{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T16:41:59Z","timestamp":1783528919488,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":149,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004063","name":"Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004063","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Adnane Mansour, Olivier Boissier, and Antoine Zimmermann"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"French National Research Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ANR-19-CE23-00030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-19-CE23-00030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Netidee SCIENCE programmes","award":["V 759-N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["V 759-N"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"US National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["IIS-1908374"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIS-1908374"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Internet Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The study of autonomous agents has a long history in the Multiagent System and the Semantic Web communities, with applications ranging from automating business processes to personal assistants. More recently, the Web of Things (WoT), which is an extension of the Internet of Things (IoT) with metadata expressed in Web standards, and its community provide further motivation for pushing the autonomous agents research agenda forward. Although representing and reasoning about norms, policies, and preferences is crucial to ensuring that autonomous agents act in a manner that satisfies stakeholder requirements, normative concepts, policies, and preferences have yet to be considered as first-class abstractions in Web-based multiagent systems. Towards this end, this article motivates the need for alignment and joint research across the Multiagent Systems, Semantic Web, and WoT communities, introduces a conceptual framework for governance of autonomous agents on the Web, and identifies several research challenges and opportunities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3507910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T19:05:56Z","timestamp":1643915156000},"page":"1-31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Governance of Autonomous Agents on the Web: Challenges and Opportunities"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6458-2252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timotheus","family":"Kampik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Umeniversity, Ume, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7821-5085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adnane","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mines Saint-\u00c9tienne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2956-0533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Boissier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mines Saint-\u00c9tienne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6955-7718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina","family":"Kirrane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wirtschaftsuniversit\u00e4t Wien, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1314-2094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian","family":"Padget","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bath, Bath, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry R.","family":"Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3599-3893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Munindar P.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1320-610X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Tamma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1502-6986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoine","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mines Saint-\u00c9tienne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2018\/4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2010.93"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-51417-4_13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"140","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 14th Workshop-School on Agents, Environments, and Applications","author":"Amaral Cleber Jorge","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cleber Jorge Amaral, Jomi Fred H\u00fcbner, and Timotheus Kampik. 2020. Towards JaCaMo-rest: A resource-oriented abstraction for managing multi-agent systems. In Proceedings of the 14th Workshop-School on Agents, Environments, and Applications, Gleifer Vaz Alves, Gustavo Guim\u00e9nez Lug, Andr\u00e9 Pinz Borgeso, and Carlos Eduardo Pantoja (Eds.). UTFPR, Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil, 140\u2013151."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","volume-title":"Normative Multi-Agent Systems (Dagstuhl Seminar 12111)","author":"Andrighetto Giulia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Giulia Andrighetto, Guido Governatori, Pablo Noriega, and Leon van der Torre. 2012. Normative Multi-Agent Systems (Dagstuhl Seminar 12111). Technical Report 3. Schloss Dagstuhl-Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-48005-6_27"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2004.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","volume-title":"How to Do Things with Words","author":"Austin John Langshaw","year":"1962","unstructured":"John Langshaw Austin. 1962. How to Do Things with Words. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2009.8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","volume-title":"Handbook of Formal Argumentation","author":"Baroni Pietro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pietro Baroni, Dov M. Gabbay, Massimiliano Giacomin, and Leendert van der Torre. 2018. Handbook of Formal Argumentation. College Publications, Rickmansworth."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-11964-9_14","volume-title":"The Semantic Web \u2013 ISWC 2014","author":"Beek Wouter","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wouter Beek, Laurens Rietveld, Hamid R. Bazoobandi, Jan Wielemaker, and Stefan Schlobach. 2014. LOD laundromat: A uniform way of publishing other people\u2019s dirty data. In The Semantic Web \u2013 ISWC 2014, Peter Mika, Tania Tudorache, Abraham Bernstein, Chris Welty, Craig Knoblock, Denny Vrande\u010di\u0107, Paul Groth, Natasha Noy, Krzysztof Janowicz, and Carole Goble (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 213\u2013228."