{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:13:24Z","timestamp":1792804404945,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["IIS-1619384 and IIS-1652907"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIS-1619384 and IIS-1652907"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Access. Comput."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Evaluating the quality of accessible image captions with human raters is difficult, as it may be difficult for a visually impaired user to know how comprehensive a caption is, whereas a sighted assistant may not know what information a user will need from a caption. To explore how image captioners and caption consumers assess caption content, we conducted a series of collaborative captioning sessions in which six pairs, consisting of a blind person and their sighted partner, worked together to discuss, create, and evaluate image captions. By making captioning a collaborative task, we were able to observe captioning strategies, to elicit questions and answers about image captions, and to explore blind users\u2019 caption preferences. Our findings provide insight about the process of creating good captions and serve as a case study for cross-ability collaboration between blind and sighted people.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3507659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T10:04:27Z","timestamp":1646388267000},"page":"1-32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["What's in an ALT Tag? Exploring Caption Content Priorities through Collaborative Captioning"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8284-8659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annika","family":"Muehlbradt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaun K.","family":"Kane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/985692.985733"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1124772.1124785"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1124772.1124784"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1061811.1061813"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2910674.2935839"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3234695.3236348"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1866029.1866080"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1168987.1169018"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2049536.2049540"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","unstructured":"Steven Bird Ewan Klein and Edward Loper. 2009. Natural Language Processing with Python: Analyzing Text with the Natural Language Toolkit. O'Reilly Media."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing","author":"Brady Erin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Erin Brady, Meredith Ringel Morris, and Jeffrey P. Bigham. 2014. Friendsourcing for the greater good: Perceptions of social microvolunteering. In Proceedings of the 2nd AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2700648.2809864"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702511"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702525"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2384916.2384941"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","unstructured":"CBS News. 2015. Google Apologize for Mis-Tagging Photos of African Americans. Retrieved October 8 2015 from http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/google-photos-labeledpics-of-african-americans-as-gorillas\/ ."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/379537.379550"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","unstructured":"Juliet Corbin and Anselm Strauss. 2014. Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. Sage Publications."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","first-page":"2","article-title":"Some features of \u201calt\u201d texts associated with images in web pages","volume":"11","author":"Craven Timothy C.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Timothy C. Craven. 2006. Some features of \u201calt\u201d texts associated with images in web pages. Information Research: An International Electronic Journal 11, 2 (2006), 2.","journal-title":"Information Research: An International Electronic Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359293"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15561-1_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3308558.3313605"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3308561.3353792"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19331681.2010.508011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3174092"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3371300.3383347"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1296843.1296896"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2012.162"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","first-page":"359","article-title":"Collective generation of natural image descriptions","author":"Kuznetsova Polina","year":"2012","unstructured":"Polina Kuznetsova, Vicente Ordonez, Alexander Berg, Tamara Berg, and Yejin Choi. 2012. Collective generation of natural image descriptions. In Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). 359\u2013368.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","first-page":"504","article-title":"ABA resolution and report on website accessibility","volume":"31","author":"LaBarre Scott C.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Scott C. LaBarre. 2007. ABA resolution and report on website accessibility. Mental and Physical Disability Law Reporter 31, 4 (2007), 504\u2013507.","journal-title":"Mental and Physical Disability Law Reporter"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2513383.2517033"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1562164.1562197"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025814"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2733373.2807998"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2764916"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173633"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media","author":"Morris Meredith Ringel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Meredith Ringel Morris, Jaime Teevan, and Katrina Panovich. 2010. A comparison of information seeking using search engines and social networks. In Proceedings of the 4th International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858116"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-31603-6_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2011.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","first-page":"1143","article-title":"Im2Text: Describing images using 1 million captioned photographs","volume":"24","author":"Ordonez Vicente","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vicente Ordonez, Girish Kulkarni, and Tamara Berg. 2011. Im2Text: Describing images using 1 million captioned photographs. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 24 (2011), 1143\u20131151.","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Universal Access in Human Computer Interaction (HCII\u201905","author":"Petrie Helen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Helen Petrie, Chandra Harrison, and Sundeep Dev. 2005. Describing images on the web: A survey of current practice and prospects for the future. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Universal Access in Human Computer Interaction (HCII\u201905)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2207676.2207736"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing","author":"Salisbury Elliot","year":"2017","unstructured":"Elliot Salisbury, Ece Kamar, and Meredith Morris. 2017. Toward scalable social alt text: Conversational crowdsourcing as a tool for refining vision-to-language technology for the blind. In Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S8755-4615(00)00049-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3234695.3236337"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071181311551102"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3064663.3064689"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2016.61"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298935"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1101149.1101341"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2818048.2820013"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2661334.2661380"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1031607.1031662"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2998181.2998364"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_57_2","first-page":"Article 118, 18","article-title":"I didn't know that you knew I knew: Collaborative shopping practices between people with visual impairment and people with vision","volume":"1","author":"Wen Yuan Chien","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chien Wen Yuan, Benjamin V. Hanrahan, Sooyeon Lee, Mary Beth Rosson, and John M. Carroll. 2017. I didn't know that you knew I knew: Collaborative shopping practices between people with visual impairment and people with vision. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 1, CSCW (2017), Article 118, 18 pages.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3134756"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702437"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_60_2","first-page":"1682","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing","author":"Zyskowski Kathryn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kathryn Zyskowski, Meredith Ringel Morris, Jeffrey P. Bigham, Mary L. Gray, and Shaun K. Kane. 2015. Accessible crowdwork? Understanding the value in and challenge of microtask employment for people with disabilities. In Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing. 1682\u20131693."}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3507659","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3507659","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T18:10:15Z","timestamp":1750183815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3507659"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3507659"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3507659","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-7228","1936-7236"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-7228","type":"print"},{"value":"1936-7236","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-07-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-03-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}