{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T17:58:57Z","timestamp":1785952737265,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":217,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"11s","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Comput. Surv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Fuzz testing (fuzzing) has witnessed its prosperity in detecting security flaws recently. It generates a large number of test cases and monitors the executions for defects. Fuzzing has detected thousands of bugs and vulnerabilities in various applications. Although effective, there lacks systematic analysis of gaps faced by fuzzing. As a technique of defect detection, fuzzing is required to narrow down the gaps between the entire input space and the defect space. Without limitation on the generated inputs, the input space is infinite. However, defects are sparse in an application, which indicates that the defect space is much smaller than the entire input space. Besides, because fuzzing generates numerous test cases to repeatedly examine targets, it requires fuzzing to perform in an automatic manner. Due to the complexity of applications and defects, it is challenging to automatize the execution of diverse applications. In this article, we systematically review and analyze the gaps as well as their solutions, considering both breadth and depth. This survey can be a roadmap for both beginners and advanced developers to better understand fuzzing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3512345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T21:23:26Z","timestamp":1643405006000},"page":"1-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":312,"title":["Fuzzing: A Survey for Roadmap"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0647-4747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaogang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swinburne University of Technology, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0655-666X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swinburne University of Technology, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6353-8359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyit","family":"Camtepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIRO Data61, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5252-0831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swinburne University of Technology, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","unstructured":"Yousra Aafer Wei You Yi Sun Yu Shi Xiangyu Zhang and Heng Yin. 2021. Android SmartTVs vulnerability discovery via log-guided fuzzing. In 30th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201921) . 2759\u20132776."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","volume-title":"Spectral Fuzzing: Evaluation & Feedback","author":"Abdelnur Humberto","year":"2010","unstructured":"Humberto Abdelnur, Radu State, Obes Jorge Lucangeli, and Olivier Festor. 2010. Spectral Fuzzing: Evaluation & Feedback. Technical Report. https:\/\/hal.inria.fr\/inria-00452015."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Humberto J. Abdelnur Radu State and Olivier Festor. 2007. KiF: A stateful SIP fuzzer. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Principles Systems and Applications of IP Telecommunications (Iptcomm\u201907) . 47\u201356.","DOI":"10.1145\/1326304.1326313"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","first-page":"191","volume-title":"Haifa Verification Conference","author":"Agarwal Rahul","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rahul Agarwal, Liqiang Wang, and Scott D. Stoller. 2005. Detecting potential deadlocks with static analysis and run-time monitoring. In Haifa Verification Conference. Springer, 191\u2013207."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201919)","author":"Aschermann Cornelius","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cornelius Aschermann, Patrick Jauernig, Tommaso Frassetto, Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi, Thorsten Holz, and Daniel Teuchert. 2019. NAUTILUS: Fishing for deep bugs with grammars. In The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201919). 1\u201315."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","first-page":"874","volume-title":"IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201920)","author":"Aschermann C.","year":"2020","unstructured":"C. Aschermann, S. Schumilo, A. Abbasi, and T. Holz. 2020. IJON: Exploring deep state spaces via fuzzing. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201920). IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, 874\u2013889."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201919)","author":"Aschermann Cornelius","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cornelius Aschermann, Sergej Schumilo, Tim Blazytko, Robert Gawlik, and Thorsten Holz. 2019. REDQUEEN: Fuzzing with input-to-state correspondence. In The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201919). 1\u201315."