{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T05:15:25Z","timestamp":1782364525429,"version":"3.54.5"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":52,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural ScienceFoundation of China","award":["62072447"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62072447"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3477495.3531997","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T15:12:13Z","timestamp":1657206733000},"page":"1490-1501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Incorporating Explicit Knowledge in Pre-trained Language Models for Passage Re-ranking"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiding","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baidu Inc., Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suqi","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baidu Inc., Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuaiqiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baidu Inc., Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhicong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baidu Inc., Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuzi","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawei","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baidu Inc., Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Translating embeddings for modeling multi-relational data. Advances in neural information processing systems 26","author":"Bordes Antoine","year":"2013","unstructured":"Antoine Bordes , Nicolas Usunier , Alberto Garcia-Duran , Jason Weston , and Ok- sana Yakhnenko. 2013. Translating embeddings for modeling multi-relational data. Advances in neural information processing systems 26 ( 2013 ). Antoine Bordes, Nicolas Usunier, Alberto Garcia-Duran, Jason Weston, and Ok- sana Yakhnenko. 2013. Translating embeddings for modeling multi-relational data. Advances in neural information processing systems 26 (2013)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3477495.3531986"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Overview of the trec 2019 deep learning track. arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.07820","author":"Craswell Nick","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nick Craswell , Bhaskar Mitra , Emine Yilmaz , Daniel Campos , and Ellen M Voorhees . 2020. Overview of the trec 2019 deep learning track. arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.07820 ( 2020 ). Nick Craswell, Bhaskar Mitra, Emine Yilmaz, Daniel Campos, and Ellen M Voorhees. 2020. Overview of the trec 2019 deep learning track. arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.07820 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.04805","author":"Devlin Jacob","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jacob Devlin , Ming-Wei Chang , Kenton Lee , and Kristina Toutanova . 2018 . Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.04805 (2018). Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, and Kristina Toutanova. 2018. Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.04805 (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Latent Graph Recurrent Network for Document Ranking. In International Conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications. Springer, 88--103","author":"Dong Qian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qian Dong and Shuzi Niu . 2021 . Latent Graph Recurrent Network for Document Ranking. In International Conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications. Springer, 88--103 . Qian Dong and Shuzi Niu. 2021. Latent Graph Recurrent Network for Document Ranking. In International Conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications. Springer, 88--103."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41019-022-00179-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Augmenting transformers with knn-based composite memory for dialogue. arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.12744","author":"Fan Angela","year":"2020","unstructured":"Angela Fan , Claire Gardent , Chloe Braud , and Antoine Bordes . 2020. Augmenting transformers with knn-based composite memory for dialogue. arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.12744 ( 2020 ). Angela Fan, Claire Gardent, Chloe Braud, and Antoine Bordes. 2020. Augmenting transformers with knn-based composite memory for dialogue. arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.12744 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Pre-training Methods in Information Retrieval. arXiv preprint arXiv:2111.13853","author":"Fan Yixing","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yixing Fan , Xiaohui Xie , Yinqiong Cai , Jia Chen , Xinyu Ma , Xiangsheng Li , Ruqing Zhang , Jiafeng Guo , and Yiqun Liu . 2021. Pre-training Methods in Information Retrieval. arXiv preprint arXiv:2111.13853 ( 2021 ). Yixing Fan, Xiaohui Xie, Yinqiong Cai, Jia Chen, Xinyu Ma, Xiangsheng Li, Ruqing Zhang, Jiafeng Guo, and Yiqun Liu. 2021. Pre-training Methods in Information Retrieval. arXiv preprint arXiv:2111.13853 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Condenser: a Pre-training Architecture for Dense Retrieval. arXiv preprint arXiv:2104.08253","author":"Gao Luyu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luyu Gao and Jamie Callan . 