{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T19:35:22Z","timestamp":1776108922100,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["CNS-1408730, and CNS-1814513"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-1408730, and CNS-1814513"]}]},{"name":"Google Faculty Research Award"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Access. Comput."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Camera-based assistive technologies can provide people with visual impairments (PVIs) visually derived information about people in their vicinity. Furthermore, the advent of smart glasses offers the possibility of not only analyzing visual information in front of the wearers but also behind them through an extended field of view. Although such \u2018visually available\u2019 information can enhance one\u2019s social interactions, the privacy and ethical implications for automated judgments about bystanders, especially<jats:italic>from the perspective of PVIs<\/jats:italic>, remains underexplored. To study the concerns of both bystanders and PVIs with such technologies, we conducted two online surveys with visually impaired participants as wearers (N = 128) and sighted participants as bystanders (N = 136). Although PVIs found some types of information to be improper or impolite (such as someone\u2019s weight), our overarching finding is the<jats:italic>shared<\/jats:italic>ethical concern between PVIs and bystanders related to the fallibility of AI, in which bystanders can be misrepresented (algorithmically) by the devices. These mischaracterizations can range from occasional unexpected algorithmic errors (e.g., errors in facial recognition) to the questionable use of AI for determining subjective social constructs (such as gender). Based on our findings, we discuss the design implications and directions for future work in the development of camera-based assistive technologies while mitigating the ethical concerns of PVIs and bystanders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3506857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T20:33:58Z","timestamp":1645648438000},"page":"1-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Shared Privacy Concerns of the Visually Impaired and Sighted Bystanders with Camera-Based Assistive Technologies"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0686-1448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taslima","family":"Akter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA"}]},{"given":"Tousif","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA"}]},{"given":"Apu","family":"Kapadia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA"}]},{"given":"Manohar","family":"Swaminathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"2014. KNFB reader. Retrieved March 6 2022 from https:\/\/knfbreader.com. (2014)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"2015. Aira. Retrieved March 6 2022 from https:\/\/aira.io. (2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"2015. Be My Eyes. Retrieved March 6 2022 from www.bemyeyes.com. (2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"2015. Orcam. Retrieved March 6 2022 from www.orcam.com. (2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"2015. \u2018Racist\u2019 tap will only give out soap to people with white skin thanks to \u2018discriminative\u2019 sensor. Retrieved March 6 2022 from https:\/\/www.mirror.co.uk\/news\/weird-news\/racist-tap-only-give-out-6375873. (2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"2016. Blind Square. Retrieved March 6 2022 from https:\/\/www.blindsquare.com. (2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"2017. Color Teller. Retrieved March 6 2022 from www.brytech.com\/colorteller. (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"2017. eSight. Retrieved March 6 2022 from https:\/\/esighteyewear.com. (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","unstructured":"2017. Seeing AI. Retrieved March 6 2022 from www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/ai\/seeing-ai. (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"2019. American Council of the Blind. Retrieved March 6 2022 from www.acb.org. (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"2019. National Federation of the Blind. Retrieved March 6 2022 from www.nfb.org. (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"2019. Natural field of view. Retrieved March 6 2022 from https:\/\/biology.stackexchange.com\/questions\/28138\/what-is-the-field-of-view-for-the-human-eyes. (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"2019. One Month 500 000 Face Scans: How China Is Using A.I. to Profile a Minority. Retrieved March 6 2022 from https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/04\/14\/technology\/china-surveillance-artificial-intelligence-racial-profiling.html. (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"2020. \u2018The Computer Got It Wrong\u2019: How Facial Recognition Led to False Arrest of Black Man. Retrieved March 6 2022 from https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2020\/06\/24\/882683463\/. (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"2021. Automatic gender recognition tech is dangerous say campaigners: it\u2019s time to ban it. Retrieved March 6 2022 from https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2021\/4\/14\/22381370\/. (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","unstructured":"2021. Ban Automated Recognition of Gender and Sexual Orientation. Retrieved March 6 2022 from https:\/\/campaigns.allout.org\/ban-AGSR. (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","unstructured":"2021. reCAPTCHA. Retrieved March 6 2022 from https:\/\/developers.google.com\/recaptcha\/docs\/v3. (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3377325.3377508"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702334"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","article-title":"Understanding physical safety, security, and privacy concerns of people with visual impairments","author":"Ahmed Tousif","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tousif Ahmed, Roberto Hoyle, Patrick Shaffer, Kay Connelly, David Crandall, and Apu Kapadia. 2017. Understanding physical safety, security, and privacy concerns of people with visual impairments. IEEE Internet Computing 21, 3 (2017), 56\u201363.","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Computing"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3264899"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","first-page":"341","volume-title":"12th Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security","author":"Ahmed Tousif","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tousif Ahmed, Patrick Shaffer, Kay Connelly, David Crandall, and Apu Kapadia. 2016. Addressing physical safety, security, and privacy for people with visual impairments. In 12th Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security. USENIX 341\u2013354."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3406865.3418382"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3373625.3417003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","article-title":"\u201cI am uncomfortable sharing what I can\u2019t see\u201d: Privacy concerns of the visually impaired with camera based assistive applications","author":"Akter Taslima","year":"2020","unstructured":"Taslima Akter, Bryan Dosono, Tousif Ahmed, Apu Kapadia, and Bryan Semaan. 