{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T06:19:59Z","timestamp":1770272399762,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":72,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,21]],"date-time":"2022-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"NSF (National Science Foundation)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CCF-2046953, CNS-2028748"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CCF-2046953, CNS-2028748"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,21]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3510003.3510037","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]],"date-time":"2022-07-05T22:42:59Z","timestamp":1657060979000},"page":"1755-1767","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["ProMal"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Changlin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanlin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diandian","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haoyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xusheng","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"1999. XML Path Language (XPath). https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/1999\/REC-xpath-19991116\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"2017. Xposed. http:\/\/repo.xposed.info\/module\/de.robv.android.xposed.installer"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"2019. Android Development Tools (ADT). https:\/\/marketplace.eclipse.org\/content\/android-development-tools-eclipse."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"2021. Promal Project Website. https:\/\/github.com\/promal-android\/Promal."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"2021. UI\/Application Exerciser Monkey. https:\/\/developer.android.com\/studio\/test\/monkey. Accessed: 2021-01-30."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2594291.2594299"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2509136.2509549"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis (ISSTA).","author":"Babi\u0107 Domagoj","year":"2011","unstructured":"Domagoj Babi\u0107, Lorenzo Martignoni, Stephen McCamant, and Dawn Song. 2011. Statically-directed dynamic automated test generation. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis (ISSTA)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2017.2689012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2635868.2635871"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2019.00016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Mobile App Download and Usage Statistics","year":"2020","unstructured":"buildfire. 2020. Mobile App Download and Usage Statistics (2020). https:\/\/buildfire.com\/app-statistics\/. Accessed: 2021-01-30."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"Fran\u00e7ois Chollet et al. 2015. Keras. https:\/\/keras.io."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2015.89"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1062455.1062533"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1348250.1348254"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3377811.3380402"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1273463.1273480"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2660267.2660343"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"F-Droid. 2021. FOSS Apps for Android. https:\/\/f-droid.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1065010.1065036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Courville","author":"Goodfellow Ian J.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ian J. Goodfellow, Yoshua Bengio, and Aaron C. Courville. 2016. Deep Learning. MIT Press. http:\/\/www.deeplearningbook.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","unstructured":"Google. 2017. Android View System. https:\/\/developer.android.com\/guide\/topics\/ui\/declaring-layout.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Google. 2017. Google Play Store. https:\/\/play.google.com\/store?hl=en."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"Google. 2020. UI Automator. https:\/\/developer.android.com\/training\/testing\/ui-automator."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2019.00042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2594368.2594390"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of SDM workshop on Link Analysis, Counterterrorism and Security.","author":"Hasan Mohammad Al","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mohammad Al Hasan, Vineet Chaoji, Saeed Salem, and Mohammed Zaki. 2006. Link prediction using supervised learning. In Proceedings of SDM workshop on Link Analysis, Counterterrorism and Security."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.2006.18.7.1527"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Reducing the dimensionality of data with neural networks. Science 313, 5786","author":"Hinton Geoffrey E","year":"2006","unstructured":"Geoffrey E Hinton and Ruslan R Salakhutdinov. 2006. Reducing the dimensionality of data with neural networks. Science 313, 5786 (2006), 504--507."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.243"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security).","author":"Huang Jianjun","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jianjun Huang, Zhichun Li, Xusheng Xiao, Zhenyu Wu, Kangjie Lu, Xiangyu Zhang, and Guofei Jiang. 2015. SUPOR: Precise and scalable sensitive user input detection for Android apps. In Proceedings of the USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS).","author":"Jenatton Rodolphe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rodolphe Jenatton, Nicolas Le Roux, Antoine Bordes, and Guillaume Obozinski. 2012. A latent factor model for highly multi-relational data. In Proceedings of the Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Foster","author":"Jeon Jinseong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jinseong Jeon, Kristopher K. Micinski, and Jeffrey S. Foster. 2012. SymDroid: Symbolic execution for dalvik bytecode. Technical Report. CS-TR-5022, Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0165551519891345"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/360248.360252"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","unstructured":"Yann LeCun Yoshua Bengio et al. 1995. Convolutional networks for images speech and time series. The handbook of brain theory and neural networks 3361 10 (1995) 1995."