{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T05:44:56Z","timestamp":1771479896839,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":46,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3487351.3492715","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]],"date-time":"2022-02-19T12:16:07Z","timestamp":1645272967000},"page":"607-612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Examining factors associated with Twitter account suspension following the 2020 U.S. presidential election"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Farhan Asif","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dheeman","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md Rashidul","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koustuv","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Tech"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Mueen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2012.01574.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Social bots distort the 2016 us presidential election online discussion,\" First Monday","author":"Bessi A.","unstructured":"A. Bessi and E. Ferrara , \" Social bots distort the 2016 us presidential election online discussion,\" First Monday , vol. 21 , no. 11-7, 2016. A. Bessi and E. Ferrara, \"Social bots distort the 2016 us presidential election online discussion,\" First Monday, vol. 21, no. 11-7, 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780190931407.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Congress-Hearing \"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-115shrg27398\/pdf\/CHRG-115shrg27398.pdf \" 2017.  Congress-Hearing \"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-115shrg27398\/pdf\/CHRG-115shrg27398.pdf \" 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Mueller-Report \"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/storage\/report.pdf \" 2019.  Mueller-Report \"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/storage\/report.pdf \" 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"Facebook-Update \"https:\/\/about.fb.com\/news\/2017\/09\/information-operations-update\/ \" 2017.  Facebook-Update \"https:\/\/about.fb.com\/news\/2017\/09\/information-operations-update\/ \" 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"Twitter-Update \"https:\/\/blog.twitter.com\/en_us\/topics\/company\/2018\/2016-election-update.html \" 2018.  Twitter-Update \"https:\/\/blog.twitter.com\/en_us\/topics\/company\/2018\/2016-election-update.html \" 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Bias \"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/tech\/news\/2016\/11\/18\/conservatives-accuse-twitter-of-liberal-bias\/94037802\/ \" 2016.  Bias \"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/tech\/news\/2016\/11\/18\/conservatives-accuse-twitter-of-liberal-bias\/94037802\/ \" 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"Bias \"https:\/\/www.wired.co.uk\/article\/twitter-political-account-ban-us-mid-term-elections \" 2020.  Bias \"https:\/\/www.wired.co.uk\/article\/twitter-political-account-ban-us-mid-term-elections \" 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Twitter-Safety \"https:\/\/blog.twitter.com\/en_us\/topics\/company\/2018\/how-twitter-is-fighting-spam-and-malicious-automation.html \" 2021.  Twitter-Safety \"https:\/\/blog.twitter.com\/en_us\/topics\/company\/2018\/how-twitter-is-fighting-spam-and-malicious-automation.html \" 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"Twitter-Policy \"https:\/\/blog.twitter.com\/en_us\/topics\/company\/2020\/2020-election-changes.html \" 2021.  Twitter-Policy \"https:\/\/blog.twitter.com\/en_us\/topics\/company\/2020\/2020-election-changes.html \" 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07605-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1145\/2068816.2068840","volume-title":"Suspended accounts in retrospect: an analysis of twitter spam,\" in Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement conference","author":"Thomas K.","year":"2011","unstructured":"K. Thomas , C. Grier , D. Song , and V. Paxson , \" Suspended accounts in retrospect: an analysis of twitter spam,\" in Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement conference , 2011 , pp. 243 -- 258 . K. Thomas, C. Grier, D. Song, and V. Paxson, \"Suspended accounts in retrospect: an analysis of twitter spam,\" in Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement conference, 2011, pp. 243--258."