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Des. Autom. Electron. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The conventional on-chip spiral inductor consumes a significant top-metal routing area, thereby preventing its popularity in many on-chip applications. Recently through-silicon-via\u2013 (TSV) based inductor (also known as a TSV-inductor) with a magnetic core has been proved to be a viable option for the on-chip DC-DC converter. The operating conditions of these inductors play a major role in maximizing the performance and efficiency of the DC-DC converter. However, there is a critical need to study the design and optimization details of magnetic core TSV-inductors with the unique three-dimensional structure embedding magnetic core. This article aims to provide a clear understanding of the modeling details of a magnetic core TSV-inductor and a design and optimization methodology to assist efficient inductor design. Moreover, a machine learning\u2013assisted model combining physical details and artificial neural network is also proposed to extract the equivalent circuit to further facilitate DC-DC converter design. Experimental results show that the optimized TSV-inductor with the magnetic core and air-gap can achieve inductance density improvement of up to 7.7\n            <jats:inline-formula content-type=\"math\/tex\">\n              <jats:tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\" version=\"MathJax\">\\( \\times \\)<\/jats:tex-math>\n            <\/jats:inline-formula>\n            and quality factor improvements of up to 1.6\n            <jats:inline-formula content-type=\"math\/tex\">\n              <jats:tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\" version=\"MathJax\">\\( \\times \\)<\/jats:tex-math>\n            <\/jats:inline-formula>\n            for the same footprint compared with the TSV-inductor without a magnetic core. For on-chip DC-DC converter applications, the converter efficiency can be improved by up to 15.9% and 6.8% compared with the conventional spiral and TSV-inductor without magnetic core, respectively.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3507700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T13:42:02Z","timestamp":1646660522000},"page":"1-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Magnetic Core TSV-Inductor Design and Optimization for On-chip DC-DC Converter"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Chenyi","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baixin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9724-1585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umamaheswara Rao","family":"Tida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Dakota State University, North Dakota, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiyu","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2610-7522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng","family":"Zhuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2408776.2408797"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Applied Power Electronics Conference","author":"Burton E. 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