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2019.00083"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013689704352"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Domagoj Babi\u0107 Stefan Bucur Yaohui Chen Franjo Ivan\u010di\u0107 Tim King Markus Kusano Caroline Lemieux L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Szekeres and Wei Wang. 2019. Fudge: Fuzz driver generation at scale. In Proceedings of the 2019 27th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC\/FSE\u201919) . 975\u2013985.","DOI":"10.1145\/3338906.3340456"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11836810_25"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osbert Bastani Rahul Sharma Alex Aiken and Percy Liang. 2017. Synthesizing program input grammars. In Proceedings of the 38th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI\u201917) . 95\u2013110.","DOI":"10.1145\/3062341.3062349"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02882-3_45"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","first-page":"71","article-title":"Bandit Problems: Sequential Allocation of Experiments (Monographs on Statistics and Applied Probability)","volume":"5","author":"Berry Donald A.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Donald A. Berry and Bert Fristedt. 1985. Bandit Problems: Sequential Allocation of Experiments (Monographs on Statistics and Applied Probability). London: Chapman and Hall, 5, 7 (1985), 71\u201387.","journal-title":"London: Chapman and Hall,"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201920)","author":"Blair William","year":"2020","unstructured":"William Blair, Andrea Mambretti, Sajjad Arshad, Michael Weissbacher, William Robertson, Engin Kirda, and Manuel Egele. 2020. HotFuzz: Discovering algorithmic denial-of-service vulnerabilities through guided micro-fuzzing. In The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201920). 1\u201319."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","unstructured":"Tim Blazytko Cornelius Aschermann Moritz Schl\u00f6gel Ali Abbasi Sergej Schumilo Simon W\u00f6rner and Thorsten Holz. 2019. GRIMOIRE: Synthesizing structure while fuzzing. In 28th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201919) . 1985\u20132002."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3210309"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2020.3016773"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marcel B\u00f6hme and Brandon Falk. 2020. Fuzzing: On the exponential cost of vulnerability discovery. In Proceedings of the 28th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC\/FSE\u201920) . 713\u2013724.","DOI":"10.1145\/3368089.3409729"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3468264.3468570"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marcel B\u00f6hme Valentin J. M. Man\u00e8s and Sang Kil Cha. 2020. Boosting fuzzer efficiency: An information theoretic perspective. In Proceedings of the 28th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC\/FSE\u201920) . 678\u2013689.","DOI":"10.1145\/3368089.3409748"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3133956.3134020"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2976749.2978428"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE43902.2021.00071"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tegan Brennan Seemanta Saha and Tevfik Bultan. 2020. JVM fuzzing for JIT-induced side-channel detection. In Proceedings of the ACM\/IEEE 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE\u201920) . 1011\u20131023.","DOI":"10.1145\/3377811.3380432"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2014.15","volume-title":"IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201914)","author":"Brubaker Chad","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chad Brubaker, Suman Jana, Baishakhi Ray, Sarfraz Khurshid, and Vitaly Shmatikov. 2014. Using frankencerts for automated adversarial testing of certificate validation in SSL\/TLS implementations. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201914). IEEE, 114\u2013129."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2012.6227156"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan Cai Biyun Zhu Ruijie Meng Hao Yun Liang He Purui Su and Bin Liang. 2019. Detecting concurrency memory corruption vulnerabilities. In Proceedings of the 2019 27th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC\/FSE\u201919) . 706\u2013717.","DOI":"10.1145\/3338906.3338927"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","first-page":"725","volume-title":"IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201915)","author":"Cha Sang Kil","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sang Kil Cha, Maverick Woo, and David Brumley. 2015. Program-adaptive mutational fuzzing. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201915). IEEE, 725\u2013741."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","unstructured":"Oliver Chang Jonathan Metzman Max Moroz Martin Barbella and Abhishek Arya. 2016. OSS-Fuzz: Continuous Fuzzing for Open Source Software. Retrieved January 19 2021 from https:\/\/github.com\/google\/oss-fuzz."