{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T15:14:01Z","timestamp":1780413241602,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["61972441, 61972112, and 61832004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61972441, 61972112, and 61832004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021A1515012634, 2021B1515020088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A1515012634, 2021B1515020088"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Program","award":["JCYJ20210324131203009, JCYJ20190806143405318, and JCYJ20200109113427092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20210324131203009, JCYJ20190806143405318, and JCYJ20200109113427092"]}]},{"name":"HITSZ-J&A Joint Laboratory of Digital Design and Intelligent Fabrication","award":["HITSZ-J&A-2021A01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HITSZ-J&A-2021A01"]}]},{"name":"Open Project Program of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","award":["2018WNLOKF008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018WNLOKF008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Storage"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Data deduplication is widely used to reduce the size of backup workloads, but it has the known disadvantage of causing poor data locality, also referred to as the fragmentation problem. This results from the gap between the hyper-dimensional structure of deduplicated data and the sequential nature of many storage devices, and this leads to poor restore and garbage collection (GC) performance. Current research has considered writing duplicates to maintain locality (e.g., rewriting) or caching data in memory or SSD, but fragmentation continues to lower restore and GC performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Investigating the locality issue, we design a method to flatten the hyper-dimensional structured deduplicated data to a one-dimensional format, which is based on classification of each chunk\u2019s lifecycle, and this creates our proposed data layout. Furthermore, we present a novel management-friendly deduplication framework, called MFDedup, that applies our data layout and maintains locality as much as possible. Specifically, we use two key techniques in MFDedup: Neighbor-duplicate-focus indexing (NDF) and Across-version-aware Reorganization scheme (AVAR). NDF performs duplicate detection against a previous backup, then AVAR rearranges chunks with an offline and iterative algorithm into a compact, sequential layout, which nearly eliminates random I\/O during file restores after deduplication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Evaluation results with five backup datasets demonstrate that, compared with state-of-the-art techniques, MFDedup achieves deduplication ratios that are 1.12\u00d7 to 2.19\u00d7 higher and restore throughputs that are 1.92\u00d7 to 10.02\u00d7 faster due to the improved data layout. While the rearranging stage introduces overheads, it is more than offset by a nearly-zero overhead GC process. Moreover, the NDF index only requires indices for two backup versions, while the traditional index grows with the number of versions retained.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3507921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T07:58:16Z","timestamp":1654156696000},"page":"1-28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["From Hyper-dimensional Structures to Linear Structures: Maintaining Deduplicated Data\u2019s Locality"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5104-8301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingsong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1235-0502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip","family":"Shilane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dell Technologies, Newtown, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, HUST, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haijun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the USENIX Conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC\u201918)","author":"Allu Yamini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yamini Allu, Fred Douglis, Mahesh Kamat, Ramya Prabhakar, Philip Shilane, and Rahul Ugale. 2018. Can\u2019t we all get along? Redesigning protection storage for modern workloads. In Proceedings of the USENIX Conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC\u201918)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","article-title":"NetApp Deduplication for FAS and V-Series Deployment and Implementation Guide","author":"Alvarez C.","year":"2011","unstructured":"C. Alvarez. 2011. NetApp Deduplication for FAS and V-Series Deployment and Implementation Guide. Technical Report TR-3505, NetApp.","journal-title":"Technical Report TR-3505, NetApp"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC\u201915)","author":"Amvrosiadis George","year":"2015","unstructured":"George Amvrosiadis and Medha Bhadkamkar. 2015. Identifying trends in enterprise data protection systems. In Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC\u201915)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","first-page":"479","volume-title":"Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC\u201916)","author":"Amvrosiadis George","year":"2016","unstructured":"George Amvrosiadis and Medha Bhadkamkar. 2016. Getting back up: Understanding how enterprise data backups fail. In Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC\u201916). 479\u2013492."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1534530.1534539"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","first-page":"2","article-title":"Data De-duplication and Disk-to-Disk Backup Systems: Technical and Business Considerations","author":"Asaro Tony","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tony Asaro and Heidi Biggar. 2007. Data De-duplication and Disk-to-Disk Backup Systems: Technical and Business Considerations. The Enterprise Strategy Group, 2\u201315.","journal-title":"The Enterprise Strategy Group"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MASCOT.2009.5366623"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1267102.1267104"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3386691.3386712"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3323298.3323311"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 16th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (USENIX FAST\u201918)","author":"Cao Zhichao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhichao Cao, Hao Wen, Fenggang Wu, and David H. C. Du. 2018. ALACC: Accelerating restore performance of data deduplication systems using adaptive look-ahead window assisted chunk caching. In Proceedings of the 16th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (USENIX FAST\u201918)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","article-title":"IBM White Paper: IBM Storage Tank\u2014A Distributed Storage System","author":"Corporation IBM","year":"2002","unstructured":"IBM Corporation. 