{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T04:15:25Z","timestamp":1784002525444,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":157,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["#1665501, #1952144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#1665501, #1952144"]}]},{"name":"Illinois Justice Criminal Information Authority"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015331","name":"Pritzker Pucker Family Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>With increased focus on historically excluded populations, there have been recent calls for HCI research methods to more adequately acknowledge and address the historical context of racism, sexism, gendered racism, epistemic violence, classism, and so on. In this article, we utilize Black feminist epistemologies to serve as critical frameworks for understanding the historical context that reveals the interconnected systems of power that mutually influence one another to create unequal outcomes or social inequalities for different populations. Leveraging Black feminist thought (BFT) and intersectionality as critical social theories of design praxis, we introduce intersectional analysis of power\u2014a method that enables HCI researchers, designers, and practitioners to identify and situate saturated sites of violence in a historical context and to transform the ways in which they engage with populations that have been historically oppressed. Engaging in self-reflection as researchers, we apply an intersectional analysis of power to co-design technologies with community street outreach workers who address violence in their predominantly Black communities. We: (1) identify the saturated site of violence; (2) identify the intersecting systems of power and who holds power (past and present); (3) describe the \u201cconceptual glue\u201d that binds these intersecting systems together and the assumption(s) that those who hold power are employing to guide their interactions; (4) examine the ways in which Black people are subjugated, surveilled, and\/or expected to assimilate to \u201cnormative\u201d ways of being and behaving; and (5) identify acts of resistance. This article contributes an alternative to traditional HCI and design methods that falsely perpetuate a lens of neutrality and colorblindness that centers on whiteness, innovation, and capitalism and ignores the history of State-sanctioned violence and structural oppression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3507695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T13:26:59Z","timestamp":1663162019000},"page":"1-45","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["A Method to the Madness: Applying an Intersectional Analysis of Structural Oppression and Power in HCI and Design"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2819-1083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheena","family":"Erete","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland, College Park, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3201-4613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yolanda","family":"Rankin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6370-7316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakita","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auburn University, Auburn, AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","volume-title":"The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness","author":"Alexander Michelle","year":"2012","unstructured":"Michelle Alexander. 2012. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. The New Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411763.3450365"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"Kristin Anderson-Bricker. 1999. Triple Jeopardy: Black Women and the Growth of Feminist Consciousness in SNCC 1964-1975 . New York University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14680777.2018.1447395"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315147383","volume-title":"Linguistic Justice: Black Language, Literacy, Identity, and Pedagogy","author":"Baker-Bell April","year":"2020","unstructured":"April Baker-Bell. 2020. Linguistic Justice: Black Language, Literacy, Identity, and Pedagogy. Taylor and Francis, New York, NY."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300832"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753521","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"Bardzell Shaowen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shaowen Bardzell. 2010. Feminist HCI: Taking stock and outlining an agenda for design. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 1301\u20131310. DOI:10.1145\/1753326.1753521"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3127359"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1979041","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.","author":"Bardzell Shaowen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shaowen Bardzell and Jeffrey Bardzell. 2011. Towards a feminist HCI methodology: Social science, feminism, and HCI. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.Association for Computing Machinery, 675\u2013684. DOI:10.1145\/1978942.1979041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the CHI\u201911 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems.","author":"Bardzell Shaowen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shaowen Bardzell, Elizabeth Churchill, Jeffrey Bardzell, Jodi Forlizzi, Rebecca Grinter, and Deborah Tatar. 2011. Feminism and interaction design. In Proceedings of the CHI\u201911 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems.Association for Computing Machinery, 1\u20134. DOI:10.1145\/1979742.1979587"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"Simone De Beauvoir. 1949. . Editions Gallimard."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","volume-title":"Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center","author":"hooks Bell","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bell hooks. 1984. Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center. South End Press, Boston."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","volume-title":"Talking Back: Thinking Feminist, Thinking Black","author":"hooks Bell","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bell hooks. 1989. Talking Back: Thinking Feminist, Thinking Black. South End Press, Boston."