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1197665"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-98197-0_18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0501-34"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Proceedings of CMNA Workshop at ECAI\u201904","author":"Boella G.","year":"2004","unstructured":"G. Boella, J. Hulstijn, and L. van der Torre. 2004. Persuasion strategies in dialogue. In Proceedings of CMNA Workshop at ECAI\u201904. Online Proceedings, University of Liverpool, Valencia, 29\u201332."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10588-006-9537-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","volume-title":"Multi-agent Oriented Programming: Programming Multi-agent Systems Using JaCaMo","author":"Boissier Olivier","year":"2020","unstructured":"Olivier Boissier, Rafael H. Bordini, Jomi H\u00fcbner, and Alessandro Ricci. 2020. Multi-agent Oriented Programming: Programming Multi-agent Systems Using JaCaMo. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13218-020-00677-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74615-7_4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1197104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/267985"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-7643-7348-2_7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","volume-title":"Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (5th Edition), W3C Recommendation 26 November 2008","author":"Bray Tim","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tim Bray, Jean Paoli, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, Eve Maler, and Fran\u00e7ois Yergeau. 2008. Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (5th Edition), W3C Recommendation 26 November 2008. W3C Recommendation. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Retrieved February 18, 2022 from https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/2008\/REC-xml-20081126\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","volume-title":"RDF Schema 1.1, W3C Recommendation 25 February 2014","author":"Brickley Dan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dan Brickley and Ramanathan V. Guha. 2014. RDF Schema 1.1, W3C Recommendation 25 February 2014. W3C Recommendation. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Retrieved February 18, 2022 from http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/2014\/REC-rdf-schema-20140225\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(91)90053-M"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","first-page":"1115","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI\u201901), Seattle, Washington, August 4-10, 2001","author":"Bryson Joanna","year":"2001","unstructured":"Joanna Bryson and Lynn Andrea Stein. 2001. Modularity and design in reactive intelligence. In Proceedings of the 17th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI\u201901), Seattle, Washington, August 4-10, 2001, Bernhard Nebel (Ed.). Morgan Kaufmann, Palo Alto, CA, 1115\u20131120."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","article-title":"JACK intelligent agents\u2014Components for intelligent agents in JAVA","author":"Busetta Paolo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Paolo Busetta, Ralph R\u00f6nnquist, Andrew Hodgson, and Andrew Lucas. 2019. JACK intelligent agents\u2014Components for intelligent agents in JAVA. Retrieved February 18, 2022 from https:\/\/aosgrp.com\/media\/research\/jack\/busetta99jack.pdf.","journal-title":"Retrieved February 18, 2022 from https:\/\/aosgrp.com\/media\/research\/jack\/busetta99jack.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","first-page":"255","volume-title":"The Semantic Web: Trends and Challenges \u201411th International Conference (ESWC\u201914), Anissaras, Crete, Greece, May 25-29, 2014. Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science)","volume":"8465","author":"Cabrio Elena","year":"2014","unstructured":"Elena Cabrio, Alessio Palmero Aprosio, and Serena Villata. 2014. These are your rights\u2014a natural language processing approach to automated RDF licenses generation. In The Semantic Web: Trends and Challenges \u201411th International Conference (ESWC\u201914), Anissaras, Crete, Greece, May 25-29, 2014. Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science), Vol. 8465. Springer, Cham, 255\u2013269."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10458-020-09478-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2012.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24608-4_11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","volume-title":"Handbook of Normative Multiagent Systems","author":"Chopra Amit","year":"2018","unstructured":"Amit Chopra, Leendert van der Torre, Harko Verhagen, and Serena Villata. 2018. Handbook of Normative Multiagent Systems. College Publications, Rickmansworth."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.1.12212"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2872427.2883018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","volume-title":"Web of Things (WoT) Discovery, W3C First Public Working Draft 24 November 2020","author":"Cimmino Andrea","year":"2020","unstructured":"Andrea Cimmino, Michael McCool, Farshid Tavakolizadeh, and Kunihiko Toumura. 2020. Web of Things (WoT) Discovery, W3C First Public Working Draft 24 November 2020. W3C First Public Working Draft. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/2020\/WD-wot-discovery-20201124\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-25693-7_15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-91899-0_8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","first-page":"0","volume-title":"Second W3C Workshop on the Web of Things The Open Web to Challenge IoT Fragmentation","author":"Ciortea Andrei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Andrei Ciortea, Simon Mayer, Olivier Boissier, and Fabien Gandon. 2019. Exploiting interaction affordances: On engineering autonomous systems for the Web of Things. In Second W3C Workshop on the Web of Things The Open Web to Challenge IoT Fragmentation. W3C, Munich, Germany, 0\u20134. https:\/\/hal.archives-ouvertes.fr\/hal-02196903."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","first-page":"5","volume-title":"18th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS\u201919)","author":"Ciortea Andrei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Andrei Ciortea, Simon Mayer, Fabien Gandon, Olivier Boissier, Alessandro Ricci, and Antoine Zimmermann. 