2020. \u201cI am uncomfortable sharing what I can\u2019t see\u201d: Privacy concerns of the visually impaired with camera based assistive applications. In 29th USENIX Security Symposium (2020), 1929\u20131948.","journal-title":"In 29th USENIX Security Symposium"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4108\/icst.mobicase.2014.257780"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444816676645"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376680"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-soc-060116-053643"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.112692"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2019.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ian Barnett and John Torous. 2019. Ethics transparency and public health at the intersection of innovation and Facebook\u2019s suicide prevention efforts. 170 8 (2019) 565\u2013566.","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-0366"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01972240490507956"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445498"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sltb.12610"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1296843.1296854"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3132525.3132533"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31130-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/782720.782726"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3132525.3132534"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702525"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Conference on Fairness, Accountability and Transparency","author":"Buolamwini Joy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Joy Buolamwini and Timnit Gebru. 2018. Gender shades: Intersectional accuracy disparities in commercial gender classification. In Conference on Fairness, Accountability and Transparency. PMLR, 77\u201391."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","article-title":"Algorithmic accountability: A primer","author":"Caplan Robyn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Robyn Caplan, Joan Donovan, Lauren Hanson, and Jeanna Matthews. 2018. Algorithmic accountability: A primer. Data & Society (2018).","journal-title":"Data & Society"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3287560.3287587"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebo.2011.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","article-title":"Design of a mobile face recognition system for visually impaired persons","author":"Chaudhry Shonal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shonal Chaudhry and Rohitash Chandra. 2015. Design of a mobile face recognition system for visually impaired persons. arXiv:1502.00756.","journal-title":"arXiv:1502.00756."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-40477-1_5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0047358"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3308561.3354633"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556288.2557352"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2844110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Speech Prosody Conference","author":"Dijkstra Christel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Christel Dijkstra, Emiel Krahmer, and Marc Swerts. 2006. Manipulating uncertainty: The contribution of different audiovisual prosodic cues to the perception of confidence. In Proceedings of the Speech Prosody Conference."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2661334.2661453"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","article-title":"Fairness issues in AI systems that augment sensory abilities","author":"Findlater Leah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leah Findlater, Steven Goodman, Yuhang Zhao, Shiri Azenkot, and Margot Hanley. 2019. Fairness issues in AI systems that augment sensory abilities. arXiv:1908.07333.","journal-title":"arXiv:1908.07333."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/209351"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1631097.1631107"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12243-013-0397-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","unstructured":"Jun Ge. 2016. Observers\u2019 privacy concerns about wearable cameras. Electronic Theses and Dissertations for Graduate School Penn State."},{"issue":"2014","key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9042.003.0013","article-title":"The relevance of algorithms","volume":"167","author":"Gillespie Tarleton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tarleton Gillespie. 2014. The relevance of algorithms. Media Technologies: Essays on Communication, Materiality, and Society 167, 2014 (2014), 167.","journal-title":"Media Technologies: Essays on Communication, Materiality, and Society"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSAA.2018.00018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","volume-title":"The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life","author":"Goffman Erving","year":"1959","unstructured":"Erving Goffman. 1959. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Anchor Books, New York."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2513383.2517030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3334480.3383142"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","article-title":"Explainable artificial intelligence (xai)","volume":"2","author":"Gunning David","year":"2017","unstructured":"David Gunning. 2017. Explainable artificial intelligence (xai). Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), nd Web 2, 2 (2017).","journal-title":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), nd Web"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2015.1113484"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173582"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2851581.2892578"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300597"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","volume-title":"15th Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security","author":"Hayes Jordan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jordan Hayes, Smirity Kaushik, Charlotte Emily Price, and Yang Wang. 2019. Cooperative privacy and security: Learning from people with visual impairments and their allies. In 15th Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security. USENIX."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0021-8308.2005.00263.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15252019.2010.10722168"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2998181.2998288"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2632048.2632079"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1414471.1414481"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","first-page":"37","volume-title":"10th Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security ( \\( \\lbrace \\) SOUPS \\( \\rbrace \\) 2014)","author":"Kang Ruogu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ruogu Kang, Stephanie Brown, Laura Dabbish, and Sara Kiesler. 2014. Privacy attitudes of Mechanical Turk workers and the US public. In 10th Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security ( \\( \\lbrace \\) SOUPS \\( \\rbrace \\) 2014). 37\u201349."