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Cats: Characterizing automation of twitter spammers","author":"Amleshwaram A. A.","year":"2021","unstructured":"A. A. Amleshwaram , A. N. Reddy , S. Yadav , G. Gu , and C. Yang , \" Cats: Characterizing automation of twitter spammers .\" 2021 . A. A. Amleshwaram, A. N. Reddy, S. Yadav, G. Gu, and C. Yang, \"Cats: Characterizing automation of twitter spammers.\" 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","first-page":"258","volume-title":"IEEE","author":"Le H.","year":"2019","unstructured":"H. Le , G. Boynton , Z. Shafiq , and P. Srinivasan , \" A postmortem of suspended twitter accounts in the 2016 us presidential election,\" in 2019 IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM) . IEEE , 2019 , pp. 258 -- 265 . H. Le, G. Boynton, Z. Shafiq, and P. Srinivasan, \"A postmortem of suspended twitter accounts in the 2016 us presidential election,\" in 2019 IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM). IEEE, 2019, pp. 258--265."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","first-page":"371","article-title":"On twitter purge: A retrospective analysis of suspended users","volume":"2020","author":"Chowdhury F. A.","year":"2020","unstructured":"F. A. Chowdhury , L. Allen , M. Yousuf , and A. Mueen , \" On twitter purge: A retrospective analysis of suspended users ,\" in Companion Proceedings of the Web Conference 2020 , 2020 , pp. 371 -- 378 . F. A. Chowdhury, L. Allen, M. Yousuf, and A. Mueen, \"On twitter purge: A retrospective analysis of suspended users,\" in Companion Proceedings of the Web Conference 2020, 2020, pp. 371--378.","journal-title":"Companion Proceedings of the Web Conference"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. Ferrara \"Disinformation and social bot operations in the run up to the 2017 french presidential election \" arXiv preprint arXiv:1707.00086 2017.  E. Ferrara \"Disinformation and social bot operations in the run up to the 2017 french presidential election \" arXiv preprint arXiv:1707.00086 2017.","DOI":"10.5210\/fm.v22i8.8005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Still out there: Modeling and identifying russian troll accounts on twitter,\" in 12th ACM Conference on Web Science","author":"Im J.","year":"2020","unstructured":"J. Im , E. Chandrasekharan , J. Sargent , P. Lighthammer , T. Denby , A. Bhargava , L. Hemphill , D. Jurgens , and E. Gilbert , \" Still out there: Modeling and identifying russian troll accounts on twitter,\" in 12th ACM Conference on Web Science , 2020 , pp. 1 -- 10 . J. Im, E. Chandrasekharan, J. Sargent, P. Lighthammer, T. Denby, A. Bhargava, L. Hemphill, D. Jurgens, and E. Gilbert, \"Still out there: Modeling and identifying russian troll accounts on twitter,\" in 12th ACM Conference on Web Science, 2020, pp. 1--10."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","first-page":"258","article-title":"Analyzing the digital traces of political manipulation: The 2016 russian interference twitter campaign,\" in 2018 IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM)","author":"Badawy A.","year":"2018","unstructured":"A. Badawy , E. Ferrara , and K. Lerman , \" Analyzing the digital traces of political manipulation: The 2016 russian interference twitter campaign,\" in 2018 IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM) . IEEE , 2018 , pp. 258 -- 265 . A. Badawy, E. Ferrara, and K. Lerman, \"Analyzing the digital traces of political manipulation: The 2016 russian interference twitter campaign,\" in 2018 IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM). IEEE, 2018, pp. 258--265.","journal-title":"IEEE"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","first-page":"218","volume-title":"Disinformation warfare: Understanding state-sponsored trolls on twitter and their influence on the web,\" in Companion proceedings of the 2019 world wide web conference","author":"Zannettou S.","year":"2019","unstructured":"S. Zannettou , T. Caulfield , E. De Cristofaro , M. Sirivianos , G. Stringhini , and J. Blackburn , \" Disinformation warfare: Understanding state-sponsored trolls on twitter and their influence on the web,\" in Companion proceedings of the 2019 world wide web conference , 2019 , pp. 218 -- 226 . S. Zannettou, T. Caulfield, E. De Cristofaro, M. Sirivianos, G. Stringhini, and J. Blackburn, \"Disinformation warfare: Understanding state-sponsored trolls on twitter and their influence on the web,\" in Companion proceedings of the 2019 world wide web conference, 2019, pp. 218--226."