{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T11:50:43Z","timestamp":1784807443773,"version":"3.55.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":49,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]],"date-time":"2022-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["075-02-2021-1387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-02-2021-1387"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HA 5851\/2-1 and HA 5851\/2-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HA 5851\/2-1 and HA 5851\/2-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3488560.3498534","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T21:42:57Z","timestamp":1644961377000},"page":"66-74","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Towards Understanding and Answering Comparative Questions"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Bondarenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Martin-Luther-Universit\u00e4t Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yamen","family":"Ajjour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Martin-Luther-Universit\u00e4t Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentin","family":"Dittmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Martin-Luther-Universit\u00e4t Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niklas","family":"Homann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Martin-Luther-Universit\u00e4t Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Braslavski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ural Federal University & HSE University, Moscow, Ekaterinburg, Russian Fed."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Hagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Martin-Luther-Universit\u00e4t Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1_1","volume-title":"Lukasz Kaiser, Manjunath Kudlur, Josh Levenberg, Dan Man\u00e9 , Rajat Monga, Sherry Moore, Derek Gordon Murray, Chris Olah","author":"Abadi Mart'i","unstructured":"Mart'i n Abadi, Ashish Agarwal, Paul Barham, Eugene Brevdo, Zhifeng Chen, Craig Citro, Gregory S. Corrado, Andy Davis, Jeffrey Dean, Matthieu Devin, Sanjay Ghemawat, Ian J. Goodfellow, Andrew Harp, Geoffrey Irving, Michael Isard, Yangqing Jia, Rafal J\u00f3 zefowicz, Lukasz Kaiser, Manjunath Kudlur, Josh Levenberg, Dan Man\u00e9 , Rajat Monga, Sherry Moore, Derek Gordon Murray, Chris Olah, Mike Schuster, Jonathon Shlens, Benoit Steiner, Ilya Sutskever, Kunal Talwar, Paul A. Tucker, Vincent Vanhoucke, Vijay Vasudevan, Fernanda B. Vi\u00e9 gas, Oriol Vinyals, Pete Warden, Martin Wattenberg, Martin Wicke, Yuan Yu, and Xiaoqiang Zheng. TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems. CoRR , Vol. abs\/1603.04467 (2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jos\/5.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_3_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of IUCS 2009 . ACM, 344--349","author":"Aoki Shinya","unstructured":"Shinya Aoki, Takayuki Yumoto, Manabu Nii, and Yutaka Takahashi. Searching for Comparison Points Between Two Objects from the Web. In Proceedings of IUCS 2009 . ACM, 344--349."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_4_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of CIKM 2017","author":"Arora Jatin","year":"1975","unstructured":"Jatin Arora, Sumit Agrawal, Pawan Goyal, and Sayan Pathak. Extracting Entities of Interest from Comparative Product Reviews. In Proceedings of CIKM 2017. ACM , 1975--1978."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_5_1","volume-title":"Noam Slonim. Stance Classification of Context-Dependent Claims. In Proceedings of EACL 2017 . ACL, 251--261","author":"Bar-Haim Roy","unstructured":"Roy Bar-Haim, Indrajit Bhattacharya, Francesco Dinuzzo, Amrita Saha, and Noam Slonim. Stance Classification of Context-Dependent Claims. In Proceedings of EACL 2017 . ACL, 251--261."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_6_1","volume-title":"Noam Slonim. Project Debater APIs: Decomposing the AI Grand Challenge. In Proceedings of EMNLP 2021 .ACL, 267--274","author":"Bar-Haim Roy","unstructured":"Roy Bar-Haim, Yoav Kantor, Elad Venezian, Yoav Katz, and Noam Slonim. Project Debater APIs: Decomposing the AI Grand Challenge. In Proceedings of EMNLP 2021 .ACL, 267--274."