2019. A decade in hindsight: The missing bridge between multi-agent systems and the world wide web. In 18th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS\u201919). International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, Montr\u00e9al, Canada, 5. https:\/\/hal-emse.ccsd.cnrs.fr\/emse-02070625."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","volume-title":"The Time Ontology in OWL, W3C Recommendation 19 October 2017","author":"Cox Simon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Simon Cox and Chris Little. 2017. The Time Ontology in OWL, W3C Recommendation 19 October 2017. W3C Recommendation. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Retrieved February 18, 2022 from http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/2017\/REC-prov-o-20171019\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2017\/26"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","volume-title":"The Platform for Privacy Preferences 1.0 (P3P1.0) Specification","author":"Cranor Lorrie","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lorrie Cranor, Marc Langheinrich, Massimo Marchiori, Martin Presler-Marshall, and Joseph Reagle. 2002. The Platform for Privacy Preferences 1.0 (P3P1.0) Specification. W3C Recommendation. World Wide Web Consortium. Obsolete recommendation since 30 August 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","first-page":"65","volume-title":"COIN@","author":"Criado N.","year":"2010","unstructured":"N. Criado, E. Argente, P. Noriega, and V. Botti. 2010. Towards a normative BDI architecture for norm compliance. In COIN@. Citeseer, Informal Proceedings, Lyon, France, 65."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","volume-title":"RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax, W3C Recommendation 25 February 2014","author":"Cyganiak Richard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Richard Cyganiak, David Wood, and Markus Lanthaler. 2014. RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax, W3C Recommendation 25 February 2014. W3C Recommendation. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Retrieved February 18, 2022 from http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/2014\/REC-rdf11-concepts-20140225\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISC2.2016.7580764"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2815833.2815839"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10458-008-9036-y"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","first-page":"72","article-title":"Normative multi-agent systems (Dagstuhl seminar 18171)","volume":"8","author":"Dastani Mehdi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mehdi Dastani, J\u00fcrgen Dix, Harko Verhagen, and Serena Villata. 2018. Normative multi-agent systems (Dagstuhl seminar 18171). Dagstuhl Reports 8, 4 (2018), 72\u2013103.","journal-title":"Dagstuhl Reports"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.04.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-31095-0_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","first-page":"578","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI\u201997)","author":"Decker Keith","year":"1997","unstructured":"Keith Decker, Katia Sycara, and Mike Williamson. 1997. Middle-agents for the Internet. In Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI\u201997). Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA, 578\u2013583."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11916291_6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2012.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc3987"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJEMB.2020.2999214"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45448-9_26"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/69.971187"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","first-page":"14","volume-title":"Agent-Oriented Software Engineering IV","author":"Ferber Jacques","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jacques Ferber, Olivier Gutknecht, and Fabien Michel. 2004. From agents to organizations: An organizational view of multi-agent systems. In Agent-Oriented Software Engineering IV, Paolo Giorgini, J\u00f6rg P. M\u00fcller, and James Odell (Eds.). Springer, Berlin,14\u2013230."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-51417-4_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","volume-title":"Representational State Transfer (REST)","author":"Fielding Roy Thomas","year":"2000","unstructured":"Roy Thomas Fielding. 2000. Representational State Transfer (REST). Ph.D. Dissertation. University of California, Irvine. Chapter 5 of Roy Fielding\u2019s thesis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc7234"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/191246.191322"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","unstructured":"FIPA. 2003. FIPA Interaction Protocol Specifications. (2003). Retrieved February 18 2022 from http:\/\/www.fipa.org\/repository\/ips.html. FIPA: The Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/AIC-190617"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSEW.2008.21"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","author":"Governatori Guido","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guido Governatori, Lam Ho-Pun, Antonino Rotolo, Serena Villata, and Fabien Gandon. 2013. Heuristics for licenses composition. In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, Vol. 259. IOS Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 77\u201386."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Posters & Demonstrations Track - Volume 1272 (ISWC-PD\u201914)","author":"Governatori Guido","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guido Governatori, Ho-Pun Lam, Antonino Rotolo, Serena Villata, Ghislain Auguste Atemezing, and Fabien Gandon. 2014. LIVE: A tool for checking licenses compatibility between vocabularies and data. In Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Posters & Demonstrations Track - Volume 1272 (ISWC-PD\u201914). CEUR-WS.org, Aachen, DEU, 77\u201380."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","first-page":"151","volume-title":"The Semantic Web \u2013 ISWC 2013","author":"Governatori Guido","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guido Governatori, Antonino Rotolo, Serena Villata, and Fabien Gandon. 