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","first-page":"213","article-title":"Recommendation as link prediction in bipartite graphs: A graph kernel-based machine learning approach","volume":"54","author":"Li Xin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Xin Li and Hsinchun Chen. 2009. Recommendation as link prediction in bipartite graphs: A graph kernel-based machine learning approach. Decision Support Systems 54, 2 (2009), 213--216.","journal-title":"Decision Support Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","first-page":"1019","article-title":"The link prediction problem for social networks","volume":"58","author":"Jon Kleinberg David","year":"2010","unstructured":"David Liben-nowell and Jon Kleinberg. 2010. The link prediction problem for social networks. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (JASIST) 58, 7 (2010), 1019--1031.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (JASIST)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI).","author":"Liu Bin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bin Liu, Suman Nath, Ramesh Govindan, and Jie Liu. 2014. DECAF: Detecting and characterizing Ad fraud in mobile apps. In Proceedings of the USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3301293.3302363"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2931037.2931054"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space. arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.3781","author":"Mikolov Tomas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tomas Mikolov, Kai Chen, Greg Corrado, and Jeffrey Dean. 2013. Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space. arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.3781 (2013)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2382756.2382798"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3395363.3397354"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IJCAI Workshop on Learning Statistical MODELS From Relational Data.","author":"Popescul A","year":"2003","unstructured":"A Popescul. 2003. Statistical relational learning for link prediction. In Proceedings of the IJCAI Workshop on Learning Statistical MODELS From Relational Data."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2581122.2544159"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2020408.2020575"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1081706.1081750"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2016.2598561"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","unstructured":"skylot. 2020. JADX - Dex to Java decompiler. https:\/\/github.com\/skylot\/jadx."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS).","author":"Socher R.","unstructured":"R. Socher, D. Chen, C. D. Manning, and A. Y. Ng. 2013. Reasoning with neural tensor networks for knowledge base completion. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","unstructured":"Statista. 2020. Global mobile OS market share. https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/266136\/global-market-share-held-by-smartphone-operating-systems\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3106237.3106298"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","volume-title":"Modelling relational data using bayesian clustered tensor factorization. Advances in neural information processing systems 22","author":"Sutskever Ilya","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ilya Sutskever, Joshua Tenenbaum, and Russ R Salakhutdinov. 2009. Modelling relational data using bayesian clustered tensor factorization. Advances in neural information processing systems 22 (2009)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3368089.3409702"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-79124-9_10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","volume-title":"WanDouJia App Store","unstructured":"wandoujia. 2017. WanDouJia App Store. http:\/\/www.wandoujia.com\/apps. Accessed: 2021-01-30."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3377811.3380382"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2897073.2897097"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_61_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis (ISSTA).","author":"Wei Shiyi","unstructured":"Shiyi Wei and Barbara G. Ryder. 2013. Practical blended taint analysis for JavaScript. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis (ISSTA)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_62_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/ACM International Workshop on Automation of Software Test (AST).","author":"Wu Haowei","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haowei Wu, Yan Wang, and Atanas Rountev. 2018. Sentinel: generating GUI tests for Android sensor leaks. In Proceedings of the IEEE\/ACM International Workshop on Automation of Software Test (AST)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3319535.3363193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2013.6693084"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2019.00041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1985793.1985876"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSN.2009.5270315"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3377811.3380347"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2015.31"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2015.76"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_71_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE).","author":"Yuan X.","unstructured":"X. Yuan and A. M. Memon. 2007. Using GUI run-time state as feedback to generate test cases. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3106237.3122821"}],"event":{"name":"ICSE '22: 44th International Conference on Software Engineering","location":"Pittsburgh Pennsylvania","acronym":"ICSE '22","sponsor":["SIGSOFT ACM Special Interest Group on Software Engineering","IEEE CS"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 44th International Conference on Software Engineering"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3510003.3510037","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3510003.3510037","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3510003.3510037","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T20:12:04Z","timestamp":1750191124000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3510003.3510037"}},"subtitle":["precise window transition graphs for android via synergy of program analysis and machine learning"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,21]]},"references-count":72,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3510003.3510037","10.1145\/3510003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3510003.3510037","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-07-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}