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_7_1","volume-title":"Longformer: The Long-Doc\u00adu\u00adment Transformer . CoRR","author":"Beltagy Iz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Iz Beltagy, Matthew E. Peters, and Arman Cohan. Longformer: The Long-Doc\u00adu\u00adment Transformer . CoRR , Vol. abs\/2004.05150 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_8_1","volume-title":"Matthias Hagen. Comparative Web Search Questions. In Proceedings of WSDM","author":"Bondarenko Alexander","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alexander Bondarenko, Pavel Braslavski, Michael V\u00f6 lske, Rami Aly, Maik Fr\u00f6 be, Alexander Panchenko, Chris Biemann, Benno Stein, and Matthias Hagen. Comparative Web Search Questions. In Proceedings of WSDM 2020. ACM , 52--60."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_9_1","volume-title":"Matthias Hagen. A User Study on Clarifying Comparative Questions. In Proceedings of CHIIR 2022 . ACM.","author":"Bondarenko Alexander","unstructured":"Alexander Bondarenko, Ekaterina Shirshakova, and Matthias Hagen. A User Study on Clarifying Comparative Questions. In Proceedings of CHIIR 2022 . ACM."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.eacl-demos.36"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_11_1","unstructured":"Franccois Chollet et al. 2015. Keras. https:\/\/keras.io."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_12_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of ICLR","author":"Clark Kevin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kevin Clark, Minh-Thang Luong, Quoc V. Le, and Christopher D. Manning. ELECTRA: Pre-Training Text Encoders as Discriminators Rather Than Generators. In Proceedings of ICLR 2020. OpenReview.net."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_13_1","volume-title":"Kristina Toutanova. BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding. In Proceedings of NAACL-HLT 2019 . ACL, 4171--4186","author":"Devlin Jacob","unstructured":"Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, and Kristina Toutanova. BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding. In Proceedings of NAACL-HLT 2019 . ACL, 4171--4186."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_14_1","volume-title":"Automated Classification of Argument Stance in Student Essays: A Linguistically Motivated Approach with an Application for Supporting Argument Summarization . Dissertation","author":"Faulkner Adam Robert","unstructured":"Adam Robert Faulkner. 2014. Automated Classification of Argument Stance in Student Essays: A Linguistically Motivated Approach with an Application for Supporting Argument Summarization . Dissertation. City University of New York."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_15_1","volume-title":"Ferreira and Andreas Vlachos. Emergent: A Novel Data-set for Stance Classification. In Proceedings of NAACL-HLT 2016 . ACL, 1163--1168","author":"William","unstructured":"William Ferreira and Andreas Vlachos. Emergent: A Novel Data-set for Stance Classification. In Proceedings of NAACL-HLT 2016 . ACL, 1163--1168."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_16_1","volume-title":"Ganapathibhotla and Bing Liu. Mining Opinions in Comparative Sentences. In Proceedings of COLING","author":"Murthy","year":"2008","unstructured":"Murthy Ganapathibhotla and Bing Liu. Mining Opinions in Comparative Sentences. In Proceedings of COLING 2008. ACL, 241--248."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_17_1","volume-title":"Iryna Gurevych. A Retrospective Analysis of the Fake News Challenge Stance Detection Task. In Proceedings of COLING 2018 . ACL","author":"Hanselowski Andreas","unstructured":"Andreas Hanselowski, Avinesh P. V. S., Benjamin Schiller, Felix Caspelherr, Debanjan Chaudhuri, Christian M. Meyer, and Iryna Gurevych. A Retrospective Analysis of the Fake News Challenge Stance Detection Task. In Proceedings of COLING 2018 . ACL, 1859--1874."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_18_1","unstructured":"Shankar Iyer Nikhil Dandekar and Korn\u00e8l Csernai. 2017. First Quora Dataset Release: Question Pairs . Retrieved at https:\/\/data.quora.com\/First-Quora-Dataset-Release-Question-Pairs."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_19_1","volume-title":"Jindal and Bing Liu. Identifying Comparative Sentences in Text Documents. In Proceedings of SIGIR 2006 . ACM, 244--251","author":"Nitin","unstructured":"Nitin Jindal and Bing Liu. Identifying Comparative Sentences in Text Documents. In Proceedings of SIGIR 2006 . ACM, 244--251."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_20_1","volume-title":"Jindal and Bing Liu. Mining Comparative Sentences and Relations. In Proceedings of AAAI","author":"Nitin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nitin Jindal and Bing Liu. Mining Comparative Sentences and Relations. In Proceedings of AAAI 2006. AAAI Press, 1331--1336."