{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T05:43:27Z","timestamp":1768455807554,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":59,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3493612.3520449","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T22:18:27Z","timestamp":1651097907000},"page":"1-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Toward supporting quality alt text in computing publications"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Candace","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lilian","family":"de Greef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apple Inc."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Ed","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apple Inc."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leah","family":"Findlater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apple Inc."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Pavel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apple Inc."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apple Inc."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1_1","volume-title":"60--69","author":"Agrawala Maneesh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Maneesh Agrawala , Wilmot Li , and Floraine Berthouzoz . \" Design principles for visual communication.\" Communications of the ACM 54.4 ( 2011 ): 60--69 . Maneesh Agrawala, Wilmot Li, and Floraine Berthouzoz. \"Design principles for visual communication.\" Communications of the ACM 54.4 (2011): 60--69."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2_1","unstructured":"Apple. Use VoiceOver Recognition on your iPhone or iPad. Retrieved 1\/6\/2022 from https:\/\/support.apple.com\/en-sa\/HT211899  Apple. Use VoiceOver Recognition on your iPhone or iPad. Retrieved 1\/6\/2022 from https:\/\/support.apple.com\/en-sa\/HT211899"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_3_1","unstructured":"Apple Developer Documentation. Audio Graphs. Retrieved 1\/6\/2022 from https:\/\/developer.apple.com\/documentation\/accessibility\/audio_graphs  Apple Developer Documentation. Audio Graphs. Retrieved 1\/6\/2022 from https:\/\/developer.apple.com\/documentation\/accessibility\/audio_graphs"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_4_1","volume-title":"22--27","author":"Barrett Terry","year":"1988","unstructured":"Terry Barrett . \" A comparison of the goals of studio professors conducting critiques and art education goals for teaching criticism.\" Studies in art education 30.1 ( 1988 ): 22--27 . Terry Barrett. \"A comparison of the goals of studio professors conducting critiques and art education goals for teaching criticism.\" Studies in art education 30.1 (1988): 22--27."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1866029.1866080"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_7_1","volume-title":"Workshops at the Twenty-Fourth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI Workshops '10)","author":"Burns Richard","year":"2010","unstructured":"Richard Burns , Sandra Carberry , and Stephanie Elzer . 2010 . Visual and Spatial Factors in a Bayesian Reasoning Framework for the Recognition of Intended Messages in Grouped Bar Charts . In Workshops at the Twenty-Fourth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI Workshops '10) . Available at https:\/\/www.aaai.org\/ocs\/index.php\/WS\/AAAIW10\/paper\/view\/ 2017\/2428 Richard Burns, Sandra Carberry, and Stephanie Elzer. 2010. Visual and Spatial Factors in a Bayesian Reasoning Framework for the Recognition of Intended Messages in Grouped Bar Charts. In Workshops at the Twenty-Fourth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI Workshops '10). Available at https:\/\/www.aaai.org\/ocs\/index.php\/WS\/AAAIW10\/paper\/view\/2017\/2428"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_8_1","volume-title":"Writing Alt Text for Data Visualization. (July","author":"Cesal Amy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amy Cesal . 2020. Writing Alt Text for Data Visualization. (July 2020 ). Retrieved December 2, 2021 from https:\/\/medium.com\/nightingale\/writing-alt-text-for-data-visualization-2a218ef43f81 Amy Cesal. 2020. Writing Alt Text for Data Visualization. (July 2020). Retrieved December 2, 2021 from https:\/\/medium.com\/nightingale\/writing-alt-text-for-data-visualization-2a218ef43f81"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_9_1","volume-title":"Data visualization guidelines. (December","author":"Design System CFPB","year":"2021","unstructured":"CFPB Design System . 2021. Data visualization guidelines. (December 2021 ). Retreived December 2, 2021 from https:\/\/cfpb.github.io\/design-system\/guidelines\/data-visualization-guidelines CFPB Design System. 2021. Data visualization guidelines. (December 2021). Retreived December 2, 2021 from https:\/\/cfpb.github.io\/design-system\/guidelines\/data-visualization-guidelines"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV45572.2020.9093592"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_11_1","unstructured":"CHI 2019. Guide to an Accessible Submission. Retrieved 1\/6\/2022 from https:\/\/chi2019.acm.org\/authors\/papers\/guide-to-an-accessible-submission\/  CHI 2019. Guide to an Accessible Submission. Retrieved 1\/6\/2022 from https:\/\/chi2019.acm.org\/authors\/papers\/guide-to-an-accessible-submission\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_12_1","unstructured":"CHI 2020. Guide to an Accessible Submission. Retrieved 1\/6\/2022 from https:\/\/chi2020.acm.org\/authors\/papers\/guide-to-an-accessible-submission\/  CHI 2020. Guide to an Accessible Submission. Retrieved 1\/6\/2022 from https:\/\/chi2020.acm.org\/authors\/papers\/guide-to-an-accessible-submission\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_13_1","unstructured":"CHI 2021. Guide to an Accessible Submission. Retrieved 1\/6\/22 from https:\/\/chi2021.acm.org\/for-authors\/presenting\/papers\/guide-to-an-accessible-submission  CHI 2021. Guide to an Accessible Submission. Retrieved 1\/6\/22 from https:\/\/chi2021.acm.org\/for-authors\/presenting\/papers\/guide-to-an-accessible-submission"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_14_1","unstructured":"CHI 2021. Making Your Final PDF Accessible. Retrieved 1\/6\/2022 from https:\/\/chi2021.acm.org\/for-authors\/presenting\/papers\/making-your-final-pdf-accessible  CHI 2021. Making Your Final PDF Accessible. Retrieved 1\/6\/2022 from https:\/\/chi2021.acm.org\/for-authors\/presenting\/papers\/making-your-final-pdf-accessible"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.13686"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deanna P. Dannels and Kelly Norris Martin. \"Critiquing critiques: A genre analysis of feedback across novice to expert design studios.