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Beyond simply teaching hands-on skills like sketching and programming, instructors also use these activities so students can acquire tacit skills. Yet, current video-conferencing technologies may not effectively support hands-on activities in online teaching contexts. To develop an understanding of the inadequacies of current video-conferencing technologies for hands-on activities, we conducted 15 interviews with university-level instructors who had quickly pivoted their use of hands-on activities to an online context during the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on our analysis, we uncovered four pedagogical goals that instructors have when using hands-on activities online and how instructors were unable to adequately address them due to the technological limitations of current video-conferencing tools. Our work provides empirical data about the challenges that many instructors experienced, and in so doing, the pedagogical goals we identify provide new requirements for video-conferencing systems to better support hands-on activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3492829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]],"date-time":"2022-01-14T21:26:16Z","timestamp":1642195576000},"page":"1-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Toward Video-Conferencing Tools for Hands-On Activities in Online Teaching"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Audrey","family":"Labrie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}]},{"given":"Terrance","family":"Mok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Lui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada"}]},{"given":"Lora","family":"Oehlberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"}]},{"given":"Lev","family":"Poretski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Alavi and Pierre Dillenbourg","author":"Hamed","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hamed S. 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