2013. One license to compose them all. In The Semantic Web \u2013 ISWC 2013, Harith Alani, Lalana Kagal, Achille Fokoue, Paul Groth, Chris Biemann, Josiane Xavier Parreira, Lora Aroyo, Natasha Noy, Chris Welty, and Krzysztof Janowicz (Eds.). Springer, Berlin,151\u2013166."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","volume-title":"OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Document Overview (2nd Edition), W3C Recommendation 11 December 2012","author":"Group W3C OWL Working","year":"2012","unstructured":"W3C OWL Working Group. 2012. OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Document Overview (2nd Edition), W3C Recommendation 11 December 2012. Technical Report. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Retrieved February 18, 2022 from http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/2012\/REC-owl2-overview-20121211\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2874527.2874529"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","volume-title":"Semantic Sensor Network Ontology, W3C Recommendation 19 October 2017","author":"Haller Armin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Armin Haller, Krzysztof Janowicz, Simon Cox, Danh Le Phuoc, Jamie Taylor, and Maxime Lefran\u00e7ois. 2017. Semantic Sensor Network Ontology, W3C Recommendation 19 October 2017. W3C Recommendation. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Retrieved February 18, 2022 from https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/2017\/REC-vocab-ssn-20171019\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","volume-title":"SPARQL 1.1 Query Language, W3C Recommendation 21 March 2013","author":"Harris Steve","year":"2013","unstructured":"Steve Harris and Andy Seaborne. 2013. SPARQL 1.1 Query Language, W3C Recommendation 21 March 2013. W3C Recommendation. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Retrieved February 18, 2022 from http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/2013\/REC-sparql11-query-20130321\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269888917000169"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","unstructured":"High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence (AI HLEG). 2019. Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI. (2019). Retrieved February 18 2022 from https:\/\/digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu\/en\/library\/ethics-guidelines-trustworthy-ai."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-54432-3_12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICICIS.1993.291772"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4236.643942"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","volume-title":"ODRL Information Model 2.2, W3C Recommendation 15 February 2018","author":"Ianella Renato","year":"2018","unstructured":"Renato Ianella and Serena Villata. 2018. ODRL Information Model 2.2, W3C Recommendation 15 February 2018. W3C Recommendation. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Retrieved February 18, 2022 from http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/2018\/REC-odrl-model-20180215\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","volume-title":"Architecture of the World Wide Web, Volume One, W3C Recommendation 15 December 2004","author":"Jacobs Ian","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ian Jacobs and Norman Walsh. 2004. Architecture of the World Wide Web, Volume One, W3C Recommendation 15 December 2004. W3C Recommendation. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Retrieved February 18, 2022 from http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/2004\/REC-webarch-20041215\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","volume-title":"Web of Things (WoT) Thing Description, W3C Recommendation 9 April 2020","author":"Kaebisch Sebastian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sebastian Kaebisch, Takuki Kamiya, Michael McCool, Victor Charpenay, and Matthias Kovatsch. 2020. Web of Things (WoT) Thing Description, W3C Recommendation 9 April 2020. W3C Recommendation. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Retrieved February 18, 2022 from https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/2020\/REC-wot-thing-description-20200409\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3365664"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/POLICY.2003.1206958"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","first-page":"1767","volume-title":"Autonomous Agents on the Edge of Things","author":"Kampik Timotheus","year":"2021","unstructured":"Timotheus Kampik, Andres Gomez, Andrei Ciortea, and Simon Mayer. 2021. Autonomous Agents on the Edge of Things. International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, Richland, SC, 1767\u20131769."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/210332.210335"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sabrina Kirrane. 2021. Intelligent Software Web Agents: A Gap Analysis. (2021). arxiv:cs.AI\/2102.06607.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3945443"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Decentralizing the Semantic Web co-located with the 17th International Semantic Web Conference","author":"Kirrane Sabrina","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sabrina Kirrane and Stefan Decker. 2018. Intelligent agents: The vision revisited. In Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Decentralizing the Semantic Web co-located with the 17th International Semantic Web Conference. RWTH Aachen University (CEUR-WS Proceedings), Aachen, Germany, 9\u201317."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/SW-160236"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","volume-title":"Web of Things (WoT) Scripting API, W3C Working Group Note, 24 November 2020","author":"Kis Zoltan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zoltan Kis, Daniel Peinter, Cristiano Aguzzi, Johannes Hund, and Kazuaki Nimura. 2020. Web of Things (WoT) Scripting API, W3C Working Group Note, 24 November 2020. W3C Working Group Note. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Retrieved February 18, 2022 from https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/2020\/NOTE-wot-scripting-api-20201124\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1109\/POLICY.2005.15","volume-title":"6th IEEE International Workshop on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks (POLICY\u201905)","author":"Kolari Pranam","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pranam Kolari, Li Ding, G. Shashidhara, Anupam Joshi, Tim Finin, and Lalana Kagal. 