2021. Condenser: a Pre-training Architecture for Dense Retrieval. arXiv preprint arXiv:2104.08253 ( 2021 ). Luyu Gao and Jamie Callan. 2021. Condenser: a Pre-training Architecture for Dense Retrieval. arXiv preprint arXiv:2104.08253 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Understanding BERT rankers under distillation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2007.11088","author":"Gao Luyu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Luyu Gao , Zhuyun Dai , and Jamie Callan . 2020. Understanding BERT rankers under distillation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2007.11088 ( 2020 ). Luyu Gao, Zhuyun Dai, and Jamie Callan. 2020. Understanding BERT rankers under distillation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2007.11088 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"COIL: Revisit exact lexical match in information retrieval with contextualized inverted list. arXiv preprint arXiv:2104.07186","author":"Gao Luyu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luyu Gao , Zhuyun Dai , and Jamie Callan . 2021 . COIL: Revisit exact lexical match in information retrieval with contextualized inverted list. arXiv preprint arXiv:2104.07186 (2021). Luyu Gao, Zhuyun Dai, and Jamie Callan. 2021. COIL: Revisit exact lexical match in information retrieval with contextualized inverted list. arXiv preprint arXiv:2104.07186 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2019.102067"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2346830"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Improving efficient neural ranking models with cross- architecture knowledge distillation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.02666","author":"Hofst\u00e4tter Sebastian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sebastian Hofst\u00e4tter , Sophia Althammer , Michael Schr\u00f6der , Mete Sertkan , and Allan Hanbury . 2020. Improving efficient neural ranking models with cross- architecture knowledge distillation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.02666 ( 2020 ). Sebastian Hofst\u00e4tter, Sophia Althammer, Michael Schr\u00f6der, Mete Sertkan, and Allan Hanbury. 2020. Improving efficient neural ranking models with cross- architecture knowledge distillation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.02666 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/645326.649721"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Dense passage retrieval for open- domain question answering. arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.04906","author":"Karpukhin Vladimir","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vladimir Karpukhin , Barlas Ouz , Sewon Min , Patrick Lewis , Ledell Wu , Sergey Edunov , Danqi Chen , and Wen-tau Yih. 2020. Dense passage retrieval for open- domain question answering. arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.04906 ( 2020 ). Vladimir Karpukhin, Barlas Ouz, Sewon Min, Patrick Lewis, Ledell Wu, Sergey Edunov, Danqi Chen, and Wen-tau Yih. 2020. Dense passage retrieval for open- domain question answering. arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.04906 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3397271.3401075"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Information & Knowledge Management. 3142--3146","author":"Kim Meoungjun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meoungjun Kim and Youngjoong Ko . 2021 . Self-supervised Fine-tuning for Effi- cient Passage Re-ranking . In Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Information & Knowledge Management. 3142--3146 . Meoungjun Kim and Youngjoong Ko. 2021. Self-supervised Fine-tuning for Effi- cient Passage Re-ranking. In Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Information & Knowledge Management. 3142--3146."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Adam: A method for stochastic opti- mization. arXiv preprint arXiv:1412.6980","author":"Kingma Diederik P","year":"2014","unstructured":"Diederik P Kingma and Jimmy Ba . 2014 . Adam: A method for stochastic opti- mization. arXiv preprint arXiv:1412.6980 (2014). Diederik P Kingma and Jimmy Ba. 2014. Adam: A method for stochastic opti- mization. arXiv preprint arXiv:1412.6980 (2014)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Semi-supervised classification with graph convolutional networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1609.02907","author":"Kipf Thomas N","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thomas N Kipf and Max Welling . 2016. Semi-supervised classification with graph convolutional networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1609.02907 ( 2016 ). Thomas N Kipf and Max Welling. 2016. Semi-supervised classification with graph convolutional networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1609.02907 (2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Latent re- trieval for weakly supervised open domain question answering. arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.00300","author":"Lee Kenton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kenton Lee , Ming-Wei Chang , and Kristina Toutanova . 