{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T05:56:07Z","timestamp":1767851767822,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","edition-number":"1","reference-count":75,"publisher":"ACM","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781450395861","type":"print"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3501714.3501734","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T20:58:40Z","timestamp":1646427520000},"page":"255-316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Causal Diagrams for Empirical Research (With Discussions)"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Judea","family":"Pearl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1996.10476902"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","first-page":"54","volume-title":"Ed. R. Lopez de Mantaras and D. Poole","author":"Balke A.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Balke , A. & Pearl , J. ( 1994 ). Counterfactual probabilities: Computational methods, bounds, and applications. In Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence , Ed. R. Lopez de Mantaras and D. Poole , pp. 46\u2013 54 . San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann. Balke, A. & Pearl, J. (1994). Counterfactual probabilities: Computational methods, bounds, and applications. In Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Ed. R. Lopez de Mantaras and D. Poole, pp. 46\u201354. San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Instrumental Variables","author":"Bowden R. J.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bowden , R. J. & Turkington , D. A. ( 1984 ). Instrumental Variables . Cambridge, MA : Cambridge University Press . Bowden, R. J. & Turkington, D. A. (1984). Instrumental Variables. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"The Planning of Experiments","author":"Cox D. R.","year":"1958","unstructured":"Cox , D. R. ( 1958 ). The Planning of Experiments . New York : John Wiley . Cox, D. R. (1958). The Planning of Experiments. New York: John Wiley."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2982962"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1177010887"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1979.tb01052.x","article-title":"Conditional independence in statistical theory (with Discussion)","volume":"41","author":"Dawid A. P.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Dawid , A. P. ( 1979 ). Conditional independence in statistical theory (with Discussion) . J. R. Statist. Soc. B 41 , 1 \u2013 31 . Dawid, A. P. (1979). Conditional independence in statistical theory (with Discussion). J. R. Statist. Soc. B 41, 1\u201331.","journal-title":"J. R. Statist. Soc. B"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1909242"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/10769986012002101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Statistical versus theoretical relations in economic macrodynamics. League of Nations Memorandum. Reproduced (1948) in Autonomy of Economic Relations","author":"Frisch R.","year":"1938","unstructured":"Frisch , R. ( 1938 ). Statistical versus theoretical relations in economic macrodynamics. League of Nations Memorandum. Reproduced (1948) in Autonomy of Economic Relations , Universitetets Socialokonomiske Institutt , Oslo . Frisch, R. (1938). Statistical versus theoretical relations in economic macrodynamics. League of Nations Memorandum. Reproduced (1948) in Autonomy of Economic Relations, Universitetets Socialokonomiske Institutt, Oslo."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","first-page":"95","volume-title":"Ed. P. Besnard and S. Hanks","author":"Galles D.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Galles , D. & Pearl , J. ( 1995 ). Testing identifiability of causal effects. In Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence\u201411 , Ed. P. Besnard and S. Hanks , pp. 185\u2013 95 . San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann. Galles, D. & Pearl, J. (1995). Testing identifiability of causal effects. In Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence\u201411, Ed. P. Besnard and S. Hanks, pp. 185\u201395. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/net.3230200504"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1913851"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1905714"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","first-page":"84","volume-title":"Causal inference, path analysis, and recursive structural equations models","author":"Holland P. W.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Holland , P. W. ( 1988 ). Causal inference, path analysis, and recursive structural equations models . In Sociological Methodology, Ed. C. Clogg , pp. 449\u2013 84 . Washington, D.C.: American Sociological Association. Holland, P. W. (1988). Causal inference, path analysis, and recursive structural equations models. In Sociological Methodology, Ed. C. Clogg, pp. 449\u201384. Washington, D.C.: American Sociological Association."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2951620"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/net.3230200503"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1988.tb01721.x","article-title":"Local computations with probabilities on graphical structures and their applications to expert systems (with Discussion)","volume":"50","author":"Lauritzen S. L.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Lauritzen , S. L. & Spiegelhalter , D. J. ( 1988 ). Local computations with probabilities on graphical structures and their applications to expert systems (with Discussion) . J. R. Statist. Soc. B 50 , 157 \u2013 224 . Lauritzen, S. L. & Spiegelhalter, D. J. (1988). Local computations with probabilities on graphical structures and their applications to expert systems (with Discussion). J. R. Statist. Soc. B 50, 157\u2013224.","journal-title":"J. R. Statist. Soc. B"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","first-page":"319","article-title":"Nonparametric bounds on treatment effects","volume":"80","author":"Manski C. F.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Manski , C. F. ( 1990 ). Nonparametric bounds on treatment effects . Am. Econ. Rev., Papers Proc. 80 , 319 \u2013 323 . Manski, C. F. (1990). Nonparametric bounds on treatment effects. Am. Econ. Rev., Papers Proc. 80, 319\u201323.","journal-title":"Am. Econ. Rev., Papers Proc."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/534975"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90169-C"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1177010894"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","first-page":"31","volume-title":"From Bayesian networks to causal networks","author":"Pearl J.