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","first-page":"26","article-title":"Species richness: Estimation and comparison","author":"Chao Anne","year":"2016","unstructured":"Anne Chao and Chun-Huo Chiu. 2016. Species richness: Estimation and comparison. Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online, 26.","journal-title":"Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","unstructured":"Anne Chao and Robert K. Colwell. 2017. Thirty years of progeny from Chao\u2019s inequality: Estimating and comparing richness with incidence data and incomplete sampling. SORT-Statistics and Operations Research Transactions Vol. 1 (2017) 3\u201354."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/11-1952.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46298-1","volume-title":"The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201916)","author":"Chen Daming D.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Daming D. Chen, Maverick Woo, David Brumley, and Manuel Egele. 2016. Towards automated dynamic analysis for linux-based embedded firmware. In The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201916), Vol. 1. 1\u201316."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","unstructured":"Hongxu Chen Shengjian Guo Yinxing Xue Yulei Sui Cen Zhang Yuekang Li Haijun Wang and Yang Liu. 2020. MUZZ: Thread-aware grey-box fuzzing for effective bug hunting in multithreaded programs. In 29th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201920) . 2325\u20132342."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201918)","unstructured":"Jiongyi Chen, Wenrui Diao, Qingchuan Zhao, Chaoshun Zuo, Zhiqiang Lin, Xiao Feng Wang, Wing Cheong Lau, et\u00a0al. 2018. IoTFUZZER: Discovering memory corruptions in IoT through app-based fuzzing. In The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201918). 1\u201315."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","first-page":"711","volume-title":"IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201918)","author":"Chen Peng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peng Chen and Hao Chen. 2018. Angora: Efficient fuzzing by principled search. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201918). 711\u2013725."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3319535.3363225"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","unstructured":"Yuanliang Chen Yu Jiang Fuchen Ma Jie Liang Mingzhe Wang Chijin Zhou Xun Jiao and Zhuo Su. 2019. EnFuzz: Ensemble fuzzing with seed synchronization among diverse fuzzers. In 28th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201919) . 1967\u20131983."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","first-page":"1580","volume-title":"IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201920)","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yaohui Chen, Peng Li, Jun Xu, Shengjian Guo, Rundong Zhou, Yulong Zhang, Tao Wei, et\u00a0al. 2020. SAVIOR: Towards bug-driven hybrid testing. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201920). IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, 1580\u20131596."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2019.00093"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuting Chen Ting Su Chengnian Sun Zhendong Su and Jianjun Zhao. 2016. Coverage-directed differential testing of JVM implementations. In Proceedings of the 37th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI\u201916) . 85\u201399.","DOI":"10.1145\/2908080.2908095"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201921)","author":"Chen Yongheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yongheng Chen, Rui Zhong, Hong Hu, Hangfan Zhang, Yupeng Yang, Dinghao Wu, and Wenke Lee. 2021. One engine to Fuzz\u2019em all: Generic language processor testing with semantic validation. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201921). 1\u201317."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wen Cheng Wang Haijun Li Yuekang Qin Shengchao Liu Yang Xu Zhiwu Chen Hongxu et\u00a0al. 2020. MemLock: Memory usage guided fuzzing. In IEEE\/ACM 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE\u201920) . 765\u2013777.","DOI":"10.1145\/3377811.3380396"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.1995.10476177","article-title":"Understanding the metropolis-hastings algorithm","volume":"49","author":"Chib Siddhartha","year":"1995","unstructured":"Siddhartha Chib and Edward Greenberg. 1995. Understanding the metropolis-hastings algorithm. American Statistician 49, 4 (1995), 327\u2013335.","journal-title":"American Statistician"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3319535.3354249"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2019.00082"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maria Christakis Peter M\u00fcller and Valentin W\u00fcstholz. 2016. Guiding dynamic symbolic execution toward unverified program executions. In Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE\u201916) . 144\u2013155.","DOI":"10.1145\/2884781.2884843"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alessandro Cimatti Alberto Griggio Bastiaan Joost Schaafsma and Roberto Sebastiani. 