{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T05:12:20Z","timestamp":1771045940488,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":43,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1837476"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1837476"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3502718.3524771","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T10:28:30Z","timestamp":1657189710000},"page":"540-546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Developing K-8 Computer Science Teachers' Content Knowledge, Self-efficacy, and Attitudes through Evidence-based Professional Development"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Gwen","family":"Nugent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA"}]},{"given":"Keting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA"}]},{"given":"Leen-Kiat","family":"Soh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA"}]},{"given":"Dongho","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Trainin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.113.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.84.2.191"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Self-efficacy: The exercise of control","author":"Bandura Albert","year":"1997","unstructured":"Albert Bandura . 1997 . Self-efficacy: The exercise of control . W H Freeman , New York, NY . Albert Bandura. 1997. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W H Freeman, New York, NY."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Paulo Blikstein and Sepi Hejazi Moghadam. 2018. Pre-college computer science education: A survey of the field. (2018). https:\/\/services.google.com\/fh\/files\/misc\/pre-college-computer-science-education-report.pdf  Paulo Blikstein and Sepi Hejazi Moghadam. 2018. Pre-college computer science education: A survey of the field. (2018). https:\/\/services.google.com\/fh\/files\/misc\/pre-college-computer-science-education-report.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Code.org CSTA and ECEP Alliance. 2020. 2020 state of computer science education: Illuminating disparities. https:\/\/advocacy.code.org\/2020_state_of_cs.pdf  Code.org CSTA and ECEP Alliance. 2020. 2020 state of computer science education: Illuminating disparities. https:\/\/advocacy.code.org\/2020_state_of_cs.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08993408.2017.1315958"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Alethea Andree, Nikole Richardson, and Stelios Orphanos.","author":"Darling-Hammond Linda","year":"2009","unstructured":"Linda Darling-Hammond , Ruth Chung Wei , Alethea Andree, Nikole Richardson, and Stelios Orphanos. 2009 . Professional learning in the learning profession. Washington, DC : National Staff Development Council 12 (2009). http:\/\/www.learningforward.org\/docs\/pdf\/nsdcstudy2009.pdf Linda Darling-Hammond, Ruth Chung Wei, Alethea Andree, Nikole Richardson, and Stelios Orphanos. 2009. Professional learning in the learning profession. Washington, DC: National Staff Development Council 12 (2009). http:\/\/www.learningforward.org\/docs\/pdf\/nsdcstudy2009.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08993408.2015.1014142"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/00028312038004915"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Google and Gallup. 2016. Computer Science Learning: Closing the Gap: Girls. https:\/\/services.google.com\/fh\/files\/misc\/computer-science-learning-closing-the-gap-girls-brief.pdf  Google and Gallup. 2016. Computer Science Learning: Closing the Gap: Girls. https:\/\/services.google.com\/fh\/files\/misc\/computer-science-learning-closing-the-gap-girls-brief.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"Google and Gallup. 2017. Computer Science Learning: Closing the Gap: Rural and Small-Town Districts. https:\/\/goo.gl\/hYxqCr  Google and Gallup. 2017. Computer Science Learning: Closing the Gap: Rural and Small-Town Districts. https:\/\/goo.gl\/hYxqCr"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Designing for deeper learning in a blended computer science course for middle school students. Computer science education 25, 2","author":"Grover Shuchi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shuchi Grover , Roy Pea , and Stephen Cooper . 2015. Designing for deeper learning in a blended computer science course for middle school students. Computer science education 25, 2 ( 2015 ), 199--237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08993408.2015.1033142 10.1080\/08993408.2015.1033142 Shuchi Grover, Roy Pea, and Stephen Cooper. 2015. Designing for deeper learning in a blended computer science course for middle school students. Computer science education 25, 2 (2015), 199--237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08993408.2015.1033142"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15388\/infedu.2019.14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","first-page":"411","article-title":"Professional knowledge building within an elementary teacher pro-fessional development experience on computational thinking in science ed-ucation","volume":"26","author":"Hestness Emily","year":"2018","unstructured":"Emily Hestness , Diane Jass Ketelhut , J Randy McGinnis , and Jandelyn Plane . 2018 . Professional knowledge building within an elementary teacher pro-fessional development experience on computational thinking in science ed-ucation . Journal of Technology and Teacher Education 26 , 3 (2018), 411 -- 435 . https:\/\/www.learntechlib.org\/primary\/p\/181431\/ Emily Hestness, Diane Jass Ketelhut, J Randy McGinnis, and Jandelyn Plane. 2018. Professional knowledge building within an elementary teacher pro-fessional development experience on computational thinking in science ed-ucation. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education 26, 3 (2018), 411--435. https:\/\/www.learntechlib.org\/primary\/p\/181431\/","journal-title":"Journal of Technology and Teacher Education"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"White House. 