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Russian troll account classification with twitter and facebook data","author":"Lewinski D.","year":"2021","unstructured":"D. Lewinski and M. R. Hasan , \" Russian troll account classification with twitter and facebook data ,\" 2021 . D. Lewinski and M. R. Hasan, \"Russian troll account classification with twitter and facebook data,\" 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Crisislex: A lexicon for collecting and filtering microblogged communications in crises,\" in Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media","author":"Olteanu A.","unstructured":"A. Olteanu , C. Castillo , F. Diaz , and S. Vieweg , \" Crisislex: A lexicon for collecting and filtering microblogged communications in crises,\" in Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media , vol. 8 , no. 1, 2014. A. Olteanu, C. Castillo, F. Diaz, and S. Vieweg, \"Crisislex: A lexicon for collecting and filtering microblogged communications in crises,\" in Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, vol. 8, no. 1, 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3308558.3313420"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Comparing events coverage in online news and social media: The case of climate change,\" in Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media","author":"Olteanu A.","unstructured":"A. Olteanu , C. Castillo , N. Diakopoulos , and K. Aberer , \" Comparing events coverage in online news and social media: The case of climate change,\" in Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media , vol. 9 , no. 1, 2015. A. Olteanu, C. Castillo, N. Diakopoulos, and K. Aberer, \"Comparing events coverage in online news and social media: The case of climate change,\" in Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, vol. 9, no. 1, 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"Website \"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/view\/us-election20-twitter-suspend \" 2021.  Website \"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/view\/us-election20-twitter-suspend \" 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Ethical research standards in a world of big data,\" F1000Research","author":"Rivers C. M.","year":"2014","unstructured":"C. M. Rivers and B. L. Lewis , \" Ethical research standards in a world of big data,\" F1000Research , vol. 3 , 2014 . C. M. Rivers and B. L. Lewis, \"Ethical research standards in a world of big data,\" F1000Research, vol. 3, 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v15i1.18046"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"TwitterRules \"https:\/\/help.twitter.com\/en\/rules-and-policies\/twitter-rules \" 2021.  TwitterRules \"https:\/\/help.twitter.com\/en\/rules-and-policies\/twitter-rules \" 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Large scale crowdsourcing and characterization of twitter abusive behavior,\" in Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media","author":"Founta A.","unstructured":"A. Founta , C. Djouvas , D. Chatzakou , I. Leontiadis , J. Blackburn , G. Stringhini , A. Vakali , M. Sirivianos , and N. Kourtellis , \" Large scale crowdsourcing and characterization of twitter abusive behavior,\" in Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media , vol. 12 , no. 1, 2018. A. Founta, C. Djouvas, D. Chatzakou, I. Leontiadis, J. Blackburn, G. Stringhini, A. Vakali, M. Sirivianos, and N. Kourtellis, \"Large scale crowdsourcing and characterization of twitter abusive behavior,\" in Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, vol. 12, no. 1, 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Automated hate speech detection and the problem of offensive language,\" in Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media","author":"Davidson T.","unstructured":"T. Davidson , D. Warmsley , M. Macy , and I. Weber , \" Automated hate speech detection and the problem of offensive language,\" in Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media , vol. 11 , no. 1, 2017. T. Davidson, D. Warmsley, M. Macy, and I. Weber, \"Automated hate speech detection and the problem of offensive language,\" in Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, vol. 11, no. 1, 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"Twitter-Integrity \"https:\/\/help.twitter.com\/en\/rules-and-policies\/election-integrity-policy \" 2021.  