2013. The mathsat5 SMT solver. In International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems (TACAS\u201913) . Springer 93\u2013107.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-36742-7_7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koen Claessen and John Hughes. 2000. QuickCheck: A lightweight tool for random testing of Haskell programs. In Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP\u201900) . 268\u2013279.","DOI":"10.1145\/351240.351266"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"James Clause Wanchun Li and Alessandro Orso. 2007. Dytan: A generic dynamic taint analysis framework. In Proceedings of the 2007 International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis (ISSTA\u201907) . 196\u2013206.","DOI":"10.1145\/1273463.1273490"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpe\/rtr044"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3133956.3134069"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leonardo De Moura and Nikolaj Bj\u00f8rner. 2008. Z3: An efficient SMT solver. In International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems (TACAS\u201908) . Springer 337\u2013340.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-78800-3_24"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_2","unstructured":"Joeri De Ruiter and Erik Poll. 2015. Protocol state fuzzing of TLS implementations. In 24th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201915) . 193\u2013206."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kyle Dewey Jared Roesch and Ben Hardekopf. 2014. Language fuzzing using constraint logic programming. In Proceedings of the 29th ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE\u201914) . 725\u2013730.","DOI":"10.1145\/2642937.2642963"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2015.65"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1109\/SP40000.2020.00009","volume-title":"2020 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201920)","author":"Dinesh Sushant","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sushant Dinesh, Nathan Burow, Dongyan Xu, and Mathias Payer. 2020. Retrowrite: Statically instrumenting cots binaries for fuzzing and sanitization. In 2020 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201920). IEEE, 1497\u20131511."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_60_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201921)","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung Ta Dinh, Haehyun Cho, Kyle Martin, Adam Oest, Kyle Zeng, Alexandros Kapravelos, Gail-Joon Ahn, et\u00a0al. 2021. Favocado: Fuzzing the binding code of Javascript engines using semantically correct test cases. In The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201921). 1\u201315."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCI.2006.329691"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_62_2","unstructured":"Adam Doup\u00e9 Ludovico Cavedon Christopher Kruegel and Giovanni Vigna. 2012. Enemy of the state: A state-aware black-box web vulnerability scanner. In 21st USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201912) . 523\u2013538."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_63_2","article-title":"Sidewinder: An evolutionary guidance system for malicious input crafting","author":"Embleton Shawn","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shawn Embleton, Sherri Sparks, and Ryan Cunningham. 2006. Sidewinder: An evolutionary guidance system for malicious input crafting. Black Hat USA.","journal-title":"Black Hat USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_64_2","first-page":"337","article-title":"Snipuzz: Black-box fuzzing of IoT firmware via message snippet inference","author":"Feng Xiaotao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiaotao Feng, Ruoxi Sun, Xiaogang Zhu, Minhui Xue, Sheng Wen, Dongxi Liu, Surya Nepal, and Yang Xiang. 2021. Snipuzz: Black-box fuzzing of IoT firmware via message snippet inference. InThe ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS\u201921), 337\u2013350.","journal-title":"The ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS\u201921)"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_65_2","unstructured":"Paul Fiterau-Brostean Bengt Jonsson Robert Merget Joeri de Ruiter Konstantinos Sagonas and Juraj Somorovsky. 2020. Analysis of DTLS implementations using protocol state fuzzing. In 29th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201920) . 2523\u20132540."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_66_2","unstructured":"Shuitao Gan Chao Zhang Peng Chen Bodong Zhao Xiaojun Qin Dong Wu and Zuoning Chen. 2020. GREYONE: Data flow sensitive fuzzing. In 29th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201920) . 2577\u20132594."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_67_2","first-page":"679","volume-title":"IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201918)","author":"Gan Shuitao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shuitao Gan, Chao Zhang, Xiaojun Qin, Xuwen Tu, Kang Li, Zhongyu Pei, and Zuoning Chen. 2018. CollAFL: Path sensitive fuzzing. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201918). IEEE, 679\u2013696."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2009.5070546"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3377811.3380415"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hugo Gascon Christian Wressnegger Fabian Yamaguchi Daniel Arp and Konrad Rieck. 2015. Pulsar: Stateful black-box fuzzing of proprietary network protocols. In International Conference on Security and Privacy in Communication Systems (SecureComm\u201915) . Springer 330\u2013347.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-28865-9_18"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patrice Godefroid Bo-Yuan Huang and Marina Polishchuk. 2020. Intelligent REST API data fuzzing. In Proceedings of the 28th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC\/FSE\u201920) . 725\u2013736.","DOI":"10.1145\/3368089.3409719"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1375581.1375607"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patrice Godefroid Nils Klarlund and Koushik Sen. 2005. DART: Directed automated random testing. In Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI\u201905) . 213\u2013223.","DOI":"10.1145\/1065010.1065036"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_74_2","first-page":"151","volume-title":"The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201908)","year":"2008","unstructured":"Patrice Godefroid, Michael Y. Levin, and David A. Molnar. 2008. Automated whitebox fuzz testing. In The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201908), Vol. 8. 151\u2013166."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patrice Godefroid Hila Peleg and Rishabh Singh. 2017. Learn&fuzz: Machine learning for input fuzzing. In Proceedings of the 32nd IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE\u201917) . IEEE Press 50\u201359.","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2017.8115618"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gustavo Grieco Mart\u00edn Ceresa and Pablo Buiras. 2016. QuickFuzz: An automatic random fuzzer for common file formats. In Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Haskell (Haskell\u201916) . 13\u201320.","DOI":"10.1145\/2976002.2976017"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_77_2","first-page":"49","volume-title":"USENIX Security Symposium","author":"Haller Istvan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Istvan Haller, Asia Slowinska, Matthias Neugschwandtner, and Herbert Bos. 2013. Dowsing for overflows: A guided fuzzer to find buffer boundary violations. In USENIX Security Symposium. 49\u201364."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3133956.3134103"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_79_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201919)","author":"Han HyungSeok","year":"2019","unstructured":"HyungSeok Han, DongHyeon Oh, and Sang Kil Cha. 2019. CodeAlchemist: Semantics-aware code generation to find vulnerabilities in Javascript engines. In The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201919). 1\u201315."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3319535.3363230"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_81_2","unstructured":"Christian Holler Kim Herzig and Andreas Zeller. 2012. Fuzzing with code fragments. In 21st USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201912) . 445\u2013458."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_82_2","first-page":"1144","volume-title":"IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201920)","author":"Huang H.","year":"2020","unstructured":"H. Huang, P. Yao, R. Wu, Q. Shi, and C. Zhang. 2020. Pangolin: Incremental hybrid fuzzing with polyhedral path abstraction. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201920). IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, 1144\u20131158."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_83_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201921)","author":"Hyungsub Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim Hyungsub, Ozmen Muslum Ozgur, Bianchi Antonio, Celik Z. Berkay, and Xu Dongyan. 2021. PGFUZZ: Policy-guided fuzzing for robotic vehicles. In The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201921). 1\u201318."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_84_2","unstructured":"Kyriakos K. Ispoglou Daniel Austin Vishwath Mohan and Mathias Payer. 2020. FuzzGen: Automatic fuzzer generation. In 29th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201920) . 2271\u20132287."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_85_2","first-page":"754","volume-title":"IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201919)","author":"Jeong Dae R.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dae R. Jeong, Kyungtae Kim, Basavesh Shivakumar, Byoungyoung Lee, and Insik Shin. 2019. Razzer: Finding kernel race bugs through fuzzing. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201919). IEEE, 754\u2013768."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_86_2","unstructured":"jfoote. 