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We introduce a formal model of end-user elicitation in HCI and identify three types of agreement analysis:<jats:italic>expert<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>codebook<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>computer<\/jats:italic>. We show that agreement is a mathematical<jats:italic>tolerance relation<\/jats:italic>generating a tolerance space over the set of elicited proposals. We review current measures of agreement and show that all can be computed from an<jats:italic>agreement graph<\/jats:italic>. In response to recent criticisms, we show that chance agreement represents an issue solely for inter-rater reliability studies and not for end-user elicitation, where it is opposed by<jats:italic>chance disagreement<\/jats:italic>. We conduct extensive simulations of 16 statistical tests for agreement rates, and report Type I errors and power. Based on our findings, we provide recommendations for practitioners and introduce a five-level hierarchy for elicitation studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3476101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T14:50:16Z","timestamp":1641567016000},"page":"1-70","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Clarifying Agreement Calculations and Analysis for End-User Elicitation Studies"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7631-6445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radu-Daniel","family":"Vatavu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MintViz Lab, MANSiD Center, \u015etefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3675-5491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob O.","family":"Wobbrock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Information School | DUB Group, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"ACM. 2020. 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