{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T17:29:35Z","timestamp":1776101375908,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":51,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3517594","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]],"date-time":"2022-04-28T17:08:31Z","timestamp":1651165711000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Digital Proxemics: Designing Social and Collaborative Interaction in Virtual Environments"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Julie R.","family":"Williamson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"O'Hagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"John Alexis","family":"Guerra-Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, Northeastern University, United States"}]},{"given":"John H","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Cesar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), Netherlands"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Shamma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toyota Research Institute, United States"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1880071.1880101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2_1","volume-title":"IEEEVR2020: Exploring the First Steps Toward Standalone Virtual Conferences. Frontiers in Virtual Reality","author":"Ahn Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun Joo\u00a0(Grace) Ahn , Laura Levy , Allison Eden , Andrea\u00a0Stevenson Won , Blair MacIntyre , and Kyle Johnsen . 2021 . IEEEVR2020: Exploring the First Steps Toward Standalone Virtual Conferences. Frontiers in Virtual Reality 2, April (2021), 1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frvir.2021.648575 Sun Joo\u00a0(Grace) Ahn, Laura Levy, Allison Eden, Andrea\u00a0Stevenson Won, Blair MacIntyre, and Kyle Johnsen. 2021. IEEEVR2020: Exploring the First Steps Toward Standalone Virtual Conferences. Frontiers in Virtual Reality 2, April (2021), 1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frvir.2021.648575"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/105474601753272844"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/223904.223935"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/266838.266866"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VR.2018.8446480"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/238386.238404"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010069907461"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_9_1","volume-title":"CSCW","author":"Brown Barry","year":"2004","unstructured":"Barry Brown and Marek Bell . 2004 . CSCW at play : \u2018 There \u2019 as a collaborative virtual environment . In CSCW 2004. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 350\u2013359. Barry Brown and Marek Bell. 2004. CSCW at play : \u2018 There \u2019 as a collaborative virtual environment. In CSCW 2004. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 350\u2013359."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01409793"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1518701.1518877"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/351006.351010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74997-4_23"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_14_1","unstructured":"Thomas Funkhouser Nicolas Tsingos and Jean-Marc Jot. 2003. Survey of Methods for Modeling Sound Propagation in Interactive Virtual Environment Systems.  Thomas Funkhouser Nicolas Tsingos and Jean-Marc Jot. 2003. Survey of Methods for Modeling Sound Propagation in Interactive Virtual Environment Systems."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_15_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Spatial Hearing with Incongruent Visual or Auditory Room Cues","author":"Gil-Carvajal C.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Juan\u00a0 C. Gil-Carvajal , Jens Cubick , S\u00e9bastien Santurette , and Torsten Dau . 2016 . Spatial Hearing with Incongruent Visual or Auditory Room Cues . Scientific Reports 6 , November (2016), 1 \u2013 10 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep37342 Juan\u00a0C. Gil-Carvajal, Jens Cubick, S\u00e9bastien Santurette, and Torsten Dau. 2016. Spatial Hearing with Incongruent Visual or Auditory Room Cues. Scientific Reports 6, November (2016), 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep37342","journal-title":"Scientific Reports 6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_16_1","volume-title":"The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life","author":"Goffman Erving","year":"2089","unstructured":"Erving Goffman . 1959. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life . Doubleday , NY , USA. 259 pages. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/ 2089 106 Erving Goffman. 1959. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Doubleday, NY, USA. 259 pages. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2089106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_17_1","volume-title":"Behavior in Public Places: Notes on the Social Organization of Gatherings","author":"Goffman Erving","unstructured":"Erving Goffman . 1963. Behavior in Public Places: Notes on the Social Organization of Gatherings . Free Press of Glencoe , NY , USA. 248 pages. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4105254%0Ahttp:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=EM1NNzcR-V0C&pgis=1%5Cnhttp:\/\/should-i-read-this.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/pdfs\/Behavior in Public Places Notes on the Social Organization of Gatherings by Erving Goffman - Genius In The Erving Goffman. 1963. Behavior in Public Places: Notes on the Social Organization of Gatherings. Free Press of Glencoe, NY, USA. 248 pages. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4105254%0Ahttp:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=EM1NNzcR-V0C&pgis=1%5Cnhttp:\/\/should-i-read-this.