"Bagheri Roya","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roya Bagheri. 2016. 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