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Gunther Plaut Chair in Manufacturing Engineering"},{"name":"George Shrut Chair in Human Performance Management"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. Hum.-Robot Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Caregivers in eldercare can benefit from telepresence robots that allow them to perform a variety of tasks remotely. In order for such robots to be operated effectively and efficiently by non-technical users, it is important to examine if and how the robotic system\u2019s level of automation (LOA) impacts their performance. The objective of this work was to develop suitable LOA modes for a mobile robotic telepresence (MRP) system for eldercare and assess their influence on users\u2019 performance, workload, awareness of the environment, and usability at two different levels of task complexity. For this purpose, two LOA modes were implemented on the MRP platform: assisted teleoperation (low LOA mode) and autonomous navigation (high LOA mode). The system was evaluated in a user study with 20 participants, who, in the role of the caregiver, navigated the robot through a home-like environment to perform control and perception tasks. Results revealed that performance improved in the high LOA when task complexity was low. However, when task complexity increased, lower LOA improved performance. This opposite trend was also observed in the results for workload and situation awareness. We discuss the results in terms of the LOAs\u2019 impact on users\u2019 attitude towards automation and implications on usability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3507471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T13:04:39Z","timestamp":1644325479000},"page":"1-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Levels of Automation for a Mobile Robot Teleoperated by a Caregiver"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Samuel A.","family":"Olatunji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be\u2019er Sheva, Israel"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9991-1263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andre","family":"Potenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems (AASS), \u00d6rebro University, \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Andrey","family":"Kiselev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems (AASS), \u00d6rebro University, \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Tal","family":"Oron-Gilad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be\u2019er Sheva, Israel"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Loutfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems (AASS), \u00d6rebro University, \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Yael","family":"Edan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be\u2019er Sheva, Israel"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/info11020075"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5898\/JHRI.3.2.Beer"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","volume-title":"Human-centered Aircraft Automation: A Concept and Guidelines","author":"Billings Charles E.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Charles E. 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