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/pdfs\/Behavior in Public Places Notes on the Social Organization of Gatherings by Erving Goffman - Genius In The"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1897239.1897250"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01434994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_20_1","volume-title":"The Hidden Dimension : man\u2019s use of space in public and in private","author":"Hall Edward","unstructured":"Edward Hall . 1969. The Hidden Dimension : man\u2019s use of space in public and in private . Anchor Books , NY , USA. 217 pages. Edward Hall. 1969. The Hidden Dimension : man\u2019s use of space in public and in private. Anchor Books, NY, USA. 217 pages."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2018.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. Hillier and J. Hanson. 1988. The social logic of space. Cambridge University Press Cambridge UK. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9780429450174-9  B. Hillier and J. Hanson. 1988. The social logic of space. Cambridge University Press Cambridge UK. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9780429450174-9","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429450174-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_23_1","volume-title":"Evaluation of speech transmission channels by using artificial signals. Acta Acustica united with Acustica 25, 6","author":"Houtgast Tammo","year":"1971","unstructured":"Tammo Houtgast and Herman\u00a0 JM Steeneken . 1971. Evaluation of speech transmission channels by using artificial signals. Acta Acustica united with Acustica 25, 6 ( 1971 ), 355\u2013367. Tammo Houtgast and Herman\u00a0JM Steeneken. 1971. Evaluation of speech transmission channels by using artificial signals. Acta Acustica united with Acustica 25, 6 (1971), 355\u2013367."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_24_1","volume-title":"Conducting interaction. Patterns of behaviour in focused encounters","author":"Kendon Adam","unstructured":"Adam Kendon . 1990. Conducting interaction. Patterns of behaviour in focused encounters . Cambridge University Press , UK. 308 pages. http:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=7-8zAAAAIAAJ Adam Kendon. 1990. Conducting interaction. Patterns of behaviour in focused encounters. Cambridge University Press, UK. 308 pages. http:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=7-8zAAAAIAAJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VRW50115.2020.00101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_26_1","volume-title":"Social VR: A New Medium for Remote Communication and Collaboration. In Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. Association for Computing Machinery","author":"Li Jie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jie Li , Vinoba Vinayagamoorthy , Julie Williamson , David\u00a0 A. Shamma , and Pablo Cesar . 2021 . Social VR: A New Medium for Remote Communication and Collaboration. In Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. Association for Computing Machinery , New York, NY, USA, 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3411763.3441346 Jie Li, Vinoba Vinayagamoorthy, Julie Williamson, David\u00a0A. Shamma, and Pablo Cesar. 2021. Social VR: A New Medium for Remote Communication and Collaboration. In Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3411763.3441346"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1857893.1857896"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_28_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The building blocks of the full body ownership illusion","author":"Maselli Antonella","year":"2013","unstructured":"Antonella Maselli and Mel Slater . 2013 . The building blocks of the full body ownership illusion . Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 7 , March (2013), 1 \u2013 15 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00083 Antonella Maselli and Mel Slater. 2013. The building blocks of the full body ownership illusion. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 7, March (2013), 1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00083","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_29_1","volume-title":"Digital Proxemics","author":"McArthur A.","unstructured":"John\u00a0 A. McArthur . 2016. Digital Proxemics . Peter Lang International Academic Publishers , Berne ,Switzerland. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3726\/978-1-4539-1724-4 John\u00a0A. McArthur. 2016. Digital Proxemics. Peter Lang International Academic Publishers, Berne,Switzerland. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3726\/978-1-4539-1724-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_30_1","volume-title":"CHI \u201919","author":"McVeigh-Schultz Joshua","unstructured":"Joshua McVeigh-Schultz , Anya Kolesnichenko , and Katherine Isbister . 2019. Shaping Pro-Social Interaction in VR . In CHI \u201919 . Association for Computing Machinery , New York, NY, USA , 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3290605.3300794 Joshua McVeigh-Schultz, Anya Kolesnichenko, and Katherine Isbister. 2019. Shaping Pro-Social Interaction in VR. In CHI \u201919. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3290605.3300794"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17730\/humo.68.2.q673k16185u68v15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247818"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1180875.1180898"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_34_1","volume-title":"Human interactions and personal space in collaborative virtual environments. Virtual Reality 14, 4 (12","author":"Nassiri Nasser","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nasser Nassiri , Norman Powell , and David Moore . 