{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]],"date-time":"2025-07-20T03:52:09Z","timestamp":1752983529762,"version":"3.41.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":33,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3486622.3493926","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T01:18:53Z","timestamp":1649899133000},"page":"241-248","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Counterfactual Contextual Multi-Armed Bandit to Diagnose Post-Harvest Diseases of Apple"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Sottocornola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Stella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Zanker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Vol.\u00a032), Eric\u00a0P","author":"Agarwal Alekh","key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Alekh Agarwal , Daniel Hsu , Satyen Kale , John Langford , Lihong Li , and Robert Schapire . 2014. Taming the Monster: A Fast and Simple Algorithm for Contextual Bandits(Proceedings of Machine Learning Research , Vol.\u00a032), Eric\u00a0P . Xing and Tony Jebara (Eds.). PMLR , Bejing, China , 1638\u20131646. http:\/\/proceedings.mlr.press\/v32\/agarwalb14.html Alekh Agarwal, Daniel Hsu, Satyen Kale, John Langford, Lihong Li, and Robert Schapire. 2014. Taming the Monster: A Fast and Simple Algorithm for Contextual Bandits(Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, Vol.\u00a032), Eric\u00a0P. Xing and Tony Jebara (Eds.). PMLR, Bejing, China, 1638\u20131646. http:\/\/proceedings.mlr.press\/v32\/agarwalb14.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on International Conference on Machine Learning -","volume":"28","author":"Agrawal Shipra","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shipra Agrawal and Navin Goyal . 2013 . Thompson Sampling for Contextual Bandits with Linear Payoffs . In Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on International Conference on Machine Learning - Volume 28 (Atlanta, GA, USA) (ICML\u201913). JMLR.org, III\u20131220\u2013III\u20131228. Shipra Agrawal and Navin Goyal. 2013. Thompson Sampling for Contextual Bandits with Linear Payoffs. In Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on International Conference on Machine Learning - Volume 28 (Atlanta, GA, USA) (ICML\u201913). JMLR.org, III\u20131220\u2013III\u20131228."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Finite-Time Analysis of the Multiarmed Bandit Problem. 47, 2\u20133 (May","author":"Auer Peter","year":"2002","unstructured":"Peter Auer , Nicol\u00f2 Cesa-Bianchi , and Paul Fischer . 2002. Finite-Time Analysis of the Multiarmed Bandit Problem. 47, 2\u20133 (May 2002 ), 235\u2013256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1013689704352 Peter Auer, Nicol\u00f2 Cesa-Bianchi, and Paul Fischer. 2002. Finite-Time Analysis of the Multiarmed Bandit Problem. 47, 2\u20133 (May 2002), 235\u2013256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1013689704352"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems -","volume":"1","author":"Bareinboim Elias","year":"2015","unstructured":"Elias Bareinboim , Andrew Forney , and Judea Pearl . 2015 . Bandits with Unobserved Confounders: A Causal Approach . In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems - Volume 1 (Montreal, Canada) (NIPS\u201915). MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 1342\u20131350. Elias Bareinboim, Andrew Forney, and Judea Pearl. 2015. Bandits with Unobserved Confounders: A Causal Approach. In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems - Volume 1 (Montreal, Canada) (NIPS\u201915). MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 1342\u20131350."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Counterfactual Reasoning and Learning Systems: The Example of Computational Advertising","volume":"14","author":"Bottou L\u00e9on","year":"2013","unstructured":"L\u00e9on Bottou , Jonas Peters , Joaquin Qui\u00f1onero Candela , Denis\u00a0 X. Charles , D.\u00a0 Max Chickering , Elon Portugaly , Dipankar Ray , Patrice Simard , and Ed Snelson . 2013 . Counterfactual Reasoning and Learning Systems: The Example of Computational Advertising . J. Mach. Learn. Res. 14 , 1 (Jan. 2013), 3207\u20133260. L\u00e9on Bottou, Jonas Peters, Joaquin Qui\u00f1onero Candela, Denis\u00a0X. Charles, D.\u00a0Max Chickering, Elon Portugaly, Dipankar Ray, Patrice Simard, and Ed Snelson. 2013. Counterfactual Reasoning and Learning Systems: The Example of Computational Advertising. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 14, 1 (Jan. 2013), 3207\u20133260.","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2986459.2986710"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"Maria Dimakopoulou Zhimei Ren and Zhengyuan Zhou. 2021. Doubly-Adaptive Thompson Sampling for Multi-Armed and Contextual Bandits. arxiv:2102.13202\u00a0[cs.LG]  Maria Dimakopoulou Zhimei Ren and Zhengyuan Zhou. 2021. Doubly-Adaptive Thompson Sampling for Multi-Armed and Contextual Bandits. arxiv:2102.13202\u00a0[cs.LG]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v33i01.33013445"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3104482.3104620"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Machine Learning -","volume":"70","author":"Forney Andrew","year":"2017","unstructured":"Andrew Forney , Judea Pearl , and Elias Bareinboim . 2017 . Counterfactual Data-Fusion for Online Reinforcement Learners . In Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Machine Learning - Volume 70 (Sydney, NSW, Australia) (ICML\u201917). JMLR.org, 1156\u20131164. Andrew Forney, Judea Pearl, and Elias Bareinboim. 