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Pearl , J. ( 1994 a). From Bayesian networks to causal networks . In Bayesian Networks and Probabilistic Reasoning, Ed. A. Gammerman , pp. 1\u2013 31 . London: Alfred Walter. Pearl, J. (1994a). From Bayesian networks to causal networks. In Bayesian Networks and Probabilistic Reasoning, Ed. A. Gammerman, pp. 1\u201331. London: Alfred Walter."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","first-page":"62","volume-title":"Ed. R. Lopez de Mantaras and D. Poole","author":"Pearl J.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Pearl , J. ( 1994 b). A probabilistic calculus of actions. In Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence , Ed. R. Lopez de Mantaras and D. Poole , pp. 452\u2013 62 . San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann. Pearl, J. (1994b). A probabilistic calculus of actions. In Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Ed. R. Lopez de Mantaras and D. Poole, pp. 452\u201362. San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0933-3657(95)00027-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","first-page":"52","volume-title":"Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference, Ed. J. A. Allen, R. Fikes and E. Sandewall","author":"Pearl J.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Pearl , J. & Verma , T. ( 1991 ). A theory of inferred causation . In Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference, Ed. J. A. Allen, R. Fikes and E. Sandewall , pp. 441\u2013 52 . San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann. Pearl, J. & Verma, T. (1991). A theory of inferred causation. In Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference, Ed. J. A. Allen, R. Fikes and E. Sandewall, pp. 441\u201352. San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4076(88)90039-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0270-0255(86)90088-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","first-page":"59","volume-title":"Health Service Research Methodology: A Focus on AIDS, Ed. L. Sechrest","author":"Robins J. M.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Robins , J. M. ( 1989 ). The analysis of randomized and non-randomized AIDS treatment trials using a new approach to causal inference in longitudinal studies . In Health Service Research Methodology: A Focus on AIDS, Ed. L. Sechrest , H. Freeman and A. Mulley , pp. 113\u2013 59 . Washington, D.C.: NCHSR, U.S. Public Health Service. Robins, J. M. (1989). The analysis of randomized and non-randomized AIDS treatment trials using a new approach to causal inference in longitudinal studies. In Health Service Research Methodology: A Focus on AIDS, Ed. L. Sechrest, H. Freeman and A. Mulley, pp. 113\u201359. Washington, D.C.: NCHSR, U.S. Public Health Service."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199207000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2981697"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/70.1.41"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0037350"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176344064"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1177012032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"Studies in Econometric Method, Ed. W. C. Hood and T. C. Hoopmans, Ch. 3.","author":"Simon H. A.","year":"1953","unstructured":"Simon , H. A. ( 1953 ). Causal ordering and identifiability . In Studies in Econometric Method, Ed. W. C. Hood and T. C. Hoopmans, Ch. 3. New York : John Wiley . Simon, H. A. (1953). Causal ordering and identifiability. In Studies in Econometric Method, Ed. W. C. Hood and T. C. Hoopmans, Ch. 3. New York: John Wiley."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02294763"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1177010888"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","first-page":"491","article-title":"Directed cyclic graphical representations of feedback models","author":"Spirtes P.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Spirtes , P. ( 1995 ). Directed cyclic graphical representations of feedback models . In Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence 11, Ed. P. Besnard and S. Hanks , pp. 491 \u2013 498 . San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann. Spirtes, P. (1995). Directed cyclic graphical representations of feedback models. In Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence 11, Ed. P. Besnard and S. Hanks, pp. 491\u201398. San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann.","journal-title":"Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence 11, Ed. P. Besnard and S. Hanks"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-2748-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1907731"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/10769986014002121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"On block-recursive regression equations (with Discussion)","volume":"6","author":"Wermuth N.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wermuth , N. ( 1992 ). On block-recursive regression equations (with Discussion) . Brazilian J. Prob. Statist. 6 , 1 \u2013 56 . Wermuth, N. (1992). On block-recursive regression equations (with Discussion). Brazilian J. Prob. Statist. 6, 1\u201356.","journal-title":"Brazilian J. Prob. Statist."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"Graphical Models in Applied Multivariate Statistics","author":"Whittaker J.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Whittaker , J. ( 1990 ). Graphical Models in Applied Multivariate Statistics . Chichester : John Wiley . Whittaker, J. (1990). Graphical Models in Applied Multivariate Statistics. Chichester: John Wiley."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","first-page":"557","article-title":"Correlation and causation","volume":"20","author":"Wright S.","year":"1921","unstructured":"Wright , S. ( 1921 ). Correlation and causation . J. Agric. Res. 20 , 557 \u2013 585 . Wright, S. (1921). Correlation and causation. J. Agric. Res. 20, 557\u201385.","journal-title":"J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Counterfactuals and policy analysis in structural models","author":"Balke A.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Balke , A. & Pearl , J. ( 1995 ). Counterfactuals and policy analysis in structural models . In Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence 11, Ed. P. Besnard and S. Hanks , pp. 11 \u2013 18 . San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann. Balke, A. & Pearl, J. (1995). Counterfactuals and policy analysis in structural models. In Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence 11, Ed. P. Besnard and S. Hanks, pp. 11\u20138. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann.","journal-title":"Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence 11, Ed. P. Besnard and S. Hanks"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","volume-title":"Discrete Multivariate Analysis: Theory and Practice","author":"Bishop Y. M. M.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Bishop , Y. M. M. , Fienberg , S. E. & Holland , P. W. ( 1975 ). Discrete Multivariate Analysis: Theory and Practice . Cambridge, MA : MIT Press . Bishop, Y. M. M., Fienberg, S. E. & Holland, P. W. (1975). Discrete Multivariate Analysis: Theory and Practice. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1266635"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.73.10.3685"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2344179"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","volume-title":"Experimental Designs","author":"Cochran W. G.","year":"1957","unstructured":"Cochran , W. G. & Cox , G. M. ( 1957 ). Experimental Designs , 2 nd ed. New York : Wiley . Cochran, W. G. & Cox, G. M. (1957). Experimental Designs, 2nd ed. New York: Wiley.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","first-page":"173","article-title":"Smoking and lung cancer: Recent evidence and a discussion of some questions","volume":"22","author":"Cornfield J.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Cornfield , J. , Haenszel , W. , Hammond , E. , Lilienfeld , A. , Shimkin , M. & Wynder , E. ( 1959 ). Smoking and lung cancer: Recent evidence and a discussion of some questions . J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 22 , 173 \u2013 203 . Cornfield, J., Haenszel, W., Hammond, E., Lilienfeld, A., Shimkin, M. & Wynder, E. (1959). Smoking and lung cancer: Recent evidence and a discussion of some questions. J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 22, 173\u2013203.","journal-title":"J. Nat. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2981683"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1991.tb01810.x","article-title":"Fisherian inference in likelihood and prequential frames of reference (with Discussion)","volume":"53","author":"Dawid A. P.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Dawid , A. P. ( 1991 ). Fisherian inference in likelihood and prequential frames of reference (with Discussion) . J. R. Statist. Soc. B 53 , 79 \u2013 109 . Dawid, A. P. (1991). Fisherian inference in likelihood and prequential frames of reference (with Discussion). J. R. Statist. Soc. B 53, 79\u2013109.","journal-title":"J. R. Statist. Soc. B"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2527917"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1","volume-title":"The Design of Experiments","author":"Fisher R. A.","year":"1935","unstructured":"Fisher , R. A. ( 1935 ). The Design of Experiments . Edinburgh : Oliver and Boyd . Fisher, R. A. (1935). The Design of Experiments. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","volume-title":"Sociological Methodology","author":"Freedman D.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Freedman , D. ( 1991 ). Statistical models and shoe leather (with Discussion) . In Sociological Methodology 1991, Ed. P. Marsden, Ch . 10. Washington, D.C. : American Sociological Association . Freedman, D. (1991). Statistical models and shoe leather (with Discussion). In Sociological Methodology 1991, Ed. P. Marsden, Ch. 10. Washington, D.C.: American Sociological Association."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00208723"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1913851"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2343755"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_62_1","volume-title":"A Short Textbook of Medical Statistics","author":"Hill A. B.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Hill , A. B. ( 1971 ). A Short Textbook of Medical Statistics , 10 th ed. Place : Lippincott . Hill, A. B. (1971). A Short Textbook of Medical Statistics, 10th ed. Place: Lippincott.","edition":"10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1986.10478354"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.64.4.669"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198501173120301"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1177012031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9681(87)80018-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0898-1221(87)90238-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_69_1","first-page":"90","volume-title":"Ed. D. G. Ostrow and R. Kessler","author":"Robins J. M.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Robins , J. M. ( 1993 ). Analytic methods for estimating HIV treatment and cofactor effects. In Methodological Issues of AIDS Mental Health Research , Ed. D. G. Ostrow and R. Kessler , pp. 213\u2013 90 . New York: Plenum. Robins, J. M. (1993). Analytic methods for estimating HIV treatment and cofactor effects. In Methodological Issues of AIDS Mental Health Research, Ed. D. G. Ostrow and R. Kessler, pp. 213\u201390. New York: Plenum."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1984.10477060"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1993.10476405"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-2443-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/63.3.581"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/524411"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2527917"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1993.tb01904.x","article-title":"A logic of probability, with application to the foundations of statistics (with Discussion)","volume":"55","author":"Vovk V. G.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Vovk , V. G. ( 1993 ). A logic of probability, with application to the foundations of statistics (with Discussion) . J. R. Statist. Soc. B 55 , 317 \u2013 351 . Vovk, V. G. (1993). A logic of probability, with application to the foundations of statistics (with Discussion). J. R. Statist. Soc. B 55, 317\u201351.","journal-title":"J. R. Statist. Soc. B"}],"container-title":["Probabilistic and Causal Inference"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3501714.3501734","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3501714.3501734","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T20:11:45Z","timestamp":1750191105000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3501714.3501734"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"ISBN":["9781450395861"],"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3501714.3501734","10.1145\/3501714"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3501714.3501734","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-03-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-03-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}