2010. Human interactions and personal space in collaborative virtual environments. Virtual Reality 14, 4 (12 2010 ), 229\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10055-010-0169-3 Nasser Nassiri, Norman Powell, and David Moore. 2010. Human interactions and personal space in collaborative virtual environments. Virtual Reality 14, 4 (12 2010), 229\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10055-010-0169-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_35_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of Graphics Interface","author":"Neustaedter Carman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carman Neustaedter and Elena Fedorovskaya . 2009 . Presenting identity in a virtual world through avatar appearances . In Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2009. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 183\u2013190. http:\/\/portal.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=1555921 Carman Neustaedter and Elena Fedorovskaya. 2009. Presenting identity in a virtual world through avatar appearances. In Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2009. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 183\u2013190. http:\/\/portal.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=1555921"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3281505.3281523"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VR.2019.8797773"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3206505.3206569"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_39_1","volume-title":"Beyond Replication: Augmenting Social Behaviors in Multi-User Virtual Realities. In 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). IEEE, NJ, USA, 215\u2013222","author":"Roth Daniel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Daniel Roth , Constantin Klelnbeck , Tobias Feigl , Christopher Mutschler , and Marc\u00a0Erich Latoschik . 2018 . Beyond Replication: Augmenting Social Behaviors in Multi-User Virtual Realities. In 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). IEEE, NJ, USA, 215\u2013222 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/VR.2018.8447550 Daniel Roth, Constantin Klelnbeck, Tobias Feigl, Christopher Mutschler, and Marc\u00a0Erich Latoschik. 2018. Beyond Replication: Augmenting Social Behaviors in Multi-User Virtual Realities. In 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). IEEE, NJ, USA, 215\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/VR.2018.8447550"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.15.6.655"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VR46266.2020.00031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_42_1","volume-title":"Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings","author":"Tanenbaum Theresa\u00a0Jean","unstructured":"Theresa\u00a0Jean Tanenbaum , Nazely Hartoonian , and Jeffrey Bryan . 2020. \u201d how do i make this thing smile?\u201d: An Inventory of Expressive Nonverbal Communication in Commercial Social Virtual Reality Platforms . In Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings . Association for Computing Machinery , New York, NY, USA , 1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3313831.3376606 Theresa\u00a0Jean Tanenbaum, Nazely Hartoonian, and Jeffrey Bryan. 2020. \u201dhow do i make this thing smile?\u201d: An Inventory of Expressive Nonverbal Communication in Commercial Social Virtual Reality Platforms. In Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3313831.3376606"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0002942"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2010.2060351"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alessandro Vinciarelli Hugues Salamin Anna Polychroniou Gelareh Mohammadi and Antonio Origlia. 2012. From nonverbal cues to perception: Personality and social attractiveness. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 7403 LNCS (2012) 60\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-34584-5_5  Alessandro Vinciarelli Hugues Salamin Anna Polychroniou Gelareh Mohammadi and Antonio Origlia. 2012. From nonverbal cues to perception: Personality and social attractiveness. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 7403 LNCS (2012) 60\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-34584-5_5","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-34584-5_5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_46_1","volume-title":"The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces. Washington","author":"Whyte H.","year":"2010","unstructured":"William\u00a0 H. Whyte . 1982. The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces. Washington , D.C : Conservation Foundation, USA. 466\u2013468 pages. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/089124168 2010 00411 William\u00a0H. Whyte. 1982. The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces. Washington, D.C: Conservation Foundation, USA. 466\u2013468 pages. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/089124168201000411"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1190036.1190041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445729"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3242671.3242684"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.124.3.243"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3419249.3420112"}],"event":{"name":"CHI '22: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","location":"New Orleans LA USA","acronym":"CHI '22","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3491102.3517594","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3491102.3517594","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T19:31:14Z","timestamp":1750188674000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3491102.3517594"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3491102.3517594","10.1145\/3491102"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3491102.3517594","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]]}}}