2017. Counterfactual Data-Fusion for Online Reinforcement Learners. In Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Machine Learning - Volume 70 (Sydney, NSW, Australia) (ICML\u201917). JMLR.org, 1156\u20131164."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1390156.1390212"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2981562.2981665"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems","author":"Lee Sanghack","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sanghack Lee and Elias Bareinboim . 2018 . Structural Causal Bandits: Where to Intervene? . In Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems ( Montreal, Canada) (NIPS\u201918). Curran Associates Inc., Red Hook, NY, USA, 2573\u20132583. Sanghack Lee and Elias Bareinboim. 2018. Structural Causal Bandits: Where to Intervene?. In Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (Montreal, Canada) (NIPS\u201918). Curran Associates Inc., Red Hook, NY, USA, 2573\u20132583."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v33i01.33014164"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1772690.1772758"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, UAI 2020","author":"Lu Yangyi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yangyi Lu , Amirhossein Meisami , Ambuj Tewari , and William Yan . 2020 . Regret Analysis of Bandit Problems with Causal Background Knowledge . In Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, UAI 2020 , virtual online, August 3-6, 2020. 77. http:\/\/www.auai.org\/uai2020\/proceedings\/77_main_paper.pdf Yangyi Lu, Amirhossein Meisami, Ambuj Tewari, and William Yan. 2020. Regret Analysis of Bandit Problems with Causal Background Knowledge. In Proceedings of the Thirty-Sixth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, UAI 2020, virtual online, August 3-6, 2020. 77. http:\/\/www.auai.org\/uai2020\/proceedings\/77_main_paper.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10341-014-0200-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Joint Ontology Workshops 2019 Episode V: The Styrian Autumn of Ontology, Graz, Austria, September 23-25, 2019(CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Vol.\u00a02518)","author":"Niederkofler Armin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Armin Niederkofler , Sanja Baric , Giancarlo Guizzardi , Gabriele Sottocornola , and Markus Zanker . 2019 . Knowledge Models for Diagnosing Postharvest Diseases of Apples . In Proceedings of the Joint Ontology Workshops 2019 Episode V: The Styrian Autumn of Ontology, Graz, Austria, September 23-25, 2019(CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Vol.\u00a02518) . CEUR-WS.org. http:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-2518\/paper-ODLS6.pdf Armin Niederkofler, Sanja Baric, Giancarlo Guizzardi, Gabriele Sottocornola, and Markus Zanker. 2019. Knowledge Models for Diagnosing Postharvest Diseases of Apples. In Proceedings of the Joint Ontology Workshops 2019 Episode V: The Styrian Autumn of Ontology, Graz, Austria, September 23-25, 2019(CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Vol.\u00a02518). CEUR-WS.org. http:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-2518\/paper-ODLS6.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3240323.3241616"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1273496.1273587"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference","author":"Pearl Judea","year":"2000","unstructured":"Judea Pearl . 2000 . Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference . Cambridge University Press , USA. Judea Pearl. 2000. Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference. Cambridge University Press, USA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Identificator: A Web-Based Tool for Visual Plant Disease Identification, a Proof of Concept with a Case Study on Strawberry. Comput. Electron. Agric. 84 (June","author":"Pertot Ilaria","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ilaria Pertot , Tsvi Kuflik , Igor Gordon , Stanley Freeman , and Yigal Elad . 2012 . Identificator: A Web-Based Tool for Visual Plant Disease Identification, a Proof of Concept with a Case Study on Strawberry. Comput. Electron. Agric. 84 (June 2012), 144\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compag.2012.02.014 Ilaria Pertot, Tsvi Kuflik, Igor Gordon, Stanley Freeman, and Yigal Elad. 2012. Identificator: A Web-Based Tool for Visual Plant Disease Identification, a Proof of Concept with a Case Study on Strawberry. Comput. Electron. Agric. 84 (June 2012), 144\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compag.2012.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Global fruit production","author":"Shahbandeh Mahsa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mahsa Shahbandeh . 2021. Global fruit production in 2019 , by selected variety (in million metric tons). hhttps:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/264001\/worldwide-production-of-fruit-by-variety\/. Accessed : 2021-05-10. Mahsa Shahbandeh. 2021. Global fruit production in 2019, by selected variety (in million metric tons). hhttps:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/264001\/worldwide-production-of-fruit-by-variety\/. Accessed: 2021-05-10."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Ruiyang Song Stefano Rini and Kuang Xu. 2021. Hierarchical Causal Bandit. arxiv:2103.04215\u00a0[stat.ML]  Ruiyang Song Stefano Rini and Kuang Xu. 2021. Hierarchical Causal Bandit. arxiv:2103.04215\u00a0[stat.ML]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Joint Workshop Proceedings of the","author":"Sottocornola Gabriele","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gabriele Sottocornola , Sanja Baric , Fabio Stella , and Markus Zanker . 