Twitter-Integrity \"https:\/\/help.twitter.com\/en\/rules-and-policies\/election-integrity-policy \" 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Characterizing social media manipulation in the 2020 us presidential election,\" First Monday","author":"Ferrara E.","year":"2020","unstructured":"E. Ferrara , H. Chang , E. Chen , G. Muric , and J. Patel , \" Characterizing social media manipulation in the 2020 us presidential election,\" First Monday , 2020 . E. Ferrara, H. Chang, E. Chen, G. Muric, and J. Patel, \"Characterizing social media manipulation in the 2020 us presidential election,\" First Monday, 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","unstructured":"FactCheck \"https:\/\/www.factcheck.org\/2017\/07\/websites-post-fake-satirical-stories\/ \" 2021.  FactCheck \"https:\/\/www.factcheck.org\/2017\/07\/websites-post-fake-satirical-stories\/ \" 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","unstructured":"Politifact \"https:\/\/www.politifact.com\/article\/2017\/apr\/20\/politifacts-guide-fake-news-websites-and-what-they\/ \" 2021.  Politifact \"https:\/\/www.politifact.com\/article\/2017\/apr\/20\/politifacts-guide-fake-news-websites-and-what-they\/ \" 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Detecting spammers on twitter","author":"Benevenuto F.","year":"2010","unstructured":"F. Benevenuto , G. Magno , T. Rodrigues , and V. Almeida , \" Detecting spammers on twitter ,\" 2010 . F. Benevenuto, G. Magno, T. Rodrigues, and V. Almeida, \"Detecting spammers on twitter,\" 2010."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i01.5460"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13278-019-0578-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","unstructured":"AllSides \"https:\/\/www.allsides.com\/media-bias\/media-bias-ratings \" 2021.  AllSides \"https:\/\/www.allsides.com\/media-bias\/media-bias-ratings \" 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","unstructured":"MediaBias \"https:\/\/mediabiasfactcheck.com\/ \" 2021.  MediaBias \"https:\/\/mediabiasfactcheck.com\/ \" 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","unstructured":"Twitter-Measures \"https:\/\/blog.twitter.com\/en_us\/topics\/company\/2018\/how-twitter-is-fighting-spam-and-malicious-automation.html \" 2018.  Twitter-Measures \"https:\/\/blog.twitter.com\/en_us\/topics\/company\/2018\/how-twitter-is-fighting-spam-and-malicious-automation.html \" 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"The use of twitter hashtags in the formation of ad hoc publics,\" in Proceedings of the 6th European consortium for political research (ECPR) general conference","author":"Bruns A.","year":"2011","unstructured":"A. Bruns and J. E. Burgess , \" The use of twitter hashtags in the formation of ad hoc publics,\" in Proceedings of the 6th European consortium for political research (ECPR) general conference 2011 , 2011. A. Bruns and J. E. Burgess, \"The use of twitter hashtags in the formation of ad hoc publics,\" in Proceedings of the 6th European consortium for political research (ECPR) general conference 2011, 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3274289"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"Sparse additive generative models of text","author":"Eisenstein J.","year":"2011","unstructured":"J. Eisenstein , A. Ahmed , and E. P. Xing , \" Sparse additive generative models of text ,\" 2011 . J. Eisenstein, A. Ahmed, and E. P. Xing, \"Sparse additive generative models of text,\" 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445394"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","unstructured":"Trump-Ban \"https:\/\/blog.twitter.com\/en_us\/topics\/company\/2020\/suspension.html \" 2020.  Trump-Ban \"https:\/\/blog.twitter.com\/en_us\/topics\/company\/2020\/suspension.html \" 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v14i1.7326"}],"event":{"name":"ASONAM '21: International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining","location":"Virtual Event Netherlands","acronym":"ASONAM '21","sponsor":["SIGKDD ACM Special Interest Group on Knowledge Discovery in Data","IEEE CS"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3487351.3492715","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3487351.3492715","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T19:30:49Z","timestamp":1750188649000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3487351.3492715"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3487351.3492715","10.1145\/3487351"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3487351.3492715","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-01-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}