{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T10:10:15Z","timestamp":1760609415270,"version":"3.41.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":40,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3497777.3498551","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T23:04:12Z","timestamp":1639436652000},"page":"56-63","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Twitch\u2019s CDN as an Open Population Ecosystem"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Wei-Shiang","family":"Wung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NTU, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guan-Ting","family":"Ting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NTU, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruey-Tzer","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NTU, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NTU, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chien","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NTU, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caleb","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NTU, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Tai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NTU, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NTU, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Polly","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NTU, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM. 2521\u20132525","author":"Adhikari K.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"V.\u00a0 K. Adhikari , S. Jain , Y. Chen , and Z. Zhang . 2012. Vivisecting YouTube: An active measurement study . In 2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM. 2521\u20132525 . V.\u00a0K. Adhikari, S. Jain, Y. Chen, and Z. Zhang. 2012. Vivisecting YouTube: An active measurement study. In 2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM. 2521\u20132525."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Adobe. 2012. Adobe\u2019s Real Time Messaging Protocol. https:\/\/www.adobe.com\/devnet\/rtmp.html  Adobe. 2012. Adobe\u2019s Real Time Messaging Protocol. https:\/\/www.adobe.com\/devnet\/rtmp.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Apple. 2019. HTTP Live Streaming. https:\/\/developer.apple.com\/streaming\/  Apple. 2019. HTTP Live Streaming. https:\/\/developer.apple.com\/streaming\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3211852.3211857"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529500"},{"volume-title":"Design and analysis methods for fish survival experiments based on release-recapture \/ Kenneth P. Burnham... [et al.]","author":"Burnham P.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"Kenneth\u00a0 P. Burnham . 1987. Design and analysis methods for fish survival experiments based on release-recapture \/ Kenneth P. Burnham... [et al.] . American Fisheries Society Bethesda , Md . 437 p. : pages. Kenneth\u00a0P. Burnham. 1987. Design and analysis methods for fish survival experiments based on release-recapture \/ Kenneth P. Burnham... [et al.]. American Fisheries Society Bethesda, Md. 437 p. : pages."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"Chase. 2020. State of the Stream April\/2020: Valorant and Valorant streamers top the charts. https:\/\/blog.streamelements.com\/  Chase. 2020. State of the Stream April\/2020: Valorant and Valorant streamers top the charts. https:\/\/blog.streamelements.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Estimates of survival from the sighting of marked animals","volume":"51","author":"M.","year":"1964","unstructured":"R.\u00a0 M. CORMACK. 1964 . Estimates of survival from the sighting of marked animals . Biometrika 51 , 3 - 4 (12 1964), 429\u2013438. R.\u00a0M. CORMACK. 1964. Estimates of survival from the sighting of marked animals. Biometrika 51, 3-4 (12 1964), 429\u2013438.","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"A.\u00a0W.\u00a0F. Edwards. 1972. Likelihood. Cambridge University Press.  A.\u00a0W.\u00a0F. Edwards. 1972. Likelihood. Cambridge University Press."},{"volume-title":"2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM Workshops. 7\u201312","author":"Adhikari","key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Adhikari et al.2012. A tale of three CDNs: An active measurement study of Hulu and its CDNs . In 2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM Workshops. 7\u201312 . Adhikari et al.2012. A tale of three CDNs: An active measurement study of Hulu and its CDNs. In 2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM Workshops. 7\u201312."},{"volume-title":"2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM. 1620\u20131628","author":"Adhikari","key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"Adhikari et al.2012. Unreeling netflix : Understanding and improving multi-CDN movie delivery . In 2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM. 1620\u20131628 . Adhikari et al.2012. Unreeling netflix: Understanding and improving multi-CDN movie delivery. In 2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM. 1620\u20131628."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of PAM (Sydney, Australia)","author":"Deng","key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"Deng et al. 2017. Internet Scale User-Generated Live Video Streaming: The Twitch Case . In Proceedings of PAM (Sydney, Australia) . Springer , New York, NY , 60\u201371. Deng et al.2017. Internet Scale User-Generated Live Video Streaming: The Twitch Case. In Proceedings of PAM (Sydney, Australia). Springer, New York, NY, 60\u201371."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication (Beijing, China) (SIGCOMM \u201919)","author":"Jin","key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"Jin et al. 2019. Zooming in on Wide-Area Latencies to a Global Cloud Provider . In Proceedings of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication (Beijing, China) (SIGCOMM \u201919) . Association for Computing Machinery , New York, NY, USA , 104\u2013116. Jin et al.2019. Zooming in on Wide-Area Latencies to a Global Cloud Provider. In Proceedings of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication (Beijing, China) (SIGCOMM \u201919). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 104\u2013116."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2013 Conference on SIGCOMM","author":"Trinocular Quan","key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Quan et al.2013. Trinocular : Understanding Internet Reliability through Adaptive Probing . In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2013 Conference on SIGCOMM ( Hong Kong, China) (SIGCOMM \u201913). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 255\u2013266. Quan et al.2013. Trinocular: Understanding Internet Reliability through Adaptive Probing. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2013 Conference on SIGCOMM (Hong Kong, China) (SIGCOMM \u201913). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 255\u2013266."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 World Wide Web Conference (Lyon, France) (WWW \u201918). International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee, Republic and Canton of Geneva, CHE, 1491\u20131500","author":"Are Live Social Broadcasts Raman","key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"Raman et al.2018. Facebook (A)Live? Are Live Social Broadcasts Really BroadCasts?. In Proceedings of the 2018 World Wide Web Conference (Lyon, France) (WWW \u201918). International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee, Republic and Canton of Geneva, CHE, 1491\u20131500 . Raman et al.2018. Facebook (A)Live? Are Live Social Broadcasts Really BroadCasts?. In Proceedings of the 2018 World Wide Web Conference (Lyon, France) (WWW \u201918). International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee, Republic and Canton of Geneva, CHE, 1491\u20131500."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2016 Internet Measurement Conference","author":"Wang","key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"Wang et al.2016. Anatomy of a Personalized Livestreaming System . In Proceedings of the 2016 Internet Measurement Conference ( Santa Monica, California, USA) (IMC \u201916). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 485\u2013498. Wang et al.2016. Anatomy of a Personalized Livestreaming System. In Proceedings of the 2016 Internet Measurement Conference (Santa Monica, California, USA) (IMC \u201916). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 485\u2013498."},{"volume-title":"De-Kodi: Understanding the Kodi Ecosystem. In Proceedings of The Web Conference 2020","author":"Warrior","key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"Warrior et al.2020. De-Kodi: Understanding the Kodi Ecosystem. In Proceedings of The Web Conference 2020 ( Taipei, Taiwan) (WWW \u201920). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1171\u20131181. Warrior et al.2020. De-Kodi: Understanding the Kodi Ecosystem. In Proceedings of The Web Conference 2020 (Taipei, Taiwan) (WWW \u201920). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1171\u20131181."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"Cody (evoli) Conners and Rod\u00a0(Slasher) Breslau. 2014. Wall Street Journal chart lists Twitch.tv fourth in U.S. peak traffic. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140208021324http:\/\/www.ongamers.com\/articles\/wall-street-journal-chart-lists-twitch-tv-fourth-in-u-s-peak-traffic\/1100-824\/  Cody (evoli) Conners and Rod\u00a0(Slasher) Breslau. 2014. Wall Street Journal chart lists Twitch.tv fourth in U.S. peak traffic. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140208021324http:\/\/www.ongamers.com\/articles\/wall-street-journal-chart-lists-twitch-tv-fourth-in-u-s-peak-traffic\/1100-824\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2016.2517004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"T. Hoff. 2010. Justin.Tv\u2019s Live Video Broadcasting Architecture. http:\/\/highscalability.com\/blog\/2010\/3\/16\/justintvs-live-video-broadcasting-architecture.html  T. Hoff. 2010. Justin.Tv\u2019s Live Video Broadcasting Architecture. http:\/\/highscalability.com\/blog\/2010\/3\/16\/justintvs-live-video-broadcasting-architecture.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2918433"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/52.1-2.225"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Ecological Methodology","author":"Krebs C.J.","year":"2021","unstructured":"C.J. Krebs . 2014. Ecological Methodology , 3 rd ed. https:\/\/www.zoology.ubc.ca\/~krebs\/books.html(visited 2021 -05-25). C.J. Krebs. 2014. Ecological Methodology, 3rd ed. https:\/\/www.zoology.ubc.ca\/~krebs\/books.html(visited 2021-05-25).","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"F.C. Lincoln. 1930. Calculating Waterfowl Abundance on the Basis of Banding Returns. U.S. Department of Agriculture.  F.C. Lincoln. 1930. Calculating Waterfowl Abundance on the Basis of Banding Returns. U.S. Department of Agriculture."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"Aaron Mickunas. 2018. How does League\u2019s Worlds viewership compare to the Super Bowl?https:\/\/dotesports.com\/league-of-legends\/news\/league-of-legends-vs-superbowl-viewer-numbers  Aaron Mickunas. 2018. How does League\u2019s Worlds viewership compare to the Super Bowl?https:\/\/dotesports.com\/league-of-legends\/news\/league-of-legends-vs-superbowl-viewer-numbers"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Introduction to the theory of statistics","author":"Mood McFarlane","unstructured":"Alexander\u00a0 McFarlane Mood , Franklin\u00a0 A. Graybill , and Duane\u00a0 C. Boes . 