2005. Enhancing web privacy protection through declarative policies. In 6th IEEE International Workshop on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks (POLICY\u201905). IEEE, Piscataway, NJ,57\u201366."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","volume-title":"Web of Things (WoT) Architecture, W3C Recommendation 9 April 2020","author":"Kovatsch Matthias","year":"2020","unstructured":"Matthias Kovatsch, Ryuichi Matsukura, Michael Lagally, Toru Kawaguchi, Kunihiko Toumura, and Kazuo Kajimoto. 2020. Web of Things (WoT) Architecture, W3C Recommendation 9 April 2020. W3C Recommendation. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Retrieved February 18, 2022 from https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/2020\/REC-wot-architecture-20200409\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18564\/jasss.2661"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_2","volume-title":"PROV-O: The PROV Ontology, W3C Recommendation 30 April 2013","author":"Lebo Timothy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Timothy Lebo, Satya Sanket Sahoo, and Deborah L. McGuinness. 2013. PROV-O: The PROV Ontology, W3C Recommendation 30 April 2013. W3C Recommendation. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Retrieved February 18, 2022 from http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/2013\/REC-prov-o-20130430\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-14484-9_19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_2","volume-title":"Convention \u2014 A Philosophical Study","author":"Lewis David","year":"1969","unstructured":"David Lewis. 1969. Convention \u2014 A Philosophical Study. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/14637150110392683"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJAOSE.2018.094374"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10458-006-7232-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_2","first-page":"Springer, Berli","volume-title":"Semantic Web Services and Web Process Composition","author":"Martin David","year":"2005","unstructured":"David Martin, Massimo Paolucci, Sheila McIlraith, Mark Burstein, Drew McDermott, Deborah McGuinness, Bijan Parsia, Terry Payne, Marta Sabou, Monika Solanki, Naveen Srinivasan, and Katia Sycara. 2005. Bringing semantics to web services: The OWL-S approach. In Semantic Web Services and Web Process Composition, Jorge Cardoso and Amit Sheth (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, 26\u201342."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3310013.3322175"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2720024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10458-019-09422-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-72376-7_9","volume-title":"Coordination, Organizations, Institutions, Norms, and Ethics for Governance of Multi-Agent Systems XIII","author":"Morris-Martin Andreasa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Andreasa Morris-Martin, Marina De Vos, and Julian Padget. 2021. A norm emergence framework for normative MAS \u2013 position paper. In Coordination, Organizations, Institutions, Norms, and Ethics for Governance of Multi-Agent Systems XIII, Andrea Aler Tubella, Stephen Cranefield, Christopher Frantz, Felipe Meneguzzi, and Wamberto Vasconcelos (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 156\u2013174."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_104_2","volume-title":"Agent Mediated Auctions: The Fishmarket Metaphor","author":"Noriega Pablo","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pablo Noriega. 1997. Agent Mediated Auctions: The Fishmarket Metaphor. Ph.D. Dissertation. Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona. https:\/\/www.iiia.csic.es\/research\/thesis-details?pastphd_id=85."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-021-00714-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2431387"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511807763"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3304415.3304483"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-24908-2_30"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-48005-6_26"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/5716.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-03667-6_19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2851613.2851690"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/ijswis.2014040102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-98197-0_19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_116_2","first-page":"312","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Multiagent Systems, June 12-14, 1995, San Francisco, CA","author":"Rao Anand S.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Anand S. Rao and Michael P. Georgeff. 1995. BDI agents: From theory to practice. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Multiagent Systems, June 12-14, 1995, San Francisco, CA, Victor R. Lesser and Les Gasser (Eds.). The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 312\u2013319."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-69968-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_118_2","volume-title":"Web of Things (WoT) Security and Privacy Guidelines, W3C Working Group Note 6 November 2019","author":"Reshetova Elena","year":"2019","unstructured":"Elena Reshetova and Michael McCool. 2019. Web of Things (WoT) Security and Privacy Guidelines, W3C Working Group Note 6 November 2019. W3C Working Group Note. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Retrieved February 18, 2022 from https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/2019\/NOTE-wot-security-20191106\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2020.100206"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1412350.1412357"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_121_2","volume-title":"WebID 1.0 - Web Identity and Discovery, W3C Editor\u2019s Draft 28 May 2014","author":"Sambra Andrei","year":"2015","unstructured":"Andrei Sambra and St\u00e9phane Corlosquet. 2015. WebID 1.0 - Web Identity and Discovery, W3C Editor\u2019s Draft 28 May 2014. W3C Editor\u2019s draft. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Retrieved February 18, 2022 from https:\/\/dvcs.w3.org\/hg\/WebID\/raw-file\/tip\/spec\/identity-respec.