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_21_1","first-page":"2242","article-title":"A Corpus of Comparisons","author":"Kessler Wiltrud","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wiltrud Kessler and Jonas Kuhn. A Corpus of Comparisons in Product Reviews. In Proceedings of LREC 2014. ELRA, 2242--2248.","journal-title":"Product Reviews. In Proceedings of LREC"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_22_1","volume-title":"Kessler and Jonas Kuhn. Detecting Comparative Sentiment Expressions - A Case Study in Annotation Design Decisions. In Proceedings of KONVENS 2014 . Universit\"a tsbibliothek Hildesheim, 165--170","author":"Wiltrud","unstructured":"Wiltrud Kessler and Jonas Kuhn. Detecting Comparative Sentiment Expressions - A Case Study in Annotation Design Decisions. In Proceedings of KONVENS 2014 . Universit\"a tsbibliothek Hildesheim, 165--170."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00276"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_24_1","volume-title":"Radu Soricut. ALBERT: A Lite BERT for Self-Supervised Learning of Language Representations. In Proceedings of ICLR","author":"Lan Zhenzhong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhenzhong Lan, Mingda Chen, Sebastian Goodman, Kevin Gimpel, Piyush Sharma, and Radu Soricut. ALBERT: A Lite BERT for Self-Supervised Learning of Language Representations. In Proceedings of ICLR 2020. OpenReview.net."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01638539009544763"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.703"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_27_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of ACL","author":"Li Shasha","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shasha Li, Chin-Yew Lin, Young-In Song, and Zhoujun Li. Comparable Entity Mining from Comparative Questions. In Proceedings of ACL 2010. ACL, 650--658."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_28_1","volume-title":"RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach . CoRR","author":"Liu Yinhan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yinhan Liu, Myle Ott, Naman Goyal, Jingfei Du, Mandar Joshi, Danqi Chen, Omer Levy, Mike Lewis, Luke Zettlemoyer, and Veselin Stoyanov. RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach . CoRR , Vol. abs\/1907.11692 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_29_1","volume-title":"Bing Liu. Entity-Aware Dependency-Based Deep Graph Attention Network for Comparative Preference Classification. In Proceedings of ACL","author":"Ma Nianzu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nianzu Ma, Sahisnu Mazumder, Hao Wang, and Bing Liu. Entity-Aware Dependency-Based Deep Graph Attention Network for Comparative Preference Classification. In Proceedings of ACL 2020. ACL, 5782--5788."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_30_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of SemEval@NAACL-HLT","author":"Mohammad Saif","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saif Mohammad, Svetlana Kiritchenko, Parinaz Sobhani, Xiao-Dan Zhu, and Colin Cherry. SemEval-2016 Task 6: Detecting Stance in Tweets . In Proceedings of SemEval@NAACL-HLT 2016. ACL, 31--41."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_31_1","volume-title":"Li Deng. MS MARCO: A Human Generated MAchine Reading COmprehension Dataset. In Proceedings of CoCo@NIPS","author":"Nguyen Tri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tri Nguyen, Mir Rosenberg, Xia Song, Jianfeng Gao, Saurabh Tiwary, Rangan Majumder, and Li Deng. MS MARCO: A Human Generated MAchine Reading COmprehension Dataset. In Proceedings of CoCo@NIPS 2016. CEUR-WS.org."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_32_1","volume-title":"Chris Biemann. Categorizing Comparative Sentences. In Proceedings of ArgMining@ACL","author":"Panchenko Alexander","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alexander Panchenko, Alexander Bondarenko, Mirco Franzek, Matthias Hagen, and Chris Biemann. Categorizing Comparative Sentences. In Proceedings of ArgMining@ACL 2019. ACL, 136--145."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1953048.2078195"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_34_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of EMNLP 2014 . ACL, 1532--1543","author":"Pennington Jeffrey","unstructured":"Jeffrey Pennington, Richard Socher, and Christopher D. Manning. GloVe: Global Vectors for Word Representation. In Proceedings of EMNLP 2014 . ACL, 1532--1543."