{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T21:30:27Z","timestamp":1777152627218,"version":"3.51.4"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":31,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3506860.3506913","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T20:16:48Z","timestamp":1646338608000},"page":"336-346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Time-on-Task Estimation by data-driven Outlier Detection based on Learning Activities"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"Rotelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, Universit\u00e0 di Pisa, Italy"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Monreale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, Universit\u00e0 di Pisa, Italy"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charu\u00a0C Aggarwal and Philip\u00a0S Yu. 2001. Outlier detection for high dimensional data. In ACM SIGMOD. 37\u201346.  Charu\u00a0C Aggarwal and Philip\u00a0S Yu. 2001. Outlier detection for high dimensional data. In ACM SIGMOD. 37\u201346.","DOI":"10.1145\/376284.375668"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"A model of school learning. Teachers college record 64, 8","author":"Carroll John","year":"1963","unstructured":"John Carroll . 1963. A model of school learning. Teachers college record 64, 8 ( 1963 ), 723\u2013723. John Carroll. 1963. A model of school learning. Teachers college record 64, 8 (1963), 723\u2013723."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bodong Chen Simon Knight and Alyssa Wise. 2018. Critical issues in designing and implementing temporal analytics.Journal of Learning Analytics(2018).  Bodong Chen Simon Knight and Alyssa Wise. 2018. Critical issues in designing and implementing temporal analytics.Journal of Learning Analytics(2018).","DOI":"10.18608\/jla.2018.53.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Big Data and analytics in higher education: Opportunities and challenges. British journal of educational technology 46, 5","author":"Daniel Ben","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ben Daniel . 2015. Big Data and analytics in higher education: Opportunities and challenges. British journal of educational technology 46, 5 ( 2015 ), 904\u2013920. Ben Daniel. 2015. Big Data and analytics in higher education: Opportunities and challenges. British journal of educational technology 46, 5 (2015), 904\u2013920."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"How to design and report experiments","author":"Field Andy","unstructured":"Andy Field and Graham Hole . 2002. How to design and report experiments . Sage . Andy Field and Graham Hole. 2002. How to design and report experiments. Sage."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3303772.3303775"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2015.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Knowledge Tracking Variables in Intelligent Tutoring Systems. In Int. Conf. on Computer Supported Education - Vol 1: CSEDU,. SciTePress, 513\u2013518","author":"Grubi\u0161i\u0107 Ani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ani Grubi\u0161i\u0107 , Slavomir Stankov , Branko \u017ditko , Ines \u0160ari\u0107 , Suzana Toma\u0161 , Emil Brajkovi\u0107 , Tomislav Volari\u0107 , Daniel Vasi\u0107 , and Arta Dodaj . 2017 . Knowledge Tracking Variables in Intelligent Tutoring Systems. In Int. Conf. on Computer Supported Education - Vol 1: CSEDU,. SciTePress, 513\u2013518 . Ani Grubi\u0161i\u0107, Slavomir Stankov, Branko \u017ditko, Ines \u0160ari\u0107, Suzana Toma\u0161, Emil Brajkovi\u0107, Tomislav Volari\u0107, Daniel Vasi\u0107, and Arta Dodaj. 2017. Knowledge Tracking Variables in Intelligent Tutoring Systems. In Int. Conf. on Computer Supported Education - Vol 1: CSEDU,. SciTePress, 513\u2013518."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Outlier detection for skewed data","volume":"22","author":"Hubert Mia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mia Hubert and Stephan Van\u00a0der Veeken . 2008 . Outlier detection for skewed data . Journal of Chemometrics: A Journal of the Chemometrics Society 22 , 3 - 4 (2008), 235\u2013246. Mia Hubert and Stephan Van\u00a0der Veeken. 2008. Outlier detection for skewed data. Journal of Chemometrics: A Journal of the Chemometrics Society 22, 3-4(2008), 235\u2013246.","journal-title":"Journal of Chemometrics: A Journal of the Chemometrics Society"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2017.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAICT.2012.6398500"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2883851.2883911"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18608\/jla.2017.43.2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"BLED 2019 Proceedings. 