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.websem.2011.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3364220"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2031678.2031687"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2542182.2542203"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS.2017.304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i05.6215"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2009.347"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2021\/55"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0470091509"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_131_2","volume-title":"Linked Data Platform 1.0, W3C Recommendation 26 February 2015","author":"Speicher Steve","year":"2015","unstructured":"Steve Speicher, John Arwe, and Ashok Malhotra. 2015. Linked Data Platform 1.0, W3C Recommendation 26 February 2015. W3C Recommendation. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Retrieved February 18, 2022 from http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/2015\/REC-ldp-20150226\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-28347-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_133_2","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Semantics (posters & demos)","author":"Steyskal Simon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Simon Steyskal and Sabrina Kirrane. 2015. If you can\u2019t enforce it, contract it: Enforceability in policy-driven (linked) data markets. In Semantics (posters & demos). CEUR, Aachen, 63\u201366."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2660517.2660530"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-08615-6_17","volume-title":"Deontic Logic and Normative Systems","author":"Stra\u00dfer Christian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Christian Stra\u00dfer and Ofer Arieli. 2014. Sequent-based argumentation for normative reasoning. In Deontic Logic and Normative Systems, Fabrizio Cariani, Davide Grossi, Joke Meheus, and Xavier Parent (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 224\u2013240."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisa.2019.102407"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.1.11494"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540091.2017.1310182"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3095464"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_140_2","first-page":"722","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 21st National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI\u201906)","author":"Udupi Yathiraj B.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yathiraj B. Udupi and Munindar P. Singh. 2006. Contract enactment in virtual organizations: A commitment-based approach. In Proceedings of the 21st National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI\u201906). AAAI Press, Boston, 722\u2013727."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_141_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2240236.2240257"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_142_2","first-page":"499","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (AAMAS\u201913)","author":"Riemsdijk M. Birna van","year":"2013","unstructured":"M. Birna van Riemsdijk, Louise A. Dennis, Michael Fisher, and Koen V. Hindriks. 2013. Agent reasoning for norm compliance: A semantic approach. In Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (AAMAS\u201913). IFAAMAS, Richland, SC, 499\u2013506."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_143_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th International Semantic Web Conference: Blue Sky Track (CEUR Workshop Proceedings)","volume":"2189","author":"Verborgh Ruben","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ruben Verborgh. 2018. Decentralizing the semantic web through incentivized collaboration. In Proceedings of the 17th International Semantic Web Conference: Blue Sky Track (CEUR Workshop Proceedings), Marieke van Erp, Medha Atre, Vanessa Lopez, Kavitha Srinivas, and Carolina Fortuna (Eds.), Vol. 2189. CEUR-WS.org, Aachen, DEU, 1\u20135."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_144_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2887367.2887378"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_145_2","volume-title":"Commitment in Dialogue: Basic Concepts of Interpersonal Reasoning","author":"Walton D.","year":"1995","unstructured":"D. Walton and E. C. W. Krabbe. 1995. Commitment in Dialogue: Basic Concepts of Interpersonal Reasoning. State University of New York Press, New York, NY. lc94037799"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_146_2","volume-title":"Multiagent Systems: A Modern Approach to Distributed Artificial Intelligence","author":"Weiss Gerhard","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gerhard Weiss. 1999. Multiagent Systems: A Modern Approach to Distributed Artificial Intelligence. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_147_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10458-006-0012-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_148_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2016.18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_149_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269888900008122"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_150_2","volume-title":"Introduction to Multiagent Systems","author":"Wooldridge Michael J.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Michael J. Wooldridge. 2001. Introduction to Multiagent Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc."}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Internet Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3507910","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3507910","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T18:10:16Z","timestamp":1750183816000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3507910"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"references-count":149,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3507910"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3507910","relation":{},"ISSN":["1533-5399","1557-6051"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1533-5399","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-6051","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-05-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}