2019. Latent re- trieval for weakly supervised open domain question answering. arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.00300 ( 2019 ). Kenton Lee, Ming-Wei Chang, and Kristina Toutanova. 2019. Latent re- trieval for weakly supervised open domain question answering. arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.00300 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","unstructured":"Patrick Lewis Ethan Perez Aleksandra Piktus Fabio Petroni Vladimir Karpukhin Naman Goyal Heinrich K\u00fcttler Mike Lewis Wen-tau Yih Tim Rockt\u00e4schel etal 2020. Retrieval-augmented generation for knowledge-intensive nlp tasks. arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.11401 (2020).  Patrick Lewis Ethan Perez Aleksandra Piktus Fabio Petroni Vladimir Karpukhin Naman Goyal Heinrich K\u00fcttler Mike Lewis Wen-tau Yih Tim Rockt\u00e4schel et al. 2020. Retrieval-augmented generation for knowledge-intensive nlp tasks. arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.11401 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"PA- RADE: Passage representation aggregation for document reranking. arXiv preprint arXiv:2008.09093","author":"Li Canjia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Canjia Li , Andrew Yates , Sean MacAvaney , Ben He , and Yingfei Sun . 2020. PA- RADE: Passage representation aggregation for document reranking. arXiv preprint arXiv:2008.09093 ( 2020 ). Canjia Li, Andrew Yates, Sean MacAvaney, Ben He, and Yingfei Sun. 2020. PA- RADE: Passage representation aggregation for document reranking. arXiv preprint arXiv:2008.09093 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Kagnet: Knowledge-aware graph networks for commonsense reasoning. arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.02151","author":"Lin Bill Yuchen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bill Yuchen Lin , Xinyue Chen , Jamin Chen , and Xiang Ren . 2019 . Kagnet: Knowledge-aware graph networks for commonsense reasoning. arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.02151 (2019). Bill Yuchen Lin, Xinyue Chen, Jamin Chen, and Xiang Ren. 2019. Kagnet: Knowledge-aware graph networks for commonsense reasoning. arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.02151 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Pre-trained Language Model for Web-scale Retrieval in Baidu Search. arXiv preprint arXiv:2106.03373","author":"Liu Yiding","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yiding Liu , Weixue Lu , Suqi Cheng , Daiting Shi , Shuaiqiang Wang , Zhicong Cheng , and Dawei Yin . 2021. Pre-trained Language Model for Web-scale Retrieval in Baidu Search. arXiv preprint arXiv:2106.03373 ( 2021 ). Yiding Liu, Weixue Lu, Suqi Cheng, Daiting Shi, Shuaiqiang Wang, Zhicong Cheng, and Dawei Yin. 2021. Pre-trained Language Model for Web-scale Retrieval in Baidu Search. arXiv preprint arXiv:2106.03373 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Roberta: A robustly optimized bert pretraining approach. arXiv preprint arXiv:1907.11692","author":"Liu Yinhan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yinhan Liu , Myle Ott , Naman Goyal , Jingfei Du , Mandar Joshi , Danqi Chen , Omer Levy , Mike Lewis , Luke Zettlemoyer , and Veselin Stoyanov . 2019 . Roberta: A robustly optimized bert pretraining approach. arXiv preprint arXiv:1907.11692 (2019). Yinhan Liu, Myle Ott, Naman Goyal, Jingfei Du, Mandar Joshi, Danqi Chen, Omer Levy, Mike Lewis, Luke Zettlemoyer, and Veselin Stoyanov. 2019. Roberta: A robustly optimized bert pretraining approach. arXiv preprint arXiv:1907.11692 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"PaddlePaddle: An open-source deep learning platform from industrial practice","volume":"1","author":"Ma Yanjun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yanjun Ma , Dianhai Yu , Tian Wu , and Haifeng Wang . 2019 . PaddlePaddle: An open-source deep learning platform from industrial practice . Frontiers of Data and Domputing 1 , 1 (2019), 105 -- 115 . Yanjun Ma, Dianhai Yu, Tian Wu, and Haifeng Wang. 2019. PaddlePaddle: An open-source deep learning platform from industrial practice. Frontiers of Data and Domputing 1, 1 (2019), 105--115.","journal-title":"Frontiers of Data and Domputing"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3331184.3331317"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"In NAACL 2013: Human language technologies. 746--751","author":"Mikolov Tom\u00e1","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tom\u00e1 Mikolov , Wen-tau Yih, and Geoffrey Zweig . 2013 . Linguistic regularities in continuous space word representations . In In NAACL 2013: Human language technologies. 746--751 . Tom\u00e1 Mikolov, Wen-tau Yih, and Geoffrey Zweig. 2013. Linguistic regularities in continuous space word representations. In In NAACL 2013: Human language technologies. 746--751."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"MS MARCO: A human generated machine reading comprehension dataset. In CoCo@ NIPS.","author":"Nguyen Tri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tri Nguyen , Mir Rosenberg , Xia Song , Jianfeng Gao , Saurabh Tiwary , Rangan Majumder , and Li Deng . 