{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T08:29:10Z","timestamp":1769329750886,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":41,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]],"date-time":"2022-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2016K1A1A2912757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2016K1A1A2912757"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3494108.3522769","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T04:10:26Z","timestamp":1653365426000},"page":"19-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Understanding the Security of Free Content Websites by Analyzing their SSL Certificates"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Abdulrahman","family":"Alabduljabbar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Runyu","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soohyeon","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rhongho","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Songqing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Mohaisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3460120.3485335"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2_1","volume-title":"TLDR: Deep Learning-Based Automated Privacy Policy Annotation with Key Policy Highlights. In ACM Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society (WPES'21)","author":"Alabduljabbar Abdulrahman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdulrahman Alabduljabbar , Ahmed Abusnaina , \u00dc lk\u00fc Meteriz-Yildiran, and David Mohaisen . 2021 b . TLDR: Deep Learning-Based Automated Privacy Policy Annotation with Key Policy Highlights. In ACM Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society (WPES'21) . ACM, 103--118. Abdulrahman Alabduljabbar, Ahmed Abusnaina, \u00dc lk\u00fc Meteriz-Yildiran, and David Mohaisen. 2021 b. TLDR: Deep Learning-Based Automated Privacy Policy Annotation with Key Policy Highlights. In ACM Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society (WPES'21). ACM, 103--118."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_3_1","volume-title":"Poster: Measuring and Assessing the Risks of Free Content Websites. In Network and Distributed System Security Symposium, (NDSS'22)","author":"Alabduljabbar Abdulrahman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdulrahman Alabduljabbar , Runyu Ma , Sultan Alshamrani , Rhongho Jang , Songqing Chen , and David Mohaisen . 2022 . Poster: Measuring and Assessing the Risks of Free Content Websites. In Network and Distributed System Security Symposium, (NDSS'22) , San Diego, California, April 24--28 , 2022. The Internet Society. Abdulrahman Alabduljabbar, Runyu Ma, Sultan Alshamrani, Rhongho Jang, Songqing Chen, and David Mohaisen. 2022. Poster: Measuring and Assessing the Risks of Free Content Websites. In Network and Distributed System Security Symposium, (NDSS'22), San Diego, California, April 24--28, 2022. The Internet Society."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_4_1","volume-title":"Companion Proceedings of the Web Conference 2022 .","author":"Alabduljabbar Abdulrahman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdulrahman Alabduljabbar and David Mohaisen . 2022 . Measuring the Privacy Dimension of Free Content Websites through Automated Privacy Policy Analysis and Annotation . In Companion Proceedings of the Web Conference 2022 . Abdulrahman Alabduljabbar and David Mohaisen. 2022. Measuring the Privacy Dimension of Free Content Websites through Automated Privacy Policy Analysis and Annotation. In Companion Proceedings of the Web Conference 2022 ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2872518.2888610"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NCG.2018.8592962"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_7_1","unstructured":"APIVoid. 2022. A framework provides JSON APIs useful for cyber threat analysis threat detection and prevention . https:\/\/app.apivoid.com\/  APIVoid. 2022. A framework provides JSON APIs useful for cyber threat analysis threat detection and prevention . https:\/\/app.apivoid.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2660267.2660338"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_9_1","volume-title":"Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference, UEMCON 2017","author":"Berkowsky Jake","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jake Berkowsky and Thaier Hayajneh . 2017 . Security issues with certificate authorities. In 8th IEEE Annual Ubiquitous Computing , Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference, UEMCON 2017 , New York City, NY, USA, October 19--21 , 2017. IEEE , 449--455. Jake Berkowsky and Thaier Hayajneh. 