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In this research, an already constructed Urdu sentiment lexicon of positive and negative words is further expanded by the addition of context-dependent words. These context-dependent words are used with or without conjunctions. Rules are formulated for assigning polarities to those context-dependent words that are surrounded by the positive or negative words. These rules were incorporated in the Urdu sentiment analyzer. Fusion of these rules for handling context-dependent words and the expanded Urdu sentiment lexicon resulted in increasing the accuracy of the Urdu sentiment analyzer from 83.43% to 89.03% with 0.8655 precision, 0.9053 recall, and 0.8799 F-measure, which is a statistically significant improvement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3510830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T12:35:36Z","timestamp":1647866136000},"page":"1-15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["An Intelligent Unsupervised Approach for Handling Context-Dependent Words in Urdu Sentiment Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9132-0947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neelam","family":"Mukhtar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Abid Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Chiragh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shah","family":"Nazir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Swabi, Swabi, KPK, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asim","family":"Ullah Jan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abasyn University, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mis.2016.31"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2015.2485209"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-02145-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2016.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/a9020041"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDMW.2010.95"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","first-page":"417","article-title":"Thumbs up or thumbs down? 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