2020. The exploitable GDB plugin. Retrieved February 7 2020 from https:\/\/github.com\/jfoote\/exploitable."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3238147.3238177"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_88_2","unstructured":"Zu-Ming Jiang Jia-Ju Bai Kangjie Lu and Shi-Min Hu. 2020. Fuzzing error handling code using context-sensitive software fault injection. In 29th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201920) . USENIX Association 2595\u20132612."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_89_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201921)","author":"Jinghan Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang Jinghan, Song Chengyu, and Heng Yin. 2021. Reinforcement learning-based hierarchical seed scheduling for greybox fuzzing. In The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201921). 1\u201317."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"William Johansson Martin Svensson Ulf E. Larson Magnus Almgren and Vincenzo Gulisano. 2014. T-Fuzz: Model-based fuzzing for robustness testing of telecommunication protocols. In 2014 IEEE 7th International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation (ICST\u201914) . IEEE 323\u2013332.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICST.2014.45"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pallavi Joshi Chang-Seo Park Koushik Sen and Mayur Naik. 2009. A randomized dynamic program analysis technique for detecting real deadlocks. In Proceedings of the 30th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI\u201909) . 110\u2013120.","DOI":"10.1145\/1543135.1542489"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_92_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201921)","author":"Jung Jinho","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jinho Jung, Stephen Tong, Hong Hu, Jungwon Lim, Yonghwi Jin, and Taesoo Kim. 2021. WINNIE: Fuzzing windows applications with harness synthesis and fast cloning. In The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201921). 1\u201317."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ulf Karg\u00e9n and Nahid Shahmehri. 2015. Turning programs against each other: High coverage fuzz-testing using binary-code mutation and dynamic slicing. In Proceedings of the 2015 10th Joint Meeting on Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC\/FSE\u201915) . ACM 782\u2013792.","DOI":"10.1145\/2786805.2786844"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_94_2","volume-title":"Markov Chains","author":"Kemeny John G.","year":"1976","unstructured":"John G. Kemeny and J. Laurie Snell. 1976. Markov Chains, Vol. 6. Springer-Verlag, New York."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNN.1995.488968"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_96_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201920)","author":"Kim Kyungtae","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kyungtae Kim, Dae R. Jeong, Chung Hwan Kim, Yeongjin Jang, Insik Shin, and Byoungyoung Lee. 2020. HFL: Hybrid fuzzing on the Linux kernel. In The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201920). 1\u201317."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"George Klees Andrew Ruef Benji Cooper Shiyi Wei and Michael Hicks. 2018. Evaluating fuzz testing. In Proceedings of the 2018 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS\u201918) . ACM 2123\u20132138.","DOI":"10.1145\/3243734.3243804"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhifeng Lai Shing-Chi Cheung and Wing Kwong Chan. 2010. Detecting atomic-set serializability violations in multithreaded programs through active randomized testing. In Proceedings of the 32nd ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE\u201910) . 235\u2013244.","DOI":"10.1145\/1806799.1806836"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_99_2","unstructured":"Gwangmu Lee Woochul Shim and Byoungyoung Lee. 2021. Constraint-guided directed greybox fuzzing. In 30th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201921) . 1\u201318."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_100_2","unstructured":"Suyoung Lee HyungSeok Han Sang Kil Cha and Sooel Son. 2020. Montage: A neural network language model-guided Javascript engine fuzzer. In 29th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201920) . USENIX Association 1\u201318."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_101_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201917)","author":"Lee Seungsoo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Seungsoo Lee, Changhoon Yoon, Chanhee Lee, Seungwon Shin, Vinod Yegneswaran, and Phillip A. Porras. 2017. DELTA: A security assessment framework for software-defined networks. In The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201917). 1\u201315."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caroline Lemieux and Koushik Sen. 2018. Fairfuzz: A targeted mutation strategy for increasing greybox fuzz testing coverage. In Proceedings of the 33rd ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE\u201918) . 