{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T04:22:34Z","timestamp":1750220554388,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. Emerg. Technol. Comput. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Classical simulation of Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum computers is a crucial task for testing the expected performance of real hardware. The standard approach, based on solving Schr\u00f6dinger and Lindblad equations, is demanding when scaling the number of qubits in terms of both execution time and memory. In this article, attempts in defining compact models for the simulation of quantum hardware are proposed, ensuring results close to those obtained with standard formalism. Molecular Nuclear Magnetic Resonance quantum hardware is the target technology, where three non-ideality phenomena\u2014common to other quantum technologies\u2014are taken into account: decoherence, off-resonance qubit evolution, and undesired qubit-qubit residual interaction. A model for each non-ideality phenomenon is embedded into a\n            <jats:monospace>MATLAB<\/jats:monospace>\n            simulation infrastructure of noisy quantum computers. The accuracy of the models is tested on a benchmark of quantum circuits, in the expected operating ranges of quantum hardware. The corresponding outcomes are compared with those obtained via numeric integration of the Schr\u00f6dinger equation and the Qiskit\u2019s QASMSimulator. The achieved results give evidence that this work is a step forward towards the definition of compact models able to provide fast results close to those obtained with the traditional physical simulation strategies, thus paving the way for their integration into a classical simulator of quantum computers.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3474223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T19:16:42Z","timestamp":1632943002000},"page":"1-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Towards Compact Modeling of Noisy Quantum Computers: A Molecular-Spin-Qubit Case of Study"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Mario","family":"Cignoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Politecnico di Torino, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni Amedeo","family":"Cirillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Politecnico di Torino, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Turvani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Politecnico di Torino, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariagrazia","family":"Graziano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Zamboni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Politecnico di Torino, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.2562110"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Physical Chemistry","author":"Atkins Peter","unstructured":"Peter Atkins and Julio de Paula. 2010. 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