\" Journal of Business and Technical Communication 22.2 (2008): 135--159.  Deanna P. Dannels and Kelly Norris Martin. \"Critiquing critiques: A genre analysis of feedback across novice to expert design studios.\" Journal of Business and Technical Communication 22.2 (2008): 135--159.","DOI":"10.1177\/1050651907311923"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/COLI_a_00091"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_18_1","volume-title":"Image Description Guidelines. Retrieved","author":"The Diagram Center","year":"2021","unstructured":"The Diagram Center . Image Description Guidelines. Retrieved December 1, 2021 from http:\/\/diagramcenter.org\/table-of-contents-2.html The Diagram Center. Image Description Guidelines. Retrieved December 1, 2021 from http:\/\/diagramcenter.org\/table-of-contents-2.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_19_1","unstructured":"The Diagram Center. Poet Image Description Tool. Retrieved 1\/6\/2022 from http:\/\/diagramcenter.org\/poet.html  The Diagram Center. Poet Image Description Tool. Retrieved 1\/6\/2022 from http:\/\/diagramcenter.org\/poet.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1296843.1296857"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2533682.2533683"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_22_1","unstructured":"Matthew Fisher Vineet Agarwal and Tarun Beri. 2021. Automatic Hierarchical Arrangement of Vector Designs. (2021).  Matthew Fisher Vineet Agarwal and Tarun Beri. 2021. Automatic Hierarchical Arrangement of Vector Designs. (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_23_1","unstructured":"Joseph Fleiss. \"Statistical methods for rates and proportions.\" Statistical methods for rates and proportions. 1981. 321--321.  Joseph Fleiss. \"Statistical methods for rates and proportions.\" Statistical methods for rates and proportions. 1981. 321--321."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3174092"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3308558.3313605"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3308561.3353792"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376728"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_28_1","volume-title":"Trisha O'Connell and Geoff Freed","author":"Gould Bryan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bryan Gould , Trisha O'Connell and Geoff Freed . 2008 . Effective Practices for Description of Science Content within Digital Talking Book (December 2008). In The WGBH National Center for Accessible Media (NCAM) . Retrieved December 2, 2021 from http:\/\/ncamftp.wgbh.org\/ncam-old-site\/experience_learn\/educational_media\/stemdx.html Bryan Gould, Trisha O'Connell and Geoff Freed. 2008. Effective Practices for Description of Science Content within Digital Talking Book (December 2008). In The WGBH National Center for Accessible Media (NCAM). Retrieved December 2, 2021 from http:\/\/ncamftp.wgbh.org\/ncam-old-site\/experience_learn\/educational_media\/stemdx.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2021.3114846"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2512349.2512801"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2021.3114770"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3441852.3471207"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025814"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_34_1","unstructured":"Microsoft. Seeing AI App from Microsoft. Retrieved 1\/6\/2022 from https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/ai\/seeing-ai  Microsoft. Seeing AI App from Microsoft. Retrieved 1\/6\/2022 from https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/ai\/seeing-ai"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2461121.2461123"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2661334.2661368"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2764916"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173633"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3379337.3415864"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3441852.3471234"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_41_1","volume-title":"Accessibility and Usability at Penn State: Charts & Accessibility. Retrieved","author":"Pennsylvania State University","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pennsylvania State University . 2021. Accessibility and Usability at Penn State: Charts & Accessibility. Retrieved December 2, 2021 from https:\/\/accessibility.psu.edu\/images\/charts\/ Pennsylvania State University. 2021. Accessibility and Usability at Penn State: Charts & Accessibility. Retrieved December 2, 2021 from https:\/\/accessibility.psu.edu\/images\/charts\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_42_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Natural Language Generation (INLG '20)","author":"Obeid Jason","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jason Obeid , Enamel Hoque . 2020 . Chart-to-Text: Generating Natural Language Descriptions for Charts by Adapting the Transformer Model . In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Natural Language Generation (INLG '20) . Association for Computational Linguistics, 138--147 Jason Obeid, Enamel Hoque. 