475\u2013485.","DOI":"10.1145\/3238147.3238176"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42400-018-0002-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_104_2","unstructured":"Yuekang Li Bihuan Chen Mahinthan Chandramohan Shang-Wei Lin Yang Liu and Alwen Tiu. 2017. Steelix: Program-state based binary fuzzing. In Proceedings of the 2017 12th Joint Meeting on Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC\/FSE\u201917) . ACM 627\u2013637."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_105_2","unstructured":"Yuwei Li Shouling Ji Yuan Chen Sizhuang Liang Wei-Han Lee Yueyao Chen Chenyang Lyu et\u00a0al. 2021. UniFuzz: A holistic and pragmatic metrics-driven platform for evaluating fuzzers. In 30th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201921) . 1\u201318."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_106_2","unstructured":"Yuekang Li Yinxing Xue Hongxu Chen Xiuheng Wu Cen Zhang Xiaofei Xie Haijun Wang and Yang Liu. 2019. Cerebro: Context-aware adaptive fuzzing for effective vulnerability detection. In Proceedings of the 2019 27th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC\/FSE\u201919) . 533\u2013544."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chieh-Jan Mike Liang Nicholas D. Lane Niels Brouwers Li Zhang B\u00f6rje F. Karlsson Hao Liu Yan Liu Jun Tang Xiang Shan Ranveer Chandra et\u00a0al. 2014. Caiipa: Automated large-scale mobile app testing through contextual fuzzing. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom\u201914) . 519\u2013530.","DOI":"10.1145\/2639108.2639131"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TR.2018.2834476"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daniel Liew Cristian Cadar Alastair F. Donaldson and J. Ryan Stinnett. 2019. Just fuzz it: Solving floating-point constraints using coverage-guided fuzzing. In Proceedings of the 2019 27th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC\/FSE\u201919) . 521\u2013532.","DOI":"10.1145\/3338906.3338921"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2020.2993293"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_111_2","unstructured":"Baozheng Liu Chao Zhang Guang Gong Yishun Zeng Haifeng Ruan and Jianwei Zhuge. 2020. FANS: Fuzzing Android native system services via automated interface analysis. In 29th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201920) . USENIX Association 307\u2013323."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2017.65"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v33i01.33011044"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_114_2","unstructured":"LLVM. 2021. The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure. Retrieved March 2021 from https:\/\/llvm.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_115_2","unstructured":"Shan Lu Soyeon Park Eunsoo Seo and Yuanyuan Zhou. 2008. Learning from mistakes: A comprehensive study on real world concurrency bug characteristics. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS\u201908) . 329\u2013339."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE43902.2021.00037"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_117_2","unstructured":"Chenyang Lyu Shouling Ji Chao Zhang Yuwei Li Wei-Han Lee and Yu Song. 2019. MOPT: Optimized mutation scheduling for fuzzers. In 28th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201919) . USENIX Association 1949\u20131966."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2015.49"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valentin J. M. Man\u00e8s Soomin Kim and Sang Kil Cha. 2020. Ankou: Guiding grey-box fuzzing towards combinatorial difference. In Proceedings of the ACM\/IEEE 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE\u201920) . 1024\u20131036.","DOI":"10.1145\/3377811.3380421"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_120_2","first-page":"2312","article-title":"The art, science, and engineering of fuzzing: A survey","author":"Man\u00e8s Valentin Jean Marie","year":"2019","unstructured":"Valentin Jean Marie Man\u00e8s, HyungSeok Han, Choongwoo Han, Sang Kil Cha, Manuel Egele, Edward J. Schwartz, and Maverick Woo. 2019. The art, science, and engineering of fuzzing: A survey. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 47 (2019), 2312\u20132331.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_121_2","unstructured":"Muhammad Numair Mansur Maria Christakis Valentin W\u00fcstholz and Fuyuan Zhang. 2020. Detecting critical bugs in SMT solvers using blackbox mutational fuzzing. In Proceedings of the 28th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC\/FSE\u201920) . 701\u2013712."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ke Mao Mark Harman and Yue Jia. 2016. Sapienz: Multi-objective automated testing for android applications. In Proceedings of the 25th International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis (ISSTA\u201916) . 94\u2013105.","DOI":"10.1145\/2931037.2931054"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paul Dan Marinescu and Cristian Cadar. 2013. KATCH: High-coverage testing of software patches. In Proceedings of the 2013 9th Joint Meeting on Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC\/FSE\u201913) . 