{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T17:02:14Z","timestamp":1783098134106,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Internet Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            With the development of the\n            <jats:bold>Internet of Things (IoT)<\/jats:bold>\n            , a large-scale, heterogeneous, and dynamic distributed network has been formed among IoT devices. There is an extreme need to establish a trust mechanism between devices, and blockchain can provide a zero-trust security framework for IoT. However, the efficiency of the blockchain is far from meeting the application requirements of the IoT, which has become the biggest resistance to the application of the blockchain in the IoT. Therefore, this paper combines sharding to build an effective\n            <jats:bold>Blockchain-based IoT data storage scheme (S-BDS)<\/jats:bold>\n            . Sharding can solve the problem of blockchain capacity and scalability. While the blockchain provides data immutability and traceability for the IoT, it also brings huge demands for data credibility verification. The communication delay in the IoT system seriously affects the security of the system, while the Merkle proof of traditional blockchain occupies a lot of communication resources. This paper constructs\n            <jats:bold>Insertable Vector Commitment (IVC)<\/jats:bold>\n            in the bilinear group and replaces the Merkle tree with IVC to store IoT data in the blockchain. The construct has small-sized proof. It also has the ability to record the number of updates, which can prevent replay-attacks. Experiments show that each block processes 1,000 transactions, the proof size of a single data piece is 30% of the original scheme, and proofs from different shards can be aggregated. IVC can effectively reduce communication congestion and improve the stability and security of the IoT system.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3511902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,12]],"date-time":"2022-02-12T17:13:18Z","timestamp":1644685998000},"page":"1-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["S-BDS: An Effective Blockchain-based Data Storage Scheme in Zero-Trust IoT"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Jin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Fujian University of Technology; School of Computer &amp; Communication Engineering, Changsha University of Science &amp; Technology, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Fujian University of Technology, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neal","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Sul Ross State University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osama","family":"Alfarraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, Community College, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amr","family":"Tolba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, Community College, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongjun","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science &amp; Technology, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2015.2513672","article-title":"Using smart edge IoT devices for safer, rapid response with industry IoT control operations","volume":"104","author":"Condry Michael W.","year":"2016","unstructured":"W. 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