2002. IBM White Paper: IBM Storage Tank\u2014A Distributed Storage System. White paper.","journal-title":"White paper"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the USENIX Conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC\u201910)","author":"Debnath Biplob K.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Biplob K. Debnath, Sudipta Sengupta, and Jin Li. 2010. ChunkStash: Speeding up inline storage deduplication using flash memory. In Proceedings of the USENIX Conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC\u201910)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1960475.1960477"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3129633.3129637"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (USENIX FAST\u201909)","author":"Dubnicki Cezary","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cezary Dubnicki, Leszek Gryz, Lukasz Heldt, Michal Kaczmarczyk, Wojciech Kilian, Przemyslaw Strzelczak, Jerzy Szczepkowski, Cristian Ungureanu, and Michal Welnicki. 2009. HYDRAstor: A scalable secondary storage. In Proceedings of the 7th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (USENIX FAST\u201909)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC\u201912)","author":"El-Shimi Ahmed","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ahmed El-Shimi, Ran Kalach, Ankit Kumar, Adi Ottean, Jin Li, and Sudipta Sengupta. 2012. Primary data deduplication\u2013large scale study and system design. In Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC\u201912)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","article-title":"Achieving Storage Efficiency Through EMC Celerra Data Deduplication","year":"2010","unstructured":"EMC. 2010. Achieving Storage Efficiency Through EMC Celerra Data Deduplication. White paper.","journal-title":"White paper"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","article-title":"A framework for analyzing and improving content-based chunking algorithms","volume":"30","author":"Eshghi Kave","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kave Eshghi and Hsiu Khuern Tang. 2005. A framework for analyzing and improving content-based chunking algorithms. Hewlett-Packard Labs Technical Report TR 30.","journal-title":"Hewlett-Packard Labs Technical Report TR"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2015.2410781"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC\u201914)","author":"Fu Min","year":"2014","unstructured":"Min Fu, Dan Feng, Yu Hua, Xubin He, Zuoning Chen, Wen Xia, Fangting Huang, and Qing Liu. 2014. Accelerating restore and garbage collection in deduplication-based backup systems via exploiting historical information. In Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC\u201914)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2750482.2750507"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC\u201911)","author":"Guo Fanglu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fanglu Guo and Petros Efstathopoulos. 2011. Building a high-performance deduplication system. In Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC\u201911)."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","first-page":"24:1\u201324:23","article-title":"Sketching volume capacities in deduplicated storage","volume":"15","author":"Harnik Danny","year":"2020","unstructured":"Danny Harnik, Moshik Hershcovitch, Yosef Shatsky, Amir Epstein, and Ronen I. Kat. 2020. Sketching volume capacities in deduplicated storage. ACM Trans. Stor. 15, 4 (2020), 24:1\u201324:23.","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Stor."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","unstructured":"Intel. 2016. Intel Intelligent Storage Acceleration Library Crypto Version. https:\/\/github.com\/intel\/isa-l_crypto."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 14th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI\u201917)","author":"Jamshed Muhammad Asim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Muhammad Asim Jamshed, YoungGyoun Moon, Donghwi Kim, Dongsu Han, and KyoungSoo Park. 2017. mOS: A reusable networking stack for flow monitoring middleboxes. In Proceedings of the 14th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI\u201917)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1534530.1534540"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2367589.2367600"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","first-page":"2:1\u20132:21","article-title":"Efficient hybrid inline and out-of-line deduplication for backup storage","volume":"11","author":"Li Yan Kit","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yan Kit Li, Min Xu, Chun-Ho Ng, and Patrick P. C. Lee. 2015. Efficient hybrid inline and out-of-line deduplication for backup storage. ACM Trans. Stor. 11, 1 (2015), 2:1\u20132:21.","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Stor."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2591272.2591292"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","volume-title":"Proccedings of the 7th Conference on File and Storage Technologies (USENIX FAST\u201909)","author":"Lillibridge Mark","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mark Lillibridge, Kave Eshghi, Deepavali Bhagwat, Vinay Deolalikar, Greg Trezis, and Peter Camble. 2009. Sparse indexing: Large scale, inline deduplication using sampling and locality. In Proccedings of the 7th Conference on File and Storage Technologies (USENIX FAST\u201909)."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","first-page":"6:1\u20136:22","article-title":"Read-performance optimization for deduplication-based storage systems in the cloud","volume":"10","author":"Mao Bo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bo Mao, Hong Jiang, Suzhen Wu, Yinjin Fu, and Lei Tian. 2014. Read-performance optimization for deduplication-based storage systems in the cloud. ACM Trans. Stor. 10, 2 (2014), 6:1\u20136:22.","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Stor."