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.","author":"Bellini Rosanna","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rosanna Bellini, Angelika Strohmayer, Ebtisam Alabdulqader, Alex A. Ahmed, Katta Spiel, Shaowen Bardzell, and Madeline Balaam. 2018. Feminist HCI: Taking stock, moving forward, and engaging community. In Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.Association for Computing Machinery, 1\u20134. DOI:10.1145\/3170427.3185370"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"Ruha Benjamin. 2019. Polity Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"2017","article-title":"What abolitionists do","volume":"24","author":"Berger Dan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dan Berger, Mariame Kaba, and David Stein. 2017. What abolitionists do. Jacobin, August 24 (2017), 2017.","journal-title":"Jacobin, August"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077800415615619"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","unstructured":"John Blake. 2021. Biden just dethroned the Welfare Queen. (2021). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2021\/05\/16\/politics\/biden-welfare-queen-blake\/index.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","unstructured":"Megan Botel. 2020. \u201cHow Black women worked to secure Joe Biden\u2019s election as presiden\u201d. (2020). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/opinion\/2020\/12\/02\/how-black-women-organized-voters-secure-joe-bidens-victory-column\/6475054002\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18574\/nyu\/9781479820375.001.0001","volume-title":"Distributed Blackness: African American Cybercultures","author":"Brock Andr\u00e9","year":"2020","unstructured":"Andr\u00e9 Brock. 2020. Distributed Blackness: African American Cybercultures. New York University Press, New York, NY."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","unstructured":"Quincy Brown. 2020. \u201cOn Being Black In Computing During These Days\u201d. (2020). Retrieved from https:\/\/medium.com\/@quincykbrown\/on-being-black-in-computing-during-these-days-54e049d56987."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3457869"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Machine Learning Research.","author":"Buolamwini J.","year":"2018","unstructured":"J. Buolamwini and T. Gebru. 2018. Gender shades: Intersectional accuracy disparities in commercial gender classification. In Proceedings of the Machine Learning Research.1\u201315."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"113469","article-title":"Depicting \u201cthe system\u201d: How structural racism and disenfranchisement in the United States can cause dynamics in community violence among males in urban Black communities","author":"Burrell Marcus","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marcus Burrell, Ann Marie White, Leah Frerichs, Melanie Funchess, Catherine Cerulli, Lauren DiGiovanni, and Kristen Hassmiller Lich. 2020. Depicting \u201cthe system\u201d: How structural racism and disenfranchisement in the United States can cause dynamics in community violence among males in urban Black communities. Social Science and Medicine (2020), 113469.","journal-title":"Social Science and Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031914-122509"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.","author":"Chivukula Shruthi Sai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shruthi Sai Chivukula and Colin M. Gray. 2020. Bardzell\u2019s \u201cfeminist HCI\u201d legacy: Analyzing citational patterns. In Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.Association for Computing Machinery, 1\u20138. DOI:10.1145\/3334480.3382936"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","unstructured":"The Combahee River Collective. 1977. The Combahee River Collective Statement: Black Feminist Organizing in the Seventies and Eighties. (1977)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","volume-title":"Black Feminist Thought","author":"Collins Patricia Hill","year":"2000","unstructured":"Patricia Hill Collins. 2000. Black Feminist Thought. Routledge, New York NY."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","volume-title":"Intersectionality as Critical Social Theory","author":"Collins Patricia Hill","year":"2019","unstructured":"Patricia Hill Collins. 2019. Intersectionality as Critical Social Theory. Duke University Press, Durham, NC."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","volume-title":"Intersectionality","author":"Collins Patricia Hill","year":"2016","unstructured":"Patricia Hill Collins and Sirma Bilge. 2016. Intersectionality. Polity Press, Cambridge, UK."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511628061","volume-title":"How Societies Remember","author":"Connerton Paul","year":"1989","unstructured":"Paul Connerton. 1989. How Societies Remember. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/12255.001.0001","volume-title":"Design Justice: Community-led Practices to Build the Worlds We Need","author":"Costanza-Chock Sasha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sasha Costanza-Chock. 2020. Design Justice: Community-led Practices to Build the Worlds We Need. The MIT Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","volume-title":"Thick: And Other Essays","author":"Cottom Tressie McMillan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tressie McMillan Cottom. 2018. Thick: And Other Essays. The New Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","first-page":"139","article-title":"Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist policies","author":"Crenshaw Kimberle","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kimberle Crenshaw. 1989. Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist policies. University of Chicago Legal Forum 19891 (1989), 139\u2013167.","journal-title":"University of Chicago Legal Forum 1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","unstructured":"Kimberle Crenshaw. 1993. Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics. (1993) 383\u201395 pages."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","first-page":"357","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Critical Race Theory","author":"Crenshaw Kimberle W.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kimberle W. Crenshaw. 1995. Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. In Proceedings of the Critical Race Theory. Kimberle W. Crenshaw, Neil Gotanda, Gary Peller, and Kendall Thomas (Eds.), The New Press, New York, 357\u2013383."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","volume-title":"Critical Race Theory","author":"Crenshaw Kimberley W.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kimberley W. Crenshaw, Neil Gotanda, Gary Peller, and Kendall Thomas. 1995. Critical Race Theory. The New Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13613324.2018.1468745"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","volume-title":"Women, Race and Class","author":"Davis Angela Y.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Angela Y. Davis. 1981. Women, Race and Class. Random House, Incorporated."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","volume-title":"Are Prisons Obsolete?","author":"Davis Angela Y.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Angela Y. Davis. 2011. Are Prisons Obsolete?Seven Stories Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","volume-title":"Telling to Live: Latina Feminist Testimonios","author":"Acevedo Luz del Alba","year":"2001","unstructured":"Luz del Alba Acevedo. 2001. Telling to Live: Latina Feminist Testimonios. Duke University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","volume-title":"White Fragility: Why It\u2019s So Hard for White People to Talk about Racism","author":"DiAngelo Robin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Robin DiAngelo. 2018. White Fragility: Why It\u2019s So Hard for White People to Talk about Racism. Beacon Press, Boston, MA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3449279"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","volume-title":"Data Feminism","author":"D\u2019Ignazio Catherine","year":"2020","unstructured":"Catherine D\u2019Ignazio and Lauren F. Klein. 2020. Data Feminism. MIT Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1978542.1978552"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1145\/3085560","article-title":"Socially just design and engendering social change","volume":"24","author":"Dombrowski Lynn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lynn Dombrowski. 2017. Socially just design and engendering social change. Interactions 24, 4(2017), 63\u201365.","journal-title":"Interactions"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1145\/2901790.2901861","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems.","author":"Dombrowski Lynn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lynn Dombrowski, Ellie Harmon, and Sarah Fox. 2016. Social justice-oriented interaction design: Outlining key design strategies and commitments. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems.Association for Computing Machinery, 656\u2013671. DOI:10.1145\/2901790.2901861"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-2001.2011.01177.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","first-page":"2612","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.","author":"D\u2019Ignazio Catherine","year":"2016","unstructured":"Catherine D\u2019Ignazio, Alexis Hope, Becky Michelson, Robyn Churchill, and Ethan Zuckerman. 2016. A feminist HCI approach to designing postpartum technologies: \u201cWhen i first saw a breast pump i was wondering if it was a joke\u201d. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.Association for Computing Machinery, 2612\u20132622. DOI:10.1145\/2858036.2858460"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","unstructured":"Lindsay Ellis. 2021. Behind Nikole Hannah-Jones\u2019s tenure case. (2021). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.chronicle.com\/article\/behind-nikole-hannah-joness-tenure-case-a-decade-of-political-interference-in-college-leadership."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sheena Erete Jessa Dickinson Alejandra C. Gonzalez and Yolanda A. Rankin. 2022. Unpacking the complexities of community-led violence prevention work. In Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery 15 pages. DOI:10.1145\/3491102.3502122","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3502122"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1145\/3194349","article-title":"An intersectional approach to designing in the margins","volume":"25","author":"Erete Sheena","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sheena Erete, Aarti Israni, and Tawanna Dillahunt. 2018. An intersectional approach to designing in the margins. Interactions 25, 3 (2018), 66\u201369.","journal-title":"Interactions"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3432933"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3451345"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15274\/tpj.2016.01.02.01"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","first-page":"387","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Companion of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing.","author":"Fox Sarah","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sarah Fox, Amanda Menking, Stephanie Steinhardt, Anna Lauren Hoffmann, and Shaowen Bardzell. 2017. Imagining intersectional futures: Feminist approaches in CSCW. In Proceedings of the Companion of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing.Association for Computing Machinery, 387\u2013393. DOI:10.1145\/3022198.3022665"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3406865.3419014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.060749"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","volume-title":"When and Where I Enter: The Impact of Black Women on Race and Sex in America","author":"Giddings Paula","year":"1984","unstructured":"Paula Giddings. 1984. When and Where I Enter: The Impact of Black Women on Race and Sex in America. William Morrow, New York."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","unstructured":"Ruth Wilson Gilmore and James Kilgore. 2019. The Case for Abolition. (2019). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.themarshallproject.org\/2019\/06\/19\/the-case-for-abolition."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","volume-title":"The Prison-industrial Complex and the Global Economy","author":"Goldberg Eve","year":"2009","unstructured":"Eve Goldberg. 2009. The Prison-industrial Complex and the Global Economy. ReadHowYouWant. com."