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To remedy this, the past two decades have witnessed an increase in accessibility research designed to investigate and address the challenges faced by people with visual impairments while programming or learning how to program. We conducted a literature review of accessibility research in this domain. The aim was to identify, aggregate, and highlight known accessibility barriers to programming faced by professional programmers and students with visual impairments learning how to code as well as to identify all solutions that have been proposed to address these barriers. We selected and analyzed 70 papers reporting on accessibility of programming and programming environments for people with visual impairments. Numerous barriers to programming by people with visual impairments have been identified in the literature. Some of these barriers are understudied and present opportunities for future work. A lot of studies have also proposed tools and new accessible programming languages to address the accessibility issues of current programming languages and programming environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3507469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T12:56:27Z","timestamp":1647867387000},"page":"1-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Addressing Accessibility Barriers in Programming for People with Visual Impairments: A Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3758-5183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aboubakar","family":"Mountapmbeme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, United States"}]},{"given":"Obianuju","family":"Okafor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, United States"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Ludi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, United States"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3132525.3132550"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VLHCC.2012.6344485"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"Stack Overflow Developer Survey 2020. https:\/\/insights.stackoverflow.com\/survey\/2020 (accessed Dec. 14 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"Welcome to the CS10K Community! | CS10K Community."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2676723.2677321"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"Learn | Code.org. https:\/\/code.org\/learn (accessed Sep. 19 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"Scratch - Imagine Program Share. https:\/\/scratch.mit.edu\/ (accessed Apr. 27 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Blockly | Google Developers. https:\/\/developers.google.com\/blockly (accessed Dec. 13 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","unstructured":"Pencil Code. https:\/\/pencilcode.net\/ (accessed Dec. 13 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"Statistics About Children and Youth with Vision Loss | American Foundation for the Blind. https:\/\/www.afb.org\/research-and-initiatives\/statistics\/statistics-blind-children#population16 (accessed Sep. 14 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3287324.3287453"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BB48857.2019.8941230"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702589"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173643"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","article-title":"Making programming accessible to learners with visual impairments: A literature review","volume":"2","author":"Hadwen-Bennett A.","year":"2018","unstructured":"A. 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