2017. Security issues with certificate authorities. In 8th IEEE Annual Ubiquitous Computing, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference, UEMCON 2017, New York City, NY, USA, October 19--21, 2017. IEEE , 449--455."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_10_1","first-page":"1449","article-title":"E-commerce trends during COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"13","author":"Bhatti Anam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anam Bhatti , Hamza Akram , Hafiz Muhammad Basit , Ahmed Usman Khan , Syeda Mahwish Raza , and Muhammad Bilal Naqvi . 2020 . E-commerce trends during COVID-19 Pandemic . International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking , Vol. 13 , 2 (2020), 1449 -- 1452 . Anam Bhatti, Hamza Akram, Hafiz Muhammad Basit, Ahmed Usman Khan, Syeda Mahwish Raza, and Muhammad Bilal Naqvi. 2020. E-commerce trends during COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking , Vol. 13, 2 (2020), 1449--1452.","journal-title":"International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_11_1","volume-title":"IMC '20: ACM Internet Measurement Conference","author":"Timm B\u00f6","year":"2020","unstructured":"Timm B\u00f6 ttger, Ghida Ibrahim , and Ben Vallis . 2020 . How the Internet reacted to Covid-19: A perspective from Facebook's Edge Network . In IMC '20: ACM Internet Measurement Conference , Virtual Event, USA, October 27--29 , 2020. ACM, 34--41. Timm B\u00f6 ttger, Ghida Ibrahim, and Ben Vallis. 2020. How the Internet reacted to Covid-19: A perspective from Facebook's Edge Network. In IMC '20: ACM Internet Measurement Conference, Virtual Event, USA, October 27--29, 2020. ACM, 34--41."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17512786.2012.667267"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2786805.2786835"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2987443.2987454"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_15_1","volume-title":"SoK: SSL and HTTPS: Revisiting Past Challenges and Evaluating Certificate Trust Model Enhancements. In 2013 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, SP 2013","author":"Clark Jeremy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jeremy Clark and Paul C . van Oorschot. 2013 . SoK: SSL and HTTPS: Revisiting Past Challenges and Evaluating Certificate Trust Model Enhancements. In 2013 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, SP 2013 , Berkeley, CA, USA, May 19--22 , 2013 . IEEE Computer Society, 511--525. Jeremy Clark and Paul C. van Oorschot. 2013. SoK: SSL and HTTPS: Revisiting Past Challenges and Evaluating Certificate Trust Model Enhancements. In 2013 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, SP 2013, Berkeley, CA, USA, May 19--22, 2013. IEEE Computer Society, 511--525."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102171"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_17_1","volume-title":"et almbox","author":"Elhadi Muhammed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Muhammed Elhadi , Ahmed Alsoufi , Ahmed Msherghi , Entisar Alshareea , Aimen Ashini , Taha Nagib , Nada Abuzid , Sanabel Abodabos , Hind Alrifai , Eman Gresea , et almbox . 2021 . Psychological health, sleep quality, behavior, and internet use among people during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Frontiers in psychiatry , Vol. 12 (2021). Muhammed Elhadi, Ahmed Alsoufi, Ahmed Msherghi, Entisar Alshareea, Aimen Ashini, Taha Nagib, Nada Abuzid, Sanabel Abodabos, Hind Alrifai, Eman Gresea, et almbox. 2021. Psychological health, sleep quality, behavior, and internet use among people during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Frontiers in psychiatry , Vol. 12 (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_18_1","volume-title":"The Lockdown Effect: Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Internet Traffic. In IMC '20: ACM Internet Measurement Conference","author":"Feldmann Anja","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anja Feldmann , Oliver Gasser , Franziska Lichtblau , Enric Pujol , Ingmar Poese , Christoph Dietzel , Daniel Wagner , Matthias Wichtlhuber , Juan Tapiador , Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez , Oliver Hohlfeld , and Georgios Smaragdakis . 2020 . The Lockdown Effect: Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Internet Traffic. In IMC '20: ACM Internet Measurement Conference , Virtual Event, USA, October 27--29 , 2020 . ACM, 1--18. Anja Feldmann, Oliver Gasser, Franziska Lichtblau, Enric Pujol, Ingmar Poese, Christoph Dietzel, Daniel Wagner, Matthias Wichtlhuber, Juan Tapiador, Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez, Oliver Hohlfeld, and Georgios Smaragdakis. 