57(2019)","author":"Knobbout Justian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Justian Knobbout , Huub Everaert , and Esther van\u00a0der Stappen . 2019 . From dirty data to multiple versions of truth: How different choices in data cleaning lead to different learning analytics outcomes. https:\/\/aisel.aisnet.org\/bled2019\/57 . BLED 2019 Proceedings. 57(2019) . Justian Knobbout, Huub Everaert, and Esther van\u00a0der Stappen. 2019. From dirty data to multiple versions of truth: How different choices in data cleaning lead to different learning analytics outcomes. https:\/\/aisel.aisnet.org\/bled2019\/57. BLED 2019 Proceedings. 57(2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bas Kolloffel Tessa\u00a0HS Eysink and Ton de Jong. 2011. Comparing the effects of representational tools in collaborative and individual inquiry learning. International journal of computer-supported collaborative learning 6 2(2011) 223\u2013251.  Bas Kolloffel Tessa\u00a0HS Eysink and Ton de Jong. 2011. Comparing the effects of representational tools in collaborative and individual inquiry learning. International journal of computer-supported collaborative learning 6 2(2011) 223\u2013251.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11412-011-9110-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18608\/jla.2015.23.6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.04.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22237\/jmasm\/1462076520"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigData.2015.7364110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3375462.3375534"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0844562118786647"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3375462.3375538"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19173\/irrodl.v18i2.2433"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Educational data mining","author":"Romero Crist\u00f3bal","unstructured":"Crist\u00f3bal Romero , Jos\u00e9\u00a0Ra\u00fal Romero , and Sebasti\u00e1n Ventura . 2014. A survey on pre-processing educational data . In Educational data mining . Springer , 29\u201364. Crist\u00f3bal Romero, Jos\u00e9\u00a0Ra\u00fal Romero, and Sebasti\u00e1n Ventura. 2014. A survey on pre-processing educational data. In Educational data mining. Springer, 29\u201364."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/SOFTCOM.2018.8555854"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Penetrating the fog: Analytics in learning and education.EDUCAUSE review 46, 5","author":"Siemens George","year":"2011","unstructured":"George Siemens and Phil Long . 2011. Penetrating the fog: Analytics in learning and education.EDUCAUSE review 46, 5 ( 2011 ), 30. George Siemens and Phil Long. 2011. Penetrating the fog: Analytics in learning and education.EDUCAUSE review 46, 5 (2011), 30."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Using multivariate statistics. Vol.\u00a05","author":"Tabachnick G","unstructured":"Barbara\u00a0 G Tabachnick , Linda\u00a0 S Fidell , and Jodie\u00a0 B Ullman . 2007. Using multivariate statistics. Vol.\u00a05 . Pearson Boston, MA . Barbara\u00a0G Tabachnick, Linda\u00a0S Fidell, and Jodie\u00a0B Ullman. 2007. Using multivariate statistics. Vol.\u00a05. Pearson Boston, MA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"Pang-Ning Tan Michael Steinbach Anuj Karpatne and Vipin Kumar. 2020. Introduction to Data Mining. Pearson Education.  Pang-Ning Tan Michael Steinbach Anuj Karpatne and Vipin Kumar. 2020. Introduction to Data Mining. Pearson Education."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2932769"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","unstructured":"Rosemary\u00a0H Wild Kenneth\u00a0A Griggs and Tanya Downing. 2002. A framework for e-learning as a tool for knowledge management. Industrial Management & Data Systems(2002).  Rosemary\u00a0H Wild Kenneth\u00a0A Griggs and Tanya Downing. 2002. A framework for e-learning as a tool for knowledge management. Industrial Management & Data Systems(2002)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2460296.2460324"}],"event":{"name":"LAK22: 12th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference","location":"Online USA","acronym":"LAK22"},"container-title":["LAK22: 12th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3506860.3506913","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3506860.3506913","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T19:31:10Z","timestamp":1750188670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3506860.3506913"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3506860.3506913","10.1145\/3506860"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3506860.3506913","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-03-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}