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3274357"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","first-page":"38","article-title":"Academic sojourners, culture shock and intercultural adaptation: A trend analysis","volume":"10","author":"Khan R. M.","year":"2007","unstructured":"R. M. Khan and M. A. Khan. 2007. Academic sojourners, culture shock and intercultural adaptation: A trend analysis. Studies About Languages 10 (2007), 38\u201346.","journal-title":"Studies About Languages"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3351248"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","volume-title":"Nonverbal Communication in Human Interaction","author":"Knapp Mark L.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mark L. Knapp, Judith A. Hall, and Terrence G. Horgan. 2013. Nonverbal Communication in Human Interaction. Cengage Learning."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2785830.2785842"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2010.5626038"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","volume-title":"Workshop on Computer Vision Applications for the Visually Impaired","author":"Krishna Sreekar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sreekar Krishna, Dirk Colbry, John Black, Vineeth Balasubramanian, and Sethuraman Panchanathan. 2008. A systematic requirements analysis and development of an assistive device to enhance the social interaction of people who are blind or visually impaired. In Workshop on Computer Vision Applications for the Visually Impaired. James Coughlan and Roberto Manduchi, eds. Marseille, France. Springer, inria-00325432."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1090785.1090806"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-011-9640-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376398"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","volume-title":"NDSS Workshop on Usable Security (USEC)","author":"Lee Linda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Linda Lee, J. Lee, Serge Egelman, and David Wagner. 2016. Information disclosure concerns in the age of wearable computing. In NDSS Workshop on Usable Security (USEC), Vol. 1. The Internet Society, 1\u201310."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2053951718756684"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2046147X17694937"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11266-010-9153-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/popets-2017-0019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12126-010-9083-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025814"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3234695.3240994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556288.2557092"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_2","first-page":"104","article-title":"The nominative technique: A new method of estimating heroin prevalence.","author":"Miller Judith Droitcour","year":"1985","unstructured":"Judith Droitcour Miller. 1985. The nominative technique: A new method of estimating heroin prevalence.NIDA Research Monograph (1985), 104.","journal-title":"NIDA Research Monograph"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_2","unstructured":"Meredith Whittaker Meryl Alper Cynthia L. Bennett Sara Hendren Liz Kaziunas Mara Mills Meredith Ringel Morris Joy Rankin Emily Rogers Marcel Salas and others. 2019. Disability bias and AI. AI Now Institute ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173633"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2420150303"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1979419"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1620545.1620571"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_103_2","volume-title":"Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy","author":"O\u2019Neil Cathy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cathy O\u2019Neil. 2016. Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy. Crown. Broadway Books."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAI.2003.1250252"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3334480.3383103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21428\/2c646de5.62272586"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1124772.1124942"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858130"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2839462.2856518"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_110_2","first-page":"157","volume-title":"Proceedings of International Conference on Enabling Access for Persons with Visual Impairment","author":"Qiu Shi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shi Qiu, Jun Hu, and Matthias Rauterberg. 2015. Nonverbal signals for face-to-face communication between the blind and the sighted. In Proceedings of International Conference on Enabling Access for Persons with Visual Impairment. 157\u2013165."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2019.00014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11748625_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3476049"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753846.1753873"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015762"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00287-017-1077-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359246"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6653(199923)13:4<24::AID-DIR3>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1979044"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2851581.2892522"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3234695.3241017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2661334.2661338"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.5.859"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_126_2","article-title":"AI fairness for people with disabilities: Point of view","author":"Trewin Shari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shari Trewin. 2018. AI fairness for people with disabilities: Point of view. arXiv:1811.10670.","journal-title":"arXiv:1811.10670."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2022245.2022260"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_128_2","first-page":"104","article-title":"Audition for the traveler who is visually impaired","volume":"2","author":"Wiener W. R.","year":"1997","unstructured":"W. R. Wiener and G. Lawson. 1997. Audition for the traveler who is visually impaired. Foundations of Orientation and Mobility 2 (1997), 104\u2013169.","journal-title":"Foundations of Orientation and Mobility"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2735711.2735831"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3308561.3353788"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224545.2018.1493676"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7299113"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173789"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3506857","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3506857","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T19:31:09Z","timestamp":1750188669000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3506857"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]]},"references-count":132,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3506857"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3506857","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-7228","1936-7236"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-7228","type":"print"},{"value":"1936-7236","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-06-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-05-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}