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","unstructured":"Siobahn Day Grady Pamela Wisniewski Ron Metoyer Pamela Gibbs Karla Badillo-Urquiola Salma Elsayed-Ali and Eiad Yafi. 2020. Addressing Institutional Racism Within Initiatives for SIGCHI\u2019S Diversity and Inclusion. ACM Interactions Blog 11 (2020). Retrieved from https:\/\/interactions.acm.org\/blog\/view\/addressing-institutional-racism-within-initiatives-for-sigchis-diversity-an."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07491409.2012.724524"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1145\/1056808.1056822","volume-title":"Proceedings of the CHI\u201905 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems.","author":"Grudin Jonathan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jonathan Grudin. 2005. Why CHI fragmented. In Proceedings of the CHI\u201905 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems.Association for Computing Machinery, 1083\u20131084. DOI:10.1145\/1056808.1056822"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","volume-title":"Words of Fire: An Anthology of African-American Feminist Thought","author":"Guy-Sheftall Bevery","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bevery Guy-Sheftall. 2011. Words of Fire: An Anthology of African-American Feminist Thought. New Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","article-title":"Our democracy\u2019s founding ideals were false when they were written. Black Americans have fought to make them true","author":"Hannah-Jones Nikole","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nikole Hannah-Jones. 2019. Our democracy\u2019s founding ideals were false when they were written. Black Americans have fought to make them true. New York Times Magazine (2019).","journal-title":"New York Times Magazine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","unstructured":"Sandra G. Harding. 2004. The Feminist Standpoint Theory Reader. (2004)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359318"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","unstructured":"Christina Harrington Yolanda Rankin Jasmine Jones Robin Brewer Sheena Erete Tawanna Dillahunt and Quincy Brown. 2020. A CALL TO ACTION FOR THE ACM. ACM Interactions (2020). Retrieved from http:\/\/interactions.acm.org\/blog\/view\/a-call-to-action-for-the-acm."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3386381"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","volume-title":"Outsider Within: Reworking Anthropology in the Global Age","author":"Harrison Faye Venetia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Faye Venetia Harrison. 2008. Outsider Within: Reworking Anthropology in the Global Age. University of Illinois Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/0034654320946822"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","volume-title":"Righteous Discontent: The Women\u2019s Movement in the Black Baptist Church 1880-1920","author":"Higginbotham Evelyn Brooks","year":"1993","unstructured":"Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham. 1993. Righteous Discontent: The Women\u2019s Movement in the Black Baptist Church 1880-1920. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6629(199601)24:1<26::AID-JCOP3>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Exposure to community violence and African American children: A multidimensional model of risks and resources","volume":"24","author":"Hill Hope M.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hope M. Hill and Serge Madhere. 1996. Exposure to community violence and African American children: A multidimensional model of risks and resources. Journal of Community Psychology 24, 1 (1996), 26\u201343.","journal-title":"Journal of Community Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","volume-title":"Black Women in America: An Historical Encyclopedia","author":"Hine Darlene Clark","year":"1993","unstructured":"Darlene Clark Hine, Elsa Barkley Brown, and Rosalyn Terborg-Penn. 1993. Black Women in America: An Historical Encyclopedia. Carlson, New York."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility","author":"Hofmann Megan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Megan Hofmann, Devva Kasnitz, Jennifer Mankoff, and Cynthia L. Bennett. 2020. Living disability theory: Reflections on access, research, and design. In Proceedings of the 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility. 1\u201313."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","first-page":"14","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.","author":"Hope Alexis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alexis Hope, Catherine D\u2019Ignazio, Josephine Hoy, Rebecca Michelson, Jennifer Roberts, Kate Krontiris, and Ethan Zuckerman. 2019. Hackathons as participatory design: Iterating feminist utopias. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.Association for Computing Machinery, 14 pages. DOI:10.1145\/3290605.3300291"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","article-title":"\u201cDesign thinking\u201d: Defending Silicon Valley at the apex of global labor hierarchies","volume":"4","author":"Irani Lilly","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lilly Irani. 2018. \u201cDesign thinking\u201d: Defending Silicon Valley at the apex of global labor hierarchies. Catalyst: Feminism, Theory, Technoscience 4, 1 (2018).","journal-title":"Catalyst: Feminism, Theory, Technoscience"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753522","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.","author":"Irani Lilly","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lilly Irani, Janet Vertesi, Paul Dourish, Kavita Philip, and Rebecca E. Grinter. 2010. Postcolonial computing: A lens on design and development. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.Association for Computing Machinery, 1311\u20131320. DOI:10.1145\/1753326.1753522"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4573","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858592","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.","author":"Irani Lilly C.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lilly C. Irani and M. Six Silberman. 2016. Stories we tell about labor: Turkopticon and the trouble with \u201cdesign\u201d. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.Association for Computing Machinery, 4573\u20134586. DOI:10.1145\/2858036.2858592"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300329"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","unstructured":"Yousef Jalali Shernita Lee and Justin Grimes. 