{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T16:54:48Z","timestamp":1771520088149,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]],"date-time":"2021-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Priv. Secur."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Multi-dimensional data anonymization approaches (e.g., Mondrian) ensure more fine-grained data privacy by providing a different anonymization strategy applied for each attribute. Many variations of multi-dimensional anonymization have been implemented on different distributed processing platforms (e.g., MapReduce, Spark) to take advantage of their scalability and parallelism supports. According to our critical analysis on overheads, either existing iteration-based or recursion-based approaches do not provide effective mechanisms for creating the optimal number of and relative size of resilient distributed datasets (RDDs), thus heavily suffer from performance overheads. To solve this issue, we propose a novel hybrid approach for effectively implementing a multi-dimensional data anonymization strategy (e.g., Mondrian) that is scalable and provides high-performance. Our hybrid approach provides a mechanism to create far fewer RDDs and smaller size partitions attached to each RDD than existing approaches. This optimal RDD creation and operations approach is critical for many multi-dimensional data anonymization applications that create tremendous execution complexity. The new mechanism in our proposed hybrid approach can dramatically reduce the critical overheads involved in re-computation cost, shuffle operations, message exchange, and cache management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3484945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]],"date-time":"2021-11-23T23:50:55Z","timestamp":1637711455000},"page":"1-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A Novel Hybrid Approach for Multi-Dimensional Data Anonymization for Apache Spark"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Sibghat Ullah","family":"Bazai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1002-057X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian","family":"Jang-Jaccard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0033-6706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hooman","family":"Alavizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","unstructured":"IPUMS International. (2007). Retrieved 25 Sept 2021 from https:\/\/international.ipums.org\/international\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCN.2016.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICACCS.2019.8728384"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE.2018.00171"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2020.07.066"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1217299.1217302"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","unstructured":"Arthur Asuncion and David Newman. 2007. UCI Machine Learning Repository. Retrieved 25 Sept 2021 from http:\/\/archive.ics.uci.edu\/ml."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-36938-5_40"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics9101732"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics10050589"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-11212-1_8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigDataCongress.2017.15"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IC2E.2014.43"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/e20050373"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE.2005.143"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","first-page":"367","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Internetworking, Data & Web Technologies","author":"Gao Zhi-Qiang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhi-Qiang Gao and Long-Jun Zhang. 2017. DPHKMS: An efficient hybrid clustering preserving differential privacy in Spark. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Internetworking, Data & Web Technologies. Springer, 367\u2013377."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1538909.1538911"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3299869.3324959"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-64203-1_21"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1142473.1142499"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-018-1811-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE.2006.101"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1150402.1150435"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.datak.2011.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE.2008.4497558"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","unstructured":"M. Lichman. 2013. UCI Machine Learning Repository-Census+ Income Dataset. Retrieved 25 Sept 2021 from http:\/\/archive.ics.uci.edu\/ml\/datasets\/Census-Income?(KDD)."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","first-page":"69","article-title":"The big census data revolution: IPUMS-international. trans-border access to decades of census samples for three-fourths of the world and more","volume":"30","author":"McCaa Robert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Robert McCaa. 2013. The big census data revolution: IPUMS-international. trans-border access to decades of census samples for three-fourths of the world and more. Revista de Demografia Historica 30, 1 (2013), 69.","journal-title":"Revista de Demografia Historica"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-sen.2016.0264"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-33495-6_7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2016.2627558"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5220\/0007685200610071"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","unstructured":"F. Oppacher. R. Cattral. 2007. Poker Hand Data Set. Retrieved 25 Sept 2021 from https:\/\/archive.ics.uci.edu\/ml\/datasets\/Poker+Hand."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2960414.2960417"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11786-018-0344-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2770961.2771094"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/2831360.2831365"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2882903.2915229"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigData.2017.8258492"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3386\/w26156"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","first-page":"36","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computing","author":"Wai Ei Nyein Chan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ei Nyein Chan Wai, Pei-Wei Tsai, and Jeng-Shyang Pan. 2016. Hierarchical PSO clustering on MapReduce for scalable privacy preservation in big data. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computing. Springer, 36\u201344."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1032649.1033461"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1150402.1150504"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2886107"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2228298.2228301"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1863103.1863113"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2934664"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigData.2017.8258209"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2014.2360516"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-49145-5_31"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CGC.2013.24"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3484945","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3484945","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T20:17:15Z","timestamp":1750191435000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3484945"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3484945"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3484945","relation":{},"ISSN":["2471-2566","2471-2574"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2471-2566","type":"print"},{"value":"2471-2574","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-10-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-11-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}