2016. FACT SHEET\/ A Year of Action Supporting CS for All. https:\/\/obamawhitehouse.archives.gov\/the-press-office\/2016\/12\/05\/fact-sheet-year-action-supporting-computer-science-all  White House. 2016. FACT SHEET\/ A Year of Action Supporting CS for All. https:\/\/obamawhitehouse.archives.gov\/the-press-office\/2016\/12\/05\/fact-sheet-year-action-supporting-computer-science-all"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","first-page":"385","article-title":"Examining the impact of a computational thinking intervention on pre-service elementary science teachers' computational thinking teaching efficacy beliefs, interest and confidence","volume":"38","author":"Kaya Erdogan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Erdogan Kaya , Ezgi Yesilyurt , Anna Newley , and Hasan Deniz . 2019 . Examining the impact of a computational thinking intervention on pre-service elementary science teachers' computational thinking teaching efficacy beliefs, interest and confidence . Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching 38 , 4 (2019), 385 -- 392 . Erdogan Kaya, Ezgi Yesilyurt, Anna Newley, and Hasan Deniz. 2019. Examining the impact of a computational thinking intervention on pre-service elementary science teachers' computational thinking teaching efficacy beliefs, interest and confidence. Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching 38, 4 (2019), 385--392.","journal-title":"Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3408877.3439635"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2020.103872"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Retrieved (May 23","author":"Koshy Sonia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sonia Koshy , Alexis Martin , Laura Hinton , Allison Scott , Bryan Twarek , and Kalisha Davis . 2021 . The computer science teacher landscape: Results of a nationwide teacher survey . Retrieved (May 23 , 2021) from https:\/\/csteachers. org\/page\/cs-teacher-landscape (2021). https:\/\/www.kaporcenter.org\/the-computer-science-teacher-landscape-results-of-a-nationwide-teacher-survey Sonia Koshy, Alexis Martin, Laura Hinton, Allison Scott, Bryan Twarek, and Kalisha Davis. 2021. The computer science teacher landscape: Results of a nationwide teacher survey. Retrieved (May 23, 2021) from https:\/\/csteachers. org\/page\/cs-teacher-landscape (2021). https:\/\/www.kaporcenter.org\/the-computer-science-teacher-landscape-results-of-a-nationwide-teacher-survey"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Designing professional development for teachers of science and mathematics","author":"Loucks-Horsley Susan","unstructured":"Susan Loucks-Horsley , Katherine E Stiles , Susan Mundry , Nancy Love , and Peter W Hewson . 2009. Designing professional development for teachers of science and mathematics . Corwin press , Thousand Oaks, CA . Susan Loucks-Horsley, Katherine E Stiles, Susan Mundry, Nancy Love, and Peter W Hewson. 2009. Designing professional development for teachers of science and mathematics. Corwin press, Thousand Oaks, CA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/edu0000061"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Addressing America's Growing Demand for Information Technology and Computer Science: The Case for Change in K-12 Education","author":"Jr Lowell Matthews","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lowell Matthews Jr and Pat Yongpradit . 2019. Addressing America's Growing Demand for Information Technology and Computer Science: The Case for Change in K-12 Education . Foundation for Excellence in Education ( 2019 ). https:\/\/www.excelined.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/ExcelinEdCode.AddressingAmericasGrowingDemandforITandCS.TheCaseforChangeinK12Ed.June2019.pdf Lowell Matthews Jr and Pat Yongpradit. 2019. Addressing America's Growing Demand for Information Technology and Computer Science: The Case for Change in K-12 Education. Foundation for Excellence in Education (2019). https:\/\/www.excelined.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/ExcelinEdCode.AddressingAmericasGrowingDemandforITandCS.TheCaseforChangeinK12Ed.June2019.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","unstructured":"Microsoft. 2018. It's Computer Science Education Week and we're here to help you make it great! https:\/\/blogs.microsoft.com\/latinx\/2018\/12\/05\/its-computer-science-education-week-and-were-here-to-help-you-make-it-great\/  Microsoft. 2018. It's Computer Science Education Week and we're here to help you make it great! https:\/\/blogs.microsoft.com\/latinx\/2018\/12\/05\/its-computer-science-education-week-and-were-here-to-help-you-make-it-great\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3287324.3287400"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"NCCWIT. 2019. Bridging the Encouragement Gap in Computing. https:\/\/ncwit.org\/resource\/practicingencouragement\/  NCCWIT. 2019. Bridging the Encouragement Gap in Computing. https:\/\/ncwit.org\/resource\/practicingencouragement\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Computer science teacher professional development and professional learning communities: a review of the research literature. Computer Science Education","author":"Ni Lijun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lijun Ni , Gillian Bausch , and Rebecca Benjamin . 2021. Computer science teacher professional development and professional learning communities: a review of the research literature. Computer Science Education ( 2021 ), 1--32. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08993408.2021.1993666L 10.1080\/08993408.2021.1993666L Lijun Ni, Gillian Bausch, and Rebecca Benjamin. 2021. Computer science teacher professional development and professional learning communities: a review of the research literature. Computer Science Education (2021), 1--32. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08993408.2021.1993666L"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1953163.1953319"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/0034654311413609"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcomp.2020.00011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TE.2018.2804350"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3328778.3366813"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164493053003024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods","author":"Raudenbush Stephen W","unstructured":"Stephen W Raudenbush and Anthony S Bryk . 2002. Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods . Vol. 2 . sage, London ,England. Stephen W Raudenbush and Anthony S Bryk. 2002. Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods. Vol. 2. sage, London,England."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3017680.3017772"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2021.104196"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08993408.2015.1130952"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"Teachers' engagement and self-efficacy in a PK--12 computer science teacher virtual community of practice. Journal of Computer Science Integration","author":"Schwarzhaupt Robert","year":"2021","unstructured":"Robert Schwarzhaupt , Joseph Wilson , Fanny Lee , and Melissa Raspberry . 2021. Teachers' engagement and self-efficacy in a PK--12 computer science teacher virtual community of practice. Journal of Computer Science Integration ( 2021 ). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26716\/jcsi.2021.10.8.34 10.26716\/jcsi.2021.10.8.34 Robert Schwarzhaupt, Joseph Wilson, Fanny Lee, and Melissa Raspberry. 2021. Teachers' engagement and self-efficacy in a PK--12 computer science teacher virtual community of practice. Journal of Computer Science Integration (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26716\/jcsi.2021.10.8.34"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","unstructured":"U.N. Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization. 2017. Cracking the code: Girls' and women's education in science technology engineering and mathe-matics (STEM). https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000253479  U.N. Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization. 2017. Cracking the code: Girls' and women's education in science technology engineering and mathe-matics (STEM). https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000253479"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"626--633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01621459.1967.10482935","author":"Amer Rectangular","year":"1967","unstructured":"Rectangular confidence regions for the means of multivariate normal distributions. J. Amer . Statist. Assoc. 62, 318 ( 1967 ), 626--633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01621459.1967.10482935 10.1080\/01621459.1967.10482935 Rectangular confidence regions for the means of multivariate normal distributions. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 62, 318 (1967), 626--633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01621459.1967.10482935"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"Landscape Report: State-Level Policies Supporting Equitable K-12 Com-puter Science Education. https:\/\/www.edc.org\/sites\/default\/files\/uploads\/State-States-Landscape-Report.pdf","author":"Stanton Jim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jim Stanton , Lynn Goldsmith , Richards W Adrion , Sarah Dunton , Katie A Hen-drickson, Alan Peterfreund , Pat Yongpradit , Rebecca Zarch , and Jennifer D Zinth . 2017 . Landscape Report: State-Level Policies Supporting Equitable K-12 Com-puter Science Education. https:\/\/www.edc.org\/sites\/default\/files\/uploads\/State-States-Landscape-Report.pdf Jim Stanton, Lynn Goldsmith, Richards W Adrion, Sarah Dunton, Katie A Hen-drickson, Alan Peterfreund, Pat Yongpradit, Rebecca Zarch, and Jennifer D Zinth. 2017. Landscape Report: State-Level Policies Supporting Equitable K-12 Com-puter Science Education. https:\/\/www.edc.org\/sites\/default\/files\/uploads\/State-States-Landscape-Report.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2839509.2844628"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","unstructured":"Ruth Chung Wei Linda Darling-Hammond and Frank Adamson. 2010. Professional development in the United States: Trends and challenges. (2010). https:\/\/edpolicy.stanford.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/professional-development-united-states-trends-and challenges.pdf  Ruth Chung Wei Linda Darling-Hammond and Frank Adamson. 2010. Professional development in the United States: Trends and challenges. (2010). https:\/\/edpolicy.stanford.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/professional-development-united-states-trends-and challenges.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"Emerging research, practice, and policy on computational thinking","author":"Yadav Aman","unstructured":"Aman Yadav , Sarah Gretter , Jon Good , and Tamika McLean . 2017. Computational thinking in teacher education . In Emerging research, practice, and policy on computational thinking . Springer , 205--220. Aman Yadav, Sarah Gretter, Jon Good, and Tamika McLean. 2017. Computational thinking in teacher education. In Emerging research, practice, and policy on computational thinking. Springer, 205--220."}],"event":{"name":"ITiCSE 2022: Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education","location":"Dublin Ireland","acronym":"ITiCSE 2022","sponsor":["SIGCSE ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education Vol. 1"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3502718.3524771","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3502718.3524771","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3502718.3524771","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T18:09:46Z","timestamp":1750183786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3502718.3524771"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3502718.3524771","10.1145\/3502718"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3502718.3524771","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-07-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}