2021. The HBCU\/MSI research summit: Building relationships and exploring the process of inter-institutional partnership between a PWI and HBCUs and MSIs. (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","unstructured":"Alyssa AL. James Brendane A. Tynes and The Luminary. 2021. Taking Account(s): Witnessing as an Act of Care Workshop. (2021). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.eventbrite.com\/e\/taking-accounts-witnessing-as-an-act-of-care-workshop-tickets-183763821537?utm_source=eventbrite&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=event_reminder&utm_term=eventname."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445161"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","volume-title":"Double Burden: Black Women and Everyday Racism","author":"Jean Yanick St.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Yanick St. Jean and Joe R. Feagin. 1998. Double Burden: Black Women and Everyday Racism. M. E. Sharpe, Inc."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","volume-title":"Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America","author":"Kendi Ibram X.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ibram X. Kendi. 2016. Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America. National Books."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","volume-title":"How to be an Antiracist","author":"Kendi Ibram X.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ibram X. Kendi. 2019. How to be an Antiracist. One World, Random House, New York."},{"issue":"46","key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","article-title":"How black slaves were sold as specimens to white doctors","volume":"92","author":"Kenny Stephen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stephen Kenny. 2015. How black slaves were sold as specimens to white doctors. The Miami Times 92, 46 (2015).","journal-title":"The Miami Times"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10612-012-9165-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3305360"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359269"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359269"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1177\/016146819509700104","article-title":"Towards a critical race theory of education","volume":"97","author":"Ladson-Billings Gloria","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gloria Ladson-Billings and William F. Tate. 1995. Towards a critical race theory of education. Teachers College Record 97, 1 (1995), 47\u201367.","journal-title":"Teachers College Record"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_2","unstructured":"Denise Lavoie. 2014. Daunte Wright: Doting dad ballplayer slain by police. (2014). Retrieved from https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/daunte-wright-shooting-minnesota-f70fb7fc4c205740507b7ec53d7315f0."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3462326"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_2","first-page":"18","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.","author":"Leal Debora de Castro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Debora de Castro Leal, Angelika Strohmayer, and Max Kr\u00fcger. 2021. On activism and academia: Reflecting together and sharing experiences among critical friends. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.Association for Computing Machinery, 18 pages. DOI:10.1145\/3411764.3445263"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3443686"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_2","first-page":"16","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.","author":"Lin Cindy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cindy Lin and Silvia Margot Lindtner. 2021. Techniques of use: Confronting value systems of productivity, progress, and usefulness in computing and design. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.Association for Computing Machinery, 16 pages. DOI:10.1145\/3411764.3445237"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1145\/3429776","article-title":"Collusion rings threaten the integrity of computer science research","volume":"64","author":"Littman Michael L.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Michael L. Littman. 2021. Collusion rings threaten the integrity of computer science research. Communications of the ACM 64, 6 (2021), 43\u201344.","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_101_2","volume-title":"Sister Outsider : Essays and Speeches","author":"Lorde Audre","year":"1984","unstructured":"Audre Lorde. 1984. Sister Outsider : Essays and Speeches. Crossing Press, Trumansburg, NY."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_102_2","volume-title":"African American Women Scientists and Engineers: A Phenomenological Study of Early-career Faculty Experiences","author":"Lucero Maria Cecilia","year":"2002","unstructured":"Maria Cecilia Lucero. 2002. African American Women Scientists and Engineers: A Phenomenological Study of Early-career Faculty Experiences. University of Michigan."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3445985"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.17763\/haer.81.2.a84201x508406327","article-title":"The double bind: The next generation","volume":"81","author":"Malcom Lindsey","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lindsey Malcom and Shirley Malcom. 2011. The double bind: The next generation. Harvard Educational Review 81, 2 (2011), 162\u2013172.","journal-title":"Harvard Educational Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1145\/1878803.1878807","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 12th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility.","author":"Mankoff Jennifer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jennifer Mankoff, Gillian R. Hayes, and Devva Kasnitz. 2010. Disability studies as a source of critical inquiry for the field of assistive technology. In Proceedings of the 12th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility.Association for Computing Machinery, 3\u201310. DOI:10.1145\/1878803.1878807"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_106_2","volume-title":"Black Feminist Anthropology: Theory, Politics, Praxis, and Poetics","author":"McClaurin Irma","year":"2001","unstructured":"Irma McClaurin. 