2020. The Lockdown Effect: Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Internet Traffic. In IMC '20: ACM Internet Measurement Conference, Virtual Event, USA, October 27--29, 2020 . ACM, 1--18."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/I-SMAC49090.2020.9243379"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3102304.3102331"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_21_1","volume-title":"VALA 2012: eM-powering eFutures","author":"Greenhill Kathryn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kathryn Greenhill and Constance Wiebrands . 2012 . No library required: the free and easy backwaters of online content sharing . VALA 2012: eM-powering eFutures (2012). Kathryn Greenhill and Constance Wiebrands. 2012. No library required: the free and easy backwaters of online content sharing. VALA 2012: eM-powering eFutures (2012)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/52.744568"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_23_1","volume-title":"Analyzing Forged SSL Certificates in the Wild. In 2014 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, SP 2014","author":"Huang Lin-Shung","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lin-Shung Huang , Alex Rice , Erling Ellingsen , and Collin Jackson . 2014 . Analyzing Forged SSL Certificates in the Wild. In 2014 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, SP 2014 , Berkeley, CA, USA, May 18--21 , 2014. IEEE Computer Society, 83--97. Lin-Shung Huang, Alex Rice, Erling Ellingsen, and Collin Jackson. 2014. Analyzing Forged SSL Certificates in the Wild. In 2014 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, SP 2014, Berkeley, CA, USA, May 18--21, 2014. IEEE Computer Society, 83--97."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3433210.3453100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3133956.3133958"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_26_1","volume-title":"27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)","author":"Kim Doowon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Doowon Kim , Bum Jun Kwon , Kristi\u00e1n Koz\u00e1k , Christopher Gates , and Tudor Dumitra?. 2018 . The Broken Shield: Measuring Revocation Effectiveness in the Windows code-signing PKI . In 27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18) . 851--868. Doowon Kim, Bum Jun Kwon, Kristi\u00e1n Koz\u00e1k, Christopher Gates, and Tudor Dumitra?. 2018. The Broken Shield: Measuring Revocation Effectiveness in the Windows code-signing PKI. In 27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18). 851--868."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su122410247"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_28_1","volume-title":"Certified Malware in South Korea: A Localized Study of Breaches of Trust in Code-Signing PKI Ecosystem. In International Conference on Information and Communications Security. Springer, 59--77","author":"Kwon Bumjun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bumjun Kwon , Sanghyun Hong , Yuseok Jeon , and Doowon Kim . 2021 . Certified Malware in South Korea: A Localized Study of Breaches of Trust in Code-Signing PKI Ecosystem. In International Conference on Information and Communications Security. Springer, 59--77 . Bumjun Kwon, Sanghyun Hong, Yuseok Jeon, and Doowon Kim. 2021. Certified Malware in South Korea: A Localized Study of Breaches of Trust in Code-Signing PKI Ecosystem. In International Conference on Information and Communications Security. Springer, 59--77."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_29_1","volume-title":"10th International Conference on Cyber Conflict, CyCon 2018","author":"Lavrenovs Arturs","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arturs Lavrenovs and F. Jesus Rubio Melon. 2018. HTTP security headers analysis of top one million websites . In 10th International Conference on Cyber Conflict, CyCon 2018 , Tallinn, Estonia, May 29 - June 1, 2018 . IEEE, 345--370. Arturs Lavrenovs and F. Jesus Rubio Melon. 2018. HTTP security headers analysis of top one million websites. In 10th International Conference on Cyber Conflict, CyCon 2018, Tallinn, Estonia, May 29 - June 1, 2018 . IEEE, 345--370."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2382196.2382267"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_31_1","volume-title":"Exposing the Hidden Web: An Analysis of Third-Party HTTP Requests on 1 Million Websites. CoRR","author":"Libert Timothy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Timothy Libert . 