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","article-title":"EMC Centera: Optimizing Archive Efficiency","author":"McClure T.","year":"2009","unstructured":"T. McClure and B. Garrett.2009. EMC Centera: Optimizing Archive Efficiency. Technical report.","journal-title":"Technical report"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2485732.2485748"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2078861.2078864"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2010.263"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/502034.502052"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (USENIX FAST\u201920)","author":"Nachman Aviv","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aviv Nachman, Gala Yadgar, and Sarai Sheinvald. 2020. GoSeed: Generating an optimal seeding plan for deduplicated storage. In Proceedings of the 18th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (USENIX FAST\u201920)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HPCC.2011.82"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MASCOTS.2012.32"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3357223.3362731"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC\u201904)","author":"Policroniades Calicrates","year":"2004","unstructured":"Calicrates Policroniades and Ian Pratt. 2004. Alternatives for detecting redundancy in storage systems data. In Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC\u201904)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (USENIX FAST\u201902)","author":"Quinlan Sean","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sean Quinlan and Sean Dorward. 2002. Venti: A new approach to archival storage. In Proceedings of the 1st USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (USENIX FAST\u201902)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC\u201908)","author":"Rhea Sean C.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sean C. Rhea, Russ Cox, and Alex Pesterev. 2008. Fast, inexpensive content-addressed storage in foundation. In Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC\u201908)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3026852.3026870"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 10th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (USENIX FAST\u201912)","author":"Srinivasan Kiran","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kiran Srinivasan, Timothy Bisson, Garth R. Goodson, and Kaladhar Voruganti. 2012. iDedup: Latency-aware, inline data deduplication for primary storage. In Proceedings of the 10th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (USENIX FAST\u201912)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC\u201912)","author":"Tarasov Vasily","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vasily Tarasov, Amar Mudrankit, Will Buik, Philip Shilane, Geoff Kuenning, and Erez Zadok. 2012. Generating realistic datasets for deduplication analysis. In Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC\u201912)."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","first-page":"14:1\u201314:28","article-title":"Cumulus: Filesystem backup to the cloud","volume":"5","author":"Vrable Michael","year":"2009","unstructured":"Michael Vrable, Stefan Savage, and Geoffrey M. Voelker. 2009. Cumulus: Filesystem backup to the cloud. ACM Trans. Stor. 5, 4 (2009), 14:1\u201314:28.","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Stor."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2208461.2208465"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2018.2852642"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2016.2571298"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC\u201911)","author":"Xia Wen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wen Xia, Hong Jiang, Dan Feng, and Yu Hua. 2011. SiLo: A similarity-locality based near-exact deduplication scheme with low RAM overhead and high throughput. In Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC\u201911)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_54_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC\u201916)","author":"Xia Wen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wen Xia, Yukun Zhou, Hong Jiang, Dan Feng, Yu Hua, Yuchong Hu, Yucheng Zhang, and Qing Liu. 2016. FastCDC: A fast and efficient content-defined chunking approach for data deduplication. In Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC\u201916)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE.2005.47"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2015.7218510"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_57_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of 17th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (USENIX FAST\u201919)","author":"Zhang Yucheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yucheng Zhang, Wen Xia, Dan Feng, Hong Jiang, Yu Hua, and Qiang Wang. 2019. Finesse: Fine-grained feature locality based fast resemblance detection for post-deduplication delta compression. In Proceedings of 17th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (USENIX FAST\u201919)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_58_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC\u201920)","author":"Zhao Nannan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nannan Zhao, Hadeel Albahar, Subil Abraham, Keren Chen, Vasily Tarasov, Dimitrios Skourtis, Lukas Rupprecht, Ali Anwar, and Ali R. Butt. 2020. DupHunter: Flexible high-performance deduplication for docker registries. In Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC\u201920)."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1364813.1364831"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Storage"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3507921","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3507921","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T14:10:16Z","timestamp":1750169416000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3507921"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3507921"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3507921","relation":{"is-referenced-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1186\/s13677-025-00771-8","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1038\/s41598-025-12278-y","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1007\/s10922-025-09976-3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1007\/s10586-025-05749-4","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1038\/s41598-025-98604-w","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1553-3077","1553-3093"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1553-3077","type":"print"},{"value":"1553-3093","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-07-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}