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-demos.14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_36_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of EMNLP-IJCNLP","author":"Reimers Nils","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nils Reimers and Iryna Gurevych. Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks. In Proceedings of EMNLP-IJCNLP 2019. ACL, 3980--3990."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00349"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_38_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of CHIIR","author":"Matthias","year":"2019","unstructured":"Matthias Schildw\"a chter, Alexander Bondarenko, Julian Zenker, Matthias Hagen, Chris Biemann, and Alexander Panchenko. Answering Comparative Questions: Better than Ten-Blue-Links?. In Proceedings of CHIIR 2019. ACM, 361--365."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_39_1","volume-title":"Xiaodan Zhu. A Dataset for Multi-Target Stance Detection. In Proceedings of EACL 2017 . ACL, 551--557","author":"Sobhani Parinaz","unstructured":"Parinaz Sobhani, Diana Inkpen, and Xiaodan Zhu. A Dataset for Multi-Target Stance Detection. In Proceedings of EACL 2017 . ACL, 551--557."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_40_1","volume-title":"Somasundaran and Janyce Wiebe. Recognizing Stances in Ideological On-Line Debates. In Proceedings of CAAGET@NAACL-HLT","author":"Swapna","year":"2010","unstructured":"Swapna Somasundaran and Janyce Wiebe. Recognizing Stances in Ideological On-Line Debates. In Proceedings of CAAGET@NAACL-HLT 2010. ACL, 116--124."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D18-1402"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jos\/3.1-2.143"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_43_1","volume-title":"Noam Slonim. Multilingual Argument Mining: Datasets and Analysis. In Proceedings of EMNLP","author":"Toledo-Ronen Orith","year":"2020","unstructured":"Orith Toledo-Ronen, Matan Orbach, Yonatan Bilu, Artem Spector, and Noam Slonim. Multilingual Argument Mining: Datasets and Analysis. In Proceedings of EMNLP 2020. ACL, 303--317."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_44_1","unstructured":"Erica Turner and Lee Rainie. 2020. Most Americans Rely on Their Own Research to Make Big Decisions and That Often Means Online Searches . Retrieved at https:\/\/pewrsr.ch\/2VO7bQn."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.84.4.327"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-demos.6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_47_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of NeurIPS 2019 . Curran Associates, Inc., 5754--5764","author":"Yang Zhilin","unstructured":"Zhilin Yang, Zihang Dai, Yiming Yang, Jaime G. Carbonell, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, and Quoc V. Le. XLNet: Generalized Autoregressive Pretraining for Language Understanding. In Proceedings of NeurIPS 2019 . Curran Associates, Inc., 5754--5764."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D18-1259"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_49_1","volume-title":"Gord Lueck. Generating Clarifying Questions for Information Retrieval. In Proceedings of WWW","author":"Zamani Hamed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hamed Zamani, Susan T. Dumais, Nick Craswell, Paul N. Bennett, and Gord Lueck. Generating Clarifying Questions for Information Retrieval. In Proceedings of WWW 2020. ACM \/ IW3C2 , 418--428."}],"event":{"name":"WSDM '22: The Fifteenth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining","location":"Virtual Event AZ USA","acronym":"WSDM '22","sponsor":["SIGMOD ACM Special Interest Group on Management of Data","SIGWEB ACM Special Interest Group on Hypertext, Hypermedia, and Web","SIGKDD ACM Special Interest Group on Knowledge Discovery in Data","SIGIR ACM Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3488560.3498534","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3488560.3498534","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T19:31:20Z","timestamp":1750188680000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3488560.3498534"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3488560.3498534","10.1145\/3488560"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3488560.3498534","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-02-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}