2015. Exposing the Hidden Web: An Analysis of Third-Party HTTP Requests on 1 Million Websites. CoRR , Vol. abs\/ 1511 .00619 ( 2015 ). Timothy Libert. 2015. Exposing the Hidden Web: An Analysis of Third-Party HTTP Requests on 1 Million Websites. CoRR , Vol. abs\/1511.00619 (2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_32_1","volume-title":"Fifteenth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security, SOUPS 2019","author":"Meyer Ulrike","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ulrike Meyer and Vincent Drury . 2019 . Certified Phishing: Taking a Look at Public Key Certificates of Phishing Websites . In Fifteenth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security, SOUPS 2019 , Santa Clara, CA, USA, August 11--13 , 2019. USENIX Association. Ulrike Meyer and Vincent Drury. 2019. Certified Phishing: Taking a Look at Public Key Certificates of Phishing Websites. In Fifteenth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security, SOUPS 2019, Santa Clara, CA, USA, August 11--13, 2019. USENIX Association."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_33_1","first-page":"324","article-title":"Harvesting SSL Certificate Data to Identify Web-Fraud","volume":"14","author":"Mishari Mishari Al","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mishari Al Mishari , Emiliano De Cristofaro , Karim M. El Defrawy , and Gene Tsudik . 2012 . Harvesting SSL Certificate Data to Identify Web-Fraud . Int. J. Netw. Secur. , Vol. 14 , 6 (2012), 324 -- 338 . Mishari Al Mishari, Emiliano De Cristofaro, Karim M. El Defrawy, and Gene Tsudik. 2012. Harvesting SSL Certificate Data to Identify Web-Fraud. Int. J. Netw. Secur. , Vol. 14, 6 (2012), 324--338.","journal-title":"Int. J. Netw. Secur."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_34_1","volume-title":"Changes in internet use when coping with stress: older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. The American journal of geriatric psychiatry","author":"Nimrod Galit","year":"2020","unstructured":"Galit Nimrod . 2020. Changes in internet use when coping with stress: older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. The American journal of geriatric psychiatry , Vol. 28 , 10 ( 2020 ), 1020--1024. Galit Nimrod. 2020. Changes in internet use when coping with stress: older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. The American journal of geriatric psychiatry , Vol. 28, 10 (2020), 1020--1024."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_35_1","unstructured":"OpenSSL. 2022. A robust commercial-grade full-featured Open Source Toolkit for the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol . https:\/\/www.openssl.org\/  OpenSSL. 2022. A robust commercial-grade full-featured Open Source Toolkit for the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol . https:\/\/www.openssl.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_36_1","volume-title":"COVID-19 and digital resilience: Evidence from Uber Eats. arXiv preprint arXiv:2006.07204","author":"Raj Manav","year":"2020","unstructured":"Manav Raj , Arun Sundararajan , and Calum You . 2020. COVID-19 and digital resilience: Evidence from Uber Eats. arXiv preprint arXiv:2006.07204 ( 2020 ). Manav Raj, Arun Sundararajan, and Calum You. 2020. COVID-19 and digital resilience: Evidence from Uber Eats. arXiv preprint arXiv:2006.07204 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-70697-9_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/eCrime47957.2019.9037576"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1087\/20100403"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2020.110609"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2663716.2663758"}],"event":{"name":"ASIA CCS '22: ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security","location":"Nagasaki Japan","acronym":"ASIA CCS '22","sponsor":["SIGSAC ACM Special Interest Group on Security, Audit, and Control"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Cybersecurity and Social Sciences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3494108.3522769","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3494108.3522769","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T19:30:45Z","timestamp":1750188645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3494108.3522769"}},"subtitle":["A Comparative Study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3494108.3522769","10.1145\/3494108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3494108.3522769","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-05-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}