235\u2013245.","DOI":"10.1145\/2491411.2491438"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2017.8115639"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiaozhu Meng and Barton P. Miller. 2016. Binary code is not easy. In Proceedings of the 25th International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis (ISSTA\u201916) . ACM 24\u201335.","DOI":"10.1145\/2931037.2931047"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1949.10483310"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jonathan Metzman Abhishek Arya and Laszlo Szekeres. 2020. FuzzBench: Fuzzer Benchmarking as a Service. https:\/\/security.googleblog.com\/2020\/03\/fuzzbench-fuzzer-benchmarking-as-service.html.","DOI":"10.1145\/3468264.3473932"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tom\u00e1\u0161 Mikolov Martin Karafi\u00e1t Luk\u00e1\u0161 Burget Jan \u010cernock\u1ef3 and Sanjeev Khudanpur. 2010. Recurrent neural network based language model. In 11th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (INTERSPEECH\u201910) . 1045\u20131048.","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2010-343"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_129_2","unstructured":"Barton Miller and Jeff Hollingsworth. 2019. Dyninst: An API for program binary analysis and instrumentation. Retrieved June 2019 from https:\/\/dyninst.org\/dyninst."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/96267.96279"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_131_2","volume-title":"CanSecWest","author":"Miller Charlie","year":"2008","unstructured":"Charlie Miller. 2008. Fuzz by number - More data about fuzzing than you ever wanted to know. In CanSecWest."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_132_2","unstructured":"MITRE. 2020. 2020 CWE Top 25 Most Dangerous Software Weaknesses. https:\/\/cwe.mitre.org\/top25\/archive\/2020\/2020_cwe_top25.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_133_2","unstructured":"David Molnar Xue Cong Li and David A. Wagner. 2009. Dynamic test generation to find integer bugs in x86 binary Linux programs. In 18th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201909) Vol. 9. 67\u201382."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_134_2","first-page":"787","volume-title":"IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201919)","author":"Nagy Stefan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stefan Nagy and Matthew Hicks. 2019. Full-speed fuzzing: Reducing fuzzing overhead through coverage-guided tracing. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201919). 787\u2013802."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_135_2","unstructured":"Stefan Nagy Anh Nguyen-Tuong Jason D. Hiser Jack W. Davidson and Matthew Hicks. 2021. Breaking through binaries: Compiler-quality instrumentation for better binary-only fuzzing. In 30th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201921) . 1\u201319."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_136_2","first-page":"3","volume-title":"The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201905)","author":"Newsome James","year":"2005","unstructured":"James Newsome and Dawn Xiaodong Song. 2005. Dynamic taint analysis for automatic detection, analysis, and signature generation of exploits on commodity software. In The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201905), Vol. 5. Citeseer, 3\u20134."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3324884.3416668"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tai D. Nguyen Long H. Pham Jun Sun Yun Lin and Quang Tran Minh. 2020. sFuzz: An efficient adaptive fuzzer for solidity smart contracts. In Proceedings of the ACM\/IEEE 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE\u201920) . 778\u2013788.","DOI":"10.1145\/3377811.3380334"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2019.00034"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_140_2","unstructured":"Oleksii Oleksenko Bohdan Trach Mark Silberstein and Christof Fetzer. 2020. SpecFuzz: Bringing spectre-type vulnerabilities to the surface. In 29th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201920) . USENIX Association 1481\u20131498."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_141_2","unstructured":"Sebastian \u00d6sterlund Kaveh Razavi Herbert Bos and Cristiano Giuffrida. 2020. ParmeSan: Sanitizer-guided greybox fuzzing. In 29th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201920) . USENIX Association 2289\u20132306."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2007.37"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_143_2","unstructured":"Shankara Pailoor Andrew Aday and Suman Jana. 2018. Moonshine: Optimizing OS fuzzer seed selection with trace distillation. In 27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201918) . 729\u2013743."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_144_2","unstructured":"Jianfeng Pan Guanglu Yan and Xiaocao Fan. 2017. Digtool: A virtualization-based framework for detecting kernel vulnerabilities. In 26th