2016 . MS MARCO: A human generated machine reading comprehension dataset. In CoCo@ NIPS. Tri Nguyen, Mir Rosenberg, Xia Song, Jianfeng Gao, Saurabh Tiwary, Rangan Majumder, and Li Deng. 2016. MS MARCO: A human generated machine reading comprehension dataset. In CoCo@ NIPS."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Passage Re-ranking with BERT. arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.04085","author":"Nogueira Rodrigo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rodrigo Nogueira and Kyunghyun Cho . 2019. Passage Re-ranking with BERT. arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.04085 ( 2019 ). Rodrigo Nogueira and Kyunghyun Cho. 2019. Passage Re-ranking with BERT. arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.04085 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Multi-stage document ranking with bert. arXiv preprint arXiv:1910.14424","author":"Nogueira Rodrigo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rodrigo Nogueira , Wei Yang , Kyunghyun Cho , and Jimmy Lin . 2019. Multi-stage document ranking with bert. arXiv preprint arXiv:1910.14424 ( 2019 ). Rodrigo Nogueira, Wei Yang, Kyunghyun Cho, and Jimmy Lin. 2019. Multi-stage document ranking with bert. arXiv preprint arXiv:1910.14424 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Document expansion by query prediction. arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.08375","author":"Nogueira Rodrigo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rodrigo Nogueira , Wei Yang , Jimmy Lin , and Kyunghyun Cho . 2019. Document expansion by query prediction. arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.08375 ( 2019 ). Rodrigo Nogueira, Wei Yang, Jimmy Lin, and Kyunghyun Cho. 2019. Document expansion by query prediction. arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.08375 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.naacl-main.466"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Sentence-bert: Sentence embeddings using siamese bert-networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1908.10084","author":"Reimers Nils","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nils Reimers and Iryna Gurevych . 2019 . Sentence-bert: Sentence embeddings using siamese bert-networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1908.10084 (2019). Nils Reimers and Iryna Gurevych. 2019. Sentence-bert: Sentence embeddings using siamese bert-networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1908.10084 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Qiaoqiao She, Hua Wu, Haifeng Wang, and Ji-Rong Wen.","author":"Ren Ruiyang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ruiyang Ren , Yingqi Qu , Jing Liu , Wayne Xin Zhao , Qiaoqiao She, Hua Wu, Haifeng Wang, and Ji-Rong Wen. 2021 . RocketQAv2: A Joint Training Method for Dense Passage Retrieval and Passage Re-ranking . arXiv preprint arXiv:2110.07367 (2021). Ruiyang Ren, Yingqi Qu, Jing Liu, Wayne Xin Zhao, Qiaoqiao She, Hua Wu, Haifeng Wang, and Ji-Rong Wen. 2021. RocketQAv2: A Joint Training Method for Dense Passage Retrieval and Passage Re-ranking. arXiv preprint arXiv:2110.07367 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"Mateusz Malinowski, Razvan Pascanu, Peter Battaglia, and Timothy Lillicrap.","author":"Santoro Adam","year":"2017","unstructured":"Adam Santoro , David Raposo , David GT Barrett , Mateusz Malinowski, Razvan Pascanu, Peter Battaglia, and Timothy Lillicrap. 2017 . A simple neural network module for relational reasoning. arXiv preprint arXiv:1706.01427 (2017). Adam Santoro, David Raposo, David GT Barrett, Mateusz Malinowski, Razvan Pascanu, Peter Battaglia, and Timothy Lillicrap. 2017. A simple neural network module for relational reasoning. arXiv preprint arXiv:1706.01427 (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"Ivan Titov, and Max Welling.","author":"Schlichtkrull Michael","year":"2018","unstructured":"Michael Schlichtkrull , Thomas N Kipf , Peter Bloem , Rianne Van Den Berg , Ivan Titov, and Max Welling. 2018 . Modeling relational data with graph convolutional networks. In European semantic web conference. Springer , 593--607. Michael Schlichtkrull, Thomas N Kipf, Peter Bloem, Rianne Van Den Berg, Ivan Titov, and Max Welling. 2018. Modeling relational data with graph convolutional networks. In European semantic web conference. Springer, 593--607."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v31i1.11164"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aiopen.2021.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"Colake: Contextualized language and knowledge em- bedding. arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.00309","author":"Sun Tianxiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tianxiang Sun , Yunfan Shao , Xipeng Qiu , Qipeng Guo , Yaru Hu , Xuanjing Huang , and Zheng Zhang . 2020 . Colake: Contextualized language and knowledge em- bedding. arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.00309 (2020). Tianxiang Sun, Yunfan Shao, Xipeng Qiu, Qipeng Guo, Yaru Hu, Xuanjing Huang, and Zheng Zhang. 2020. Colake: Contextualized language and knowledge em- bedding. arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.00309 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"Ernie: Enhanced representa- tion through knowledge integration. arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.09223","author":"Sun Yu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yu Sun , Shuohuan Wang , Yukun Li , Shikun Feng , Xuyi Chen , Han Zhang , Xin Tian , Danxiang Zhu , Hao Tian , and Hua Wu . 