2020. Chart-to-Text: Generating Natural Language Descriptions for Charts by Adapting the Transformer Model. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Natural Language Generation (INLG '20). Association for Computational Linguistics, 138--147"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3308561.3353808"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_44_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of Human Computer Interaction International (HCII '05)","author":"Petrie Helen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Helen Petrie , Chandra Harrison , and Sundeep Dev . 2005 . Describing images on the web: a survey of current practice and prospects for the future . In Proceedings of Human Computer Interaction International (HCII '05) 71 Helen Petrie, Chandra Harrison, and Sundeep Dev. 2005. Describing images on the web: a survey of current practice and prospects for the future. In Proceedings of Human Computer Interaction International (HCII '05) 71"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.13193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3441852.3476521"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/hcomp.v5i1.13301"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_48_1","unstructured":"SAS. SAS Graphics Accelerator. Retrieved 1\/6\/2022 from https:\/\/chrome.google.com\/webstore\/detail\/sas-graphics-accelerator\/ockmipfaiiahknplinepcaogdillgoko?hl=en  SAS. SAS Graphics Accelerator. Retrieved 1\/6\/2022 from https:\/\/chrome.google.com\/webstore\/detail\/sas-graphics-accelerator\/ockmipfaiiahknplinepcaogdillgoko?hl=en"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2047196.2047247"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3441852.3471202"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_51_1","unstructured":"Bruno Splendiani Mireia Ribera and Miquel Centelles Velilla. 2014. Are figures accessible in mathematics academic journals?. Comunicaci\u00f3 presentada a: 29th Annual International Technology and Persons with Disabilities Conference (San Diego CA USA) (CSUN '14).  Bruno Splendiani Mireia Ribera and Miquel Centelles Velilla. 2014. Are figures accessible in mathematics academic journals?. Comunicaci\u00f3 presentada a: 29th Annual International Technology and Persons with Disabilities Conference (San Diego CA USA) (CSUN '14)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376404"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3441852.3471233"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_54_1","volume-title":"Describing Figures","author":"Trewin Shari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shari Trewin . 2019. Describing Figures . In Special Intrest Group on Accessible Computing (SIGACCESS) Resources. Retrieved on December 21, 2021 from https:\/\/www.sigaccess.org\/welcome-to-sigaccess\/resources\/describing-figures\/ Shari Trewin. 2019. Describing Figures. In Special Intrest Group on Accessible Computing (SIGACCESS) Resources. Retrieved on December 21, 2021 from https:\/\/www.sigaccess.org\/welcome-to-sigaccess\/resources\/describing-figures\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_55_1","volume-title":"Web Accessibility Tutorials: Guidance on how to create websites that meet WCAG (July","author":"Initiative C Web Accessibility","year":"2019","unstructured":"W3 C Web Accessibility Initiative . 2019. Web Accessibility Tutorials: Guidance on how to create websites that meet WCAG (July 2019 ). Retrieved December 2, 2021 from https:\/\/www.w3.org\/WAI\/tutorials\/images\/complex\/ W3C Web Accessibility Initiative. 2019. Web Accessibility Tutorials: Guidance on how to create websites that meet WCAG (July 2019). Retrieved December 2, 2021 from https:\/\/www.w3.org\/WAI\/tutorials\/images\/complex\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2466473"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_57_1","unstructured":"Web Accessibility in Mind (WebAIM). Alternative Text. Retrieved 1\/6\/2022 from https:\/\/webaim.org\/techniques\/alttext\/  Web Accessibility in Mind (WebAIM). Alternative Text. Retrieved 1\/6\/2022 from https:\/\/webaim.org\/techniques\/alttext\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_58_1","volume-title":"The WebAIM Million: An annual accessibility analysis of the top 1,000,000 home pages. (April","author":"Web Accessibility","year":"2021","unstructured":"Web Accessibility in Mind (WebAIM). 2021. The WebAIM Million: An annual accessibility analysis of the top 1,000,000 home pages. (April 2021 ). Retrieved on December 2, 2021 from https:\/\/webaim.org\/projects\/million\/ Web Accessibility in Mind (WebAIM). 2021. The WebAIM Million: An annual accessibility analysis of the top 1,000,000 home pages. (April 2021). Retrieved on December 2, 2021 from https:\/\/webaim.org\/projects\/million\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2998181.2998364"}],"event":{"name":"W4A'22: 19th Web for All Conference","location":"Lyon France","acronym":"W4A'22","sponsor":["SIGWEB ACM Special Interest Group on Hypertext, Hypermedia, and Web","SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction","SIGACCESS ACM Special Interest Group on Accessible Computing"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 19th International Web for All Conference"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3493612.3520449","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3493612.3520449","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T17:49:19Z","timestamp":1750268959000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3493612.3520449"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3493612.3520449","10.1145\/3493612"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3493612.3520449","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-04-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}