1974. Introduction to the theory of statistics ( 3 rd ed. ed.). McGraw-Hill New York . Alexander\u00a0McFarlane Mood, Franklin\u00a0A. Graybill, and Duane\u00a0C. Boes. 1974. Introduction to the theory of statistics(3rd ed. ed.). McGraw-Hill New York.","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"The yearly immigration of young plaice into the Limfjord from the German Sea, ect. Report of the Danish Biological Station for 1895 6","author":"J. PETERSEN.","year":"1896","unstructured":"C.\u00a0G.\u00a0 J. PETERSEN. 1896. The yearly immigration of young plaice into the Limfjord from the German Sea, ect. Report of the Danish Biological Station for 1895 6 ( 1896 ), 1\u201348. https:\/\/ci.nii.ac.jp\/naid\/10013009910\/en\/ C.\u00a0G.\u00a0J. PETERSEN. 1896. The yearly immigration of young plaice into the Limfjord from the German Sea, ect. Report of the Danish Biological Station for 1895 6 (1896), 1\u201348. https:\/\/ci.nii.ac.jp\/naid\/10013009910\/en\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2676652.2676657"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2713168.2713195"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"A K-sample tag-recapture model allowing for unequal survival and catchability. Biometrika 62, 3 (12","author":"H. POLLOCK.","year":"1975","unstructured":"K.\u00a0 H. POLLOCK. 1975. A K-sample tag-recapture model allowing for unequal survival and catchability. Biometrika 62, 3 (12 1975 ), 577\u2013583. K.\u00a0H. POLLOCK. 1975. A K-sample tag-recapture model allowing for unequal survival and catchability. Biometrika 62, 3 (12 1975), 577\u2013583."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02479763"},{"volume-title":"Sampling Biological Populations","author":"Cormack Robson","key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","unstructured":"D.\u00a0S.\u00a0 Robson R.\u00a0M.\u00a0 Cormack , G. P.\u00a0 Patil . 1979. Sampling Biological Populations . Fairland, Maryland : International Cooperative Publishing House . D.\u00a0S.\u00a0Robson R.\u00a0M.\u00a0Cormack, G. P.\u00a0Patil. 1979. Sampling Biological Populations. Fairland, Maryland: International Cooperative Publishing House."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/52.1-2.249"},{"volume-title":"The Estimation of Animal Abundance and Related Parameters","author":"Seber F.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","unstructured":"G.\u00a0A.\u00a0 F. Seber . 1982. The Estimation of Animal Abundance and Related Parameters . Blackburn Press , Caldwel, New Jersey. G.\u00a0A.\u00a0F. Seber. 1982. The Estimation of Animal Abundance and Related Parameters. Blackburn Press, Caldwel, New Jersey."},{"volume-title":"Dissecting Video Server Selection Strategies in the YouTube CDN. In 2011 31st International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems. 248\u2013257","author":"Torres R.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","unstructured":"R. Torres , A. Finamore , J.\u00a0 R. Kim , M. Mellia , M.\u00a0 M. Munafo , and S. Rao . 2011 . Dissecting Video Server Selection Strategies in the YouTube CDN. In 2011 31st International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems. 248\u2013257 . R. Torres, A. Finamore, J.\u00a0R. Kim, M. Mellia, M.\u00a0M. Munafo, and S. Rao. 2011. Dissecting Video Server Selection Strategies in the YouTube CDN. In 2011 31st International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems. 248\u2013257."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","unstructured":"TwitchTracker. 2021. Twitch Statistics and Charts. https:\/\/twitchtracker.com\/statistics  TwitchTracker. 2021. Twitch Statistics and Charts. https:\/\/twitchtracker.com\/statistics"},{"volume-title":"Twitch Engineering: An Introduction and Overview. https:\/\/blog.twitch.tv\/en\/2015\/12\/18\/twitch-engineering-an-introduction-and-overview-a23917b71a25\/","year":"2015","key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","unstructured":"Twitch.tv. 2015 . Twitch Engineering: An Introduction and Overview. https:\/\/blog.twitch.tv\/en\/2015\/12\/18\/twitch-engineering-an-introduction-and-overview-a23917b71a25\/ Twitch.tv. 2015. Twitch Engineering: An Introduction and Overview. https:\/\/blog.twitch.tv\/en\/2015\/12\/18\/twitch-engineering-an-introduction-and-overview-a23917b71a25\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"Twitch generated more revenue than YouTube Gaming","author":"Wells Jess","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jess Wells . 2020. Twitch generated more revenue than YouTube Gaming in 2019 . https:\/\/www.theloadout.com\/twitch\/youtube-revenue Jess Wells. 2020. Twitch generated more revenue than YouTube Gaming in 2019. https:\/\/www.theloadout.com\/twitch\/youtube-revenue"},{"volume-title":"IEEE INFOCOM 2014 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications. 1456\u20131464","author":"Yu C.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","unstructured":"C. Yu , Y. Xu , B. Liu , and Y. Liu . 2014. \u201cCan you SEE me now?\u201d A measurement study of mobile video calls . In IEEE INFOCOM 2014 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications. 1456\u20131464 . C. Yu, Y. Xu, B. Liu, and Y. Liu. 2014. \u201cCan you SEE me now?\u201d A measurement study of mobile video calls. In IEEE INFOCOM 2014 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications. 1456\u20131464."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2736084.2736091"}],"event":{"name":"AINTEC '21: Asian Internet Engineering Conference","sponsor":["SIGCOMM ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication"],"location":"Virtual Event Japan","acronym":"AINTEC '21"},"container-title":["Asian Internet Engineering Conference"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3497777.3498551","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3497777.3498551","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T20:49:26Z","timestamp":1750193366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3497777.3498551"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3497777.3498551","10.1145\/3497777"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3497777.3498551","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]}}}