2019 . Ernie: Enhanced representa- tion through knowledge integration. arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.09223 (2019). Yu Sun, Shuohuan Wang, Yukun Li, Shikun Feng, Xuyi Chen, Han Zhang, Xin Tian, Danxiang Zhu, Hao Tian, and Hua Wu. 2019. Ernie: Enhanced representa- tion through knowledge integration. arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.09223 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i05.6428"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","unstructured":"Ashish Vaswani Noam Shazeer Niki Parmar Jakob Uszkoreit Llion Jones Aidan N Gomez \u0141ukasz Kaiser and Illia Polosukhin. 2017. Attention is all you need. In Advances in neural information processing systems. 5998--6008.  Ashish Vaswani Noam Shazeer Niki Parmar Jakob Uszkoreit Llion Jones Aidan N Gomez \u0141ukasz Kaiser and Illia Polosukhin. 2017. Attention is all you need. In Advances in neural information processing systems. 5998--6008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"Structbert: incorporating language structures into pre-training for deep language understanding. arXiv preprint arXiv:1908.04577","author":"Wang Wei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wei Wang , Bin Bi , Ming Yan , Chen Wu , Zuyi Bao , Jiangnan Xia , Liwei Peng , and Luo Si. 2019. Structbert: incorporating language structures into pre-training for deep language understanding. arXiv preprint arXiv:1908.04577 ( 2019 ). Wei Wang, Bin Bi, Ming Yan, Chen Wu, Zuyi Bao, Jiangnan Xia, Liwei Peng, and Luo Si. 2019. Structbert: incorporating language structures into pre-training for deep language understanding. arXiv preprint arXiv:1908.04577 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"Zero-shot Entity Linking with Dense Entity Retrieval. CoRR abs\/1911.03814","author":"Wu Ledell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ledell Wu , Fabio Petroni , Martin Josifoski , Sebastian Riedel , and Luke Zettlemoyer . 2019. Zero-shot Entity Linking with Dense Entity Retrieval. CoRR abs\/1911.03814 ( 2019 ). arXiv preprint arxiv:1911.03814 (2019). Ledell Wu, Fabio Petroni, Martin Josifoski, Sebastian Riedel, and Luke Zettlemoyer. 2019. Zero-shot Entity Linking with Dense Entity Retrieval. CoRR abs\/1911.03814 (2019). arXiv preprint arxiv:1911.03814 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","volume":"35","author":"Yan Ming","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ming Yan , Chenliang Li , Bin Bi , Wei Wang , and Songfang Huang . 2021 . A Unified Pretraining Framework for Passage Ranking and Expansion . In Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence , Vol. 35 . 4555--4563. Ming Yan, Chenliang Li, Bin Bi, Wei Wang, and Songfang Huang. 2021. A Unified Pretraining Framework for Passage Ranking and Expansion. In Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 35. 4555--4563."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3077136.3080721"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3488560.3498442"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"Rep- bert: Contextualized text embeddings for first-stage retrieval. arXiv preprint arXiv:2006.15498","author":"Zhan Jingtao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jingtao Zhan , Jiaxin Mao , Yiqun Liu , Min Zhang , and Shaoping Ma. 2020. Rep- bert: Contextualized text embeddings for first-stage retrieval. arXiv preprint arXiv:2006.15498 ( 2020 ). Jingtao Zhan, Jiaxin Mao, Yiqun Liu, Min Zhang, and Shaoping Ma. 2020. Rep- bert: Contextualized text embeddings for first-stage retrieval. arXiv preprint arXiv:2006.15498 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","volume-title":"ERNIE: Enhanced language representation with informative entities. arXiv preprint arXiv:1905.07129","author":"Zhang Zhengyan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhengyan Zhang , Xu Han , Zhiyuan Liu , Xin Jiang , Maosong Sun , and Qun Liu . 2019 . ERNIE: Enhanced language representation with informative entities. arXiv preprint arXiv:1905.07129 (2019). Zhengyan Zhang, Xu Han, Zhiyuan Liu, Xin Jiang, Maosong Sun, and Qun Liu. 2019. ERNIE: Enhanced language representation with informative entities. arXiv preprint arXiv:1905.07129 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3447548.3467147"}],"event":{"name":"SIGIR '22: The 45th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","location":"Madrid Spain","acronym":"SIGIR '22","sponsor":["SIGIR ACM Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 45th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3477495.3531997","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3477495.3531997","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T18:10:20Z","timestamp":1750183820000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3477495.3531997"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3477495.3531997","10.1145\/3477495"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3477495.3531997","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-07-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}