{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T04:19:07Z","timestamp":1750220347573,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China","award":["CUHK 14209321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUHK 14209321"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Auton. Adapt. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The concept of conventions has attracted much attention in the multi-agent system research. In this article, we study the emergence of conventions from repeated\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            -player coordination games. Distributed agents learn their policies independently and are capable of observing their neighbours in a network topology. We distinguish two types of information representation about the observations: gist trace and verbatim trace. We conjecture that learning based on the gist trace, which overlooks the details and focuses only on the general choice of action of a neighbourhood, should achieve efficient convention emergence. To this end, a novel learning method that makes use of the gist trace is proposed. The experimental results confirm that the proposed method establishes conventions much faster than the state-of-the-art learning methods across diverse settings of multi-agent systems. In particular, the use of gist trace derived at a low level of abstraction further improves the efficiency of convention emergence.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3502199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T05:59:03Z","timestamp":1643003943000},"page":"1-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gist Trace-based Learning: Efficient Convention Emergence from Multilateral Interactions"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1908-1344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuyue","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chin-Wing","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ho-Fung","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering and Department of Sociology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiamou","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1459010.1459011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10458-015-9309-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5439.509"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2831071.2831085"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/946245.946422"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00121-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0273-2297(90)90003-M"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"374","article-title":"Iterative solution of games by fictitious play","volume":"13","author":"Brown George W.","year":"1951","unstructured":"George W. Brown. 1951. Iterative solution of games by fictitious play. Activ. Anal. Prod. Allocat. 13, 1 (1951), 374\u2013376.","journal-title":"Activ. Anal. Prod. Allocat."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1418838112"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/295240.295800"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2018118.2018135"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(83)90015-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00262-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013810410243"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/544741.544775"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10458-012-9193-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2540128.2540157"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2886521.2886608"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3306127.3331868"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2997046.2997187"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269888917000169"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1402383.1402433"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3306127.3331997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3171837.3171949"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-03991-2_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SASO.2018.00012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1993 Santa Fe Institute Complex Systems Summer School","volume":"6","author":"Kittock J. E.","year":"1993","unstructured":"J. E. Kittock. 1993. Emergent conventions and the structure of multi-agent systems. In Proceedings of the 1993 Santa Fe Institute Complex Systems Summer School, Vol. 6. 1\u201314."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2615731.2617430"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/60204.60227"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","unstructured":"David Lewis. 1969. Convention: A Philosophical Study ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","volume-title":"Convention: A Philosophical Study","author":"Lewis David","year":"2008","unstructured":"David Lewis. 2008. Convention: A Philosophical Study. John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-009-9107-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1025121.1025733"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10458-017-9364-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-42691-4_14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3091125.3091385"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","volume-title":"Social Conventions: from Language to Law","author":"Marmor Andrei","year":"2014","unstructured":"Andrei Marmor. 2014. Social Conventions: from Language to Law. Vol. 25. Princeton University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10458-013-9240-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1196925"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2720024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1402298.1402332"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-4-431-99781-8_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/logcom\/8.3.261"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1642293.1642448"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","article-title":"A new intuitionism: Meaning, memory, and development in fuzzy-trace theory.","author":"Reyna Valerie F.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Valerie F. Reyna. 2012. A new intuitionism: Meaning, memory, and development in fuzzy-trace theory. Judgm. Decis. Mak. (2012).","journal-title":"Judgm. Decis. Mak."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1041-6080(95)90031-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SASO.2008.65"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1898063.1898068"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2019196.2019199"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1791649.1791667"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1625275.1625519"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3398761.3398904"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3087223.3087246"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(97)00028-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WI.2016.0058"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2542182.2542203"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2283396.2283458"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30082-3_23"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2283396.2283465"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WI-IAT.2009.155"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","first-page":"384","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on MultiAgent Systems","volume":"95","author":"Walker Adam","year":"1995","unstructured":"Adam Walker and Michael J. Wooldridge. 1995. Understanding the emergence of conventions in multi-agent systems.. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on MultiAgent Systems, Vol. 95. 384\u2013389."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3237383.3237501"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AGENTS.2018.8459907"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00992698"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/30918"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269888900008122"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/978-1-61499-672-9-1344"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.10.2.105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AGENTS.2017.8015298"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-26350-2_56"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2484920.2484997"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3502199","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3502199","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T20:17:04Z","timestamp":1750191424000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3502199"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3502199"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3502199","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-4665","1556-4703"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1556-4665"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1556-4703"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-08-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-11-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}