2001. Black Feminist Anthropology: Theory, Politics, Praxis, and Poetics. Rutgers University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_107_2","unstructured":"Esme Murphy. 2020. \u2018I Can\u2019t Breathe!\u2019: Video Of Fatal Arrest Shows Minneapolis Officer Kneeling On George Floyd\u2019s Neck For Several Minutes. (2020). Retrieved from https:\/\/minnesota.cbslocal.com\/2020\/05\/26\/george-floyd-man-dies-after-being-arrested-by-minneapolis-police-fbi-called-to-investigate\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_108_2","unstructured":"Pauli Murray. 1970. The Liberation of Black Women. (1970) 87\u2013102 pages."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_109_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.","author":"Narvilkar Manasee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Manasee Narvilkar, Josiah Mangiameli, Adriana Alvarado Garcia, Azra Ismail, Daniel Schiff, Danielle Schechter, Jordan Chen, Karthik Bhat, Marisol Wong-Villacres, Anusha Vasudeva, Aparna Ramesh, Michaelanne Dye, Naveena Karusala, Pragati Singh, Savanthi Murthy, Shubhangi Gupta, Udaya Lakshmi, and Neha Kumar. 2019. Bringing shades of feminism to human-centered computing. In Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.Association for Computing Machinery, 1\u201312. DOI:10.1145\/3290607.3310419"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_110_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.","author":"Ogbonnaya-Ogburu Ihudiya Finda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ihudiya Finda Ogbonnaya-Ogburu, Angela D. R. Smith, Alexandra To, and Kentaro Toyama. 2020. Critical race theory for HCI. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.Association for Computing Machinery, 1\u201316. DOI:10.1145\/3313831.3376392"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_111_2","volume-title":"All Deliberate Speed: Reflections on the First Half Century of Brown v. Board of Education","author":"Ogletree Charles J.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Charles J. Ogletree. 2004. All Deliberate Speed: Reflections on the First Half Century of Brown v. Board of Education. WW Norton and Company."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_112_2","article-title":"White supremacy culture","author":"Okun Tema","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tema Okun. 1999. White supremacy culture. Dismantling Racism: A Workbook for Social Change Groups, Durham, NC: Change Work. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.dismantlingracism.org\/Dismantling_Racism\/liNKs_files\/whitesupcul09.pdf.","journal-title":"Dismantling Racism: A Workbook for Social Change Groups, Durham, NC: Change Work"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_113_2","unstructured":"R. A. Oppel and D. B. Taylor. 2020. Here\u2019s What You Need To Know About Breonna Taylor\u2019s Death. (2020). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/article\/breonna-taylor-police.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_114_2","first-page":"709","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"Pal Joyojeet","year":"2017","unstructured":"Joyojeet Pal. 2017. CHI4Good or Good4CHI. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 709\u2013721."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_115_2","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.","author":"Pierre Jennifer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jennifer Pierre, Roderic Crooks, Morgan Currie, Britt Paris, and Irene Pasquetto. 2021. Getting ourselves together: Data-centered participatory design research and epistemic burden. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.Association for Computing Machinery11 pages. DOI:10.1145\/3411764.3445103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_116_2","article-title":"Bones of black children killed in police bombing used in Ivy League anthropology course","author":"Pilkington Ed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ed Pilkington. 2021. Bones of black children killed in police bombing used in Ivy League anthropology course. The Guardian (London) (2021).","journal-title":"The Guardian (London)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2971","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1979382","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.","author":"Rader Emilee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Emilee Rader, Margaret Echelbarger, and Justine Cassell. 2011. Brick by brick: Iterating interventions to bridge the achievement gap with virtual peers. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.Association for Computing Machinery, 2971\u20132974. DOI:10.1145\/1978942.1979382"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3449291","article-title":"Centering black youth: Resisting racism in tech design","author":"Rankin Yolanda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yolanda Rankin and Kallayah Henderson. 2021. Centering black youth: Resisting racism in tech design. Journal of the ACM Human-Computer InteractionCSCW (2021).","journal-title":"Journal of the ACM Human-Computer Interaction"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3415188","article-title":"A seat at the table: Black feminist thought as a critical framework for inclusive game design","author":"Rankin Yolanda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yolanda Rankin and India Irish. 2020. A seat at the table: Black feminist thought as a critical framework for inclusive game design. In Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3363033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1145\/3328778.3366873","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 51st ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education.","author":"Rankin Yolanda A.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yolanda A. Rankin and Jakita O. Thomas. 2020. The intersectional experiences of black women in computing. In Proceedings of the 51st ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education.Association for Computing Machinery, 199\u2013205. DOI:10.1145\/3328778.3366873"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1145\/3408877.3432432","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 52nd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education.","author":"Rankin Yolanda A.