{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T04:17:35Z","timestamp":1750220255929,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"5s","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Parallel tasks have been paid growing attention in recent years, and the scheduling with shared resources is of significant importance to real-time systems. As an efficient mechanism to provide mutual exclusion for parallel processing, spin-locks are ubiquitous in multi-processor real-time systems. However, the spin-locks suffer the scalability problem, and the intra-task parallelism further exacerbates the analytical pessimism. To overcome such deficiencies, we propose a Hierarchical Hybrid Locking Protocol (H2LP) under federated scheduling. The proposed H2LP integrates the classical Multiprocessor Stack Resource Policy (MSRP) and uses a token mechanism to reduce global contentions. We provide a complete analysis framework supporting both heavy and light tasks under federated scheduling and develop a blocking analysis with the state-of-the-art linear optimization technique. Empirical evaluations showed that the H2LP outperformed the other state-of-the-art locking protocols in at least\n            <jats:inline-formula>\n              <jats:alternatives>\n                <jats:tex-math>\n                  \n                <\/jats:tex-math>\n              <\/jats:alternatives>\n            <\/jats:inline-formula>\n            configurations when considering exclusive clustering. Furthermore, our partitioned approach for light tasks can substantially improve schedulability by mitigating the over-provisioning problem.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3477017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T20:48:40Z","timestamp":1632343720000},"page":"1-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Hierarchical Hybrid Locking Protocol for Parallel Real-Time Tasks"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Zewei","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"}]},{"given":"Maolin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Control Engineering, Beijing, China"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Multi-Core Processors - Global Market Trajectory & Analytics. Report. Global Industry Analysts","key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"2021. Multi-Core Processors - Global Market Trajectory & Analytics. Report. Global Industry Analysts , Inc., USA. 2021. Multi-Core Processors - Global Market Trajectory & Analytics. Report. Global Industry Analysts, Inc., USA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00365393"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RTSS.2012.59"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RTSS.2007.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECRTS.2016.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RTSS.2016.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RTCSA.2007.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPDPS.2017.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECRTS.2013.32"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECRTS.2013.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RTAS.2013.6531087"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-4585-87-3_10-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RTSS.2010.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RTAS.2008.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECRTS.2013.37"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RTSS.2018.00056"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1808143.1808219"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2017.2777454"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"proceedings 1st International Workshop on Analysis Tools and Methodologies for Embedded and Real-time Systems (WATERS","author":"Emberson Paul","year":"2010","unstructured":"Paul Emberson , Roger Stafford , and Robert I. Davis . 2010. Techniques for the synthesis of multiprocessor tasksets . In proceedings 1st International Workshop on Analysis Tools and Methodologies for Embedded and Real-time Systems (WATERS 2010 ). 6\u201311. Paul Emberson, Roger Stafford, and Robert I. Davis. 2010. Techniques for the synthesis of multiprocessor tasksets. In proceedings 1st International Workshop on Analysis Tools and Methodologies for Embedded and Real-time Systems (WATERS 2010). 6\u201311."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3139258.3139288"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/882482.883800"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"On the analysis of parallel real-time tasks with spin locks. arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.08233","author":"Jiang Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu Jiang , Nan Guan , He Du , Weichen Liu , and Wang Yi. 2020. On the analysis of parallel real-time tasks with spin locks. arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.08233 ( 2020 ). Xu Jiang, Nan Guan, He Du, Weichen Liu, and Wang Yi. 2020. On the analysis of parallel real-time tasks with spin locks. arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.08233 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3316781.3317907"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RTSS46320.2019.00033"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"What really happened on mars rover pathfinder","volume":"19","author":"Jones Mike","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mike Jones . 1997 . What really happened on mars rover pathfinder . The Risks Digest 19 , 49 (1997), 1 \u2013 2 . Mike Jones. 1997. What really happened on mars rover pathfinder. The Risks Digest 19, 49 (1997), 1\u20132.","journal-title":"The Risks Digest"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECRTS.2014.23"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2016.2584064"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS.1990.89257"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/REAL.1988.51121"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/12.57058"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RTCSA.2017.8046322"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SIES.2013.6601470"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RTSS.2013.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maolin Yang Zewei Chen Xu Jiang Nan Guan and Hang Lei. 2020. DPCP-p: A Distributed Locking Protocol for Parallel Real-Time Tasks. (2020). arXiv:arXiv:2007.00706.  Maolin Yang Zewei Chen Xu Jiang Nan Guan and Hang Lei. 2020. DPCP-p: A Distributed Locking Protocol for Parallel Real-Time Tasks. (2020). arXiv:arXiv:2007.00706.","DOI":"10.1109\/DAC18072.2020.9218584"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2018.2889985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RTSS.2015.8"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3477017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3477017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T19:30:46Z","timestamp":1750188646000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3477017"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5s","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3477017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3477017","relation":{},"ISSN":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1539-9087"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1558-3465"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-05-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-07-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}