2021. Case Study on the Development of a Recommender for Apple Disease Diagnosis with a Knowledge-based Bayesian Network (Long paper) . In Joint Workshop Proceedings of the 3 rd Edition of Knowledge-aware and Conversational Recommender Systems (KaRS) and the 5 th Edition of Recommendation in Complex Environments (ComplexRec) co-located with 15th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys 2021 ), Virtual Event, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 25, 2021(CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Vol.\u00a02960), Vito\u00a0Walter Anelli, Pierpaolo Basile, Tommaso\u00a0Di Noia, Francesco\u00a0Maria Donini, Cataldo Musto, Fedelucio Narducci, Markus Zanker, Himan Abdollahpouri, Toine Bogers, Bamshad Mobasher, Casper Petersen, and Maria\u00a0Soledad Pera (Eds.). CEUR-WS. org. http:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-2960\/paper13.pdf Gabriele Sottocornola, Sanja Baric, Fabio Stella, and Markus Zanker. 2021. Case Study on the Development of a Recommender for Apple Disease Diagnosis with a Knowledge-based Bayesian Network (Long paper). In Joint Workshop Proceedings of the 3rd Edition of Knowledge-aware and Conversational Recommender Systems (KaRS) and the 5th Edition of Recommendation in Complex Environments (ComplexRec) co-located with 15th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys 2021), Virtual Event, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 25, 2021(CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Vol.\u00a02960), Vito\u00a0Walter Anelli, Pierpaolo Basile, Tommaso\u00a0Di Noia, Francesco\u00a0Maria Donini, Cataldo Musto, Fedelucio Narducci, Markus Zanker, Himan Abdollahpouri, Toine Bogers, Bamshad Mobasher, Casper Petersen, and Maria\u00a0Soledad Pera (Eds.). CEUR-WS.org. http:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-2960\/paper13.pdf","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3377325.3377531"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction","author":"Sutton S.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Richard\u00a0 S. Sutton and Andrew\u00a0 G. Barto . 2018 . Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction ( second ed.). The MIT Press . http:\/\/incompleteideas.net\/book\/the-book-2nd.html Richard\u00a0S. Sutton and Andrew\u00a0G. Barto. 2018. Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction(second ed.). The MIT Press. http:\/\/incompleteideas.net\/book\/the-book-2nd.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Art Agnello, and James\u00a0F Walgenbach (Eds.)","author":"Sutton B","year":"2014","unstructured":"Turner\u00a0 B Sutton , Herb\u00a0 S Aldwinckle , Art Agnello, and James\u00a0F Walgenbach (Eds.) . 2014 . Compendium of Apple and Pear Diseases and Pests (2 ed.). APS press . Turner\u00a0B Sutton, Herb\u00a0S Aldwinckle, Art Agnello, and James\u00a0F Walgenbach (Eds.). 2014. Compendium of Apple and Pear Diseases and Pests (2 ed.). APS press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on International Conference on Machine Learning -","volume":"37","author":"Swaminathan Adith","year":"2015","unstructured":"Adith Swaminathan and Thorsten Joachims . 2015 . Counterfactual Risk Minimization: Learning from Logged Bandit Feedback . In Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on International Conference on Machine Learning - Volume 37 (Lille, France) (ICML\u201915). JMLR.org, 814\u2013823. Adith Swaminathan and Thorsten Joachims. 2015. Counterfactual Risk Minimization: Learning from Logged Bandit Feedback. In Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on International Conference on Machine Learning - Volume 37 (Lille, France) (ICML\u201915). JMLR.org, 814\u2013823."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems -","volume":"2","author":"Swaminathan Adith","year":"2015","unstructured":"Adith Swaminathan and Thorsten Joachims . 2015 . The Self-Normalized Estimator for Counterfactual Learning . In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems - Volume 2 (Montreal, Canada) (NIPS\u201915). MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 3231\u20133239. Adith Swaminathan and Thorsten Joachims. 2015. The Self-Normalized Estimator for Counterfactual Learning. In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems - Volume 2 (Montreal, Canada) (NIPS\u201915). MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 3231\u20133239."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11564096_42"},{"volume-title":"Apples Exports by Country","author":"Workman Daniel","key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","unstructured":"Daniel Workman . 2020. Apples Exports by Country . http:\/\/www.worldstopexports.com\/apples-exports-by-country\/. Accessed: 2021-05-10. Daniel Workman. 2020. Apples Exports by Country. http:\/\/www.worldstopexports.com\/apples-exports-by-country\/. Accessed: 2021-05-10."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2017\/186"}],"event":{"name":"WI-IAT '21: IEEE\/WIC\/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence","sponsor":["SIGAI ACM Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence"],"location":"ESSENDON VIC Australia","acronym":"WI-IAT '21"},"container-title":["IEEE\/WIC\/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3486622.3493926","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3486622.3493926","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T20:12:06Z","timestamp":1750191126000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3486622.3493926"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3486622.3493926","10.1145\/3486622"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3486622.3493926","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]}}}