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yolanda A. Rankin, Jakita O. Thomas, and Sheena Erete. 2021. Real talk: Saturated sites of violence in CS education. In Proceedings of the 52nd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education.Association for Computing Machinery, 802\u2013808. DOI:10.1145\/3408877.3432432"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3416498"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_124_2","volume-title":"Making All Black Lives Matter: Reimagining Freedom in the 21st Century","author":"Ransby Barbara","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barbara Ransby. 2018. Making All Black Lives Matter: Reimagining Freedom in the 21st Century. University of Callifornia Press, Oakland, CA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_125_2","volume-title":"The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How our Government Segregated America","author":"Rothstein Richard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Richard Rothstein. 2017. The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How our Government Segregated America. Liveright Publishing."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_126_2","article-title":"Penn Museum apologizes for its \u201cunethical\u201d collection of human skulls and says it will repatriate remains of Black Philadelphians and others","author":"Salisbury Stephan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stephan Salisbury. 2021. Penn Museum apologizes for its \u201cunethical\u201d collection of human skulls and says it will repatriate remains of Black Philadelphians and others. Knight-Ridder\/Tribune Business News (2021).","journal-title":"Knight-Ridder\/Tribune Business News"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.2307\/2207450","article-title":"The use of blacks for medical experimentation and demonstration in the old south","volume":"48","author":"Savit T. L.","year":"1982","unstructured":"T. L. Savit. 1982. The use of blacks for medical experimentation and demonstration in the old south. The Journal of Southern History 48, 3 (1982), 331\u2013348.","journal-title":"The Journal of Southern History"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025766"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5406\/illinois\/9780252039645.001.0001","volume-title":"Spatializing Blackness Architectures of Confinement and Black Masculinity in Chicago","author":"Shabazz Rashad","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rashad Shabazz. 2015. Spatializing Blackness Architectures of Confinement and Black Masculinity in Chicago. University of Illinois Press. 2015006779"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_130_2","volume-title":"Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race","author":"Shetterly Margot Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Margot Lee Shetterly. 2016. Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race. HarperCollins, New York, NY."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_131_2","unstructured":"ACM SIGCHI. 2021. SIGCHI. (2021). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.sigchi.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_132_2","unstructured":"Ryan Sit. 2018. Trump Thinks Only Black People Are on Welfare But Really White Americans Receive Most Benefits. (2018). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/donald-trump-welfare-black-white-780252."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_133_2","volume-title":"Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples","author":"Smith Linda Tuhiwai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Linda Tuhiwai Smith. 2013. Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples. Zed Books Ltd."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1527476420983745"},{"issue":"23","key":"e_1_3_2_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1177\/107780040200800103","article-title":"Critical race methodology: Counter-storytelling as an analytical framework for education research","volume":"8","author":"Solorzano Daniel G.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Daniel G. Solorzano and Tara J. Yosso. 2002. Critical race methodology: Counter-storytelling as an analytical framework for education research. Qualitative Inquiry 8, 23 (2002), 23\u201344. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/249735081_Critical_Race_Methodology_Counter-Storytelling_as_an_Analytical_Framework_for_Education_Research.","journal-title":"Qualitative Inquiry"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1145\/3338283","article-title":"How to do better with gender on surveys: A guide for HCI researchers","volume":"26","author":"Spiel Katta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Katta Spiel, Oliver Haimson, and Danielle Lottridge. 2019. How to do better with gender on surveys: A guide for HCI researchers. Interactions (New York, N.Y.) 26, 4 (2019), 62\u201365.","journal-title":"Interactions (New York, N.Y.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/00028312043004701"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X06298008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_139_2","volume-title":"Oxford Dictionary of English","author":"Stevenson Angus","year":"2010","unstructured":"Angus Stevenson. 2010. Oxford Dictionary of English. Oxford University Press."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_140_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.5325\/critphilrace.1.2.0190","article-title":"Inheriting racist disparities in health: Epigenetics and the transgenerational effects of white racism","volume":"1","author":"Sullivan Shannon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shannon Sullivan. 2013. Inheriting racist disparities in health: Epigenetics and the transgenerational effects of white racism. Critical Philosophy of Race 1, 2 (2013), 190\u2013218. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.5325\/critphilrace.1.2.0190.","journal-title":"Critical Philosophy of Race"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_141_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alex Taylor. 2011. Out there. 685\u2013694. DOI:10.1145\/1978942.1979042","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1979042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1979042","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"Taylor Alex S.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alex S. Taylor. 2011. Out there. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 685\u2013694."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_143_2","volume-title":"From #BlackLivesMatter to Black Liberation","author":"Taylor Keeanga-Yamahtta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor. 2016. From #BlackLivesMatter to Black Liberation. Haymarket Books, Chicago."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_144_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 Research on Equity and Sustained Participation in Engineering, Computing, and Technology, RESPECT 2018","author":"Thomas Jakita O.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jakita O. Thomas, Nicole Joseph, Arian Williams, Chanrtel Crum, and Jamika Burge. 2018. Speaking truth to power: Exploring the intersectional experiences of black women in computing. In Proceedings of the 2018 Research on Equity and Sustained Participation in Engineering, Computing, and Technology, RESPECT 2018. DOI:10.1109\/RESPECT.2018.8491718"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_145_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3468783"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_146_2","unstructured":"Jakita O. Thomas Yolanda Rankin and Nicole Joseph. in preparation. Knighting and blessing: Understanding the role of white supremacy culture in the intersectional experiences of black women in computing. (in preparation)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_147_2","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.","author":"To Alexandra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alexandra To, Hillary Carey, Geoff Kaufman, and Jessica Hammer. 2021. Reducing uncertainty and offering comfort: Designing technology for coping with interpersonal racism. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.Association for Computing Machinery, 17 pages. DOI:10.1145\/3411764.3445590"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_148_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3392828"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_149_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108555722","volume-title":"Segregation by Design: Local Politics and Inequality in American Cities","author":"Trounstine Jessica","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jessica Trounstine. 2018. Segregation by Design: Local Politics and Inequality in American Cities. Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_150_2","unstructured":"Eric Tucker. 2013. Mother: Woman killed in DC chase was depressed. (2013). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.statesboroherald.com\/nation\/mother-woman-killed-in-dc-chase-was-depressed\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_151_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203046586","volume-title":"The Evolution of Deficit Thinking: Educational Thought and Practice","author":"Valencia Richard R.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Richard R. Valencia. 2012. The Evolution of Deficit Thinking: Educational Thought and Practice. Routledge."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_152_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.","author":"Vlachokyriakos Vasillis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vasillis Vlachokyriakos, Clara Crivellaro, Pete Wright, and Patrick Olivier. 2018. Infrastructuring the solidarity economy: Unpacking strategies and tactics in designing social innovation. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.Association for Computing Machinery, 1\u201312. DOI:10.1145\/3173574.3174055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_153_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732305278651"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_154_2","volume-title":"Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times to the Present (1st ed.)","author":"Washington Harriet A.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Harriet A. Washington. 2006. Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times to the Present (1st ed.). Doubleday, New York. 2005051873"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_155_2","volume-title":"Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology","author":"Weber Max","year":"1968","unstructured":"Max Weber. 1968. Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology. Bedminster Press, New York."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_156_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3447794"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_157_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1145\/3196709.3196794","article-title":"Designing for intersections","author":"Wong-Villacres Marisol","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marisol Wong-Villacres, Arkadeep Kumar, Aditya Vishwanath, Naveena Karusala, Betsy DiSalvo, and Neha Kumar. 2018. Designing for intersections. In Proceedings of the 2018 Designing Interactive Systems Conference. 45\u201358.","journal-title":"In Proceedings of the 2018 Designing Interactive Systems Conference"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_158_2","unstructured":"Holly Yan Melissa Alonso Madeline Holcombe and Amir Vera. 2021. Andre Hill\u2019s family is relieved that the ex-officer who killed him is indicted. But they\u2019re not satisfied yet. (2021). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2021\/02\/04\/us\/andre-hill-killing-police-court-appearance\/index.html."}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3507695","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3507695","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T18:10:15Z","timestamp":1750183815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3507695"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]]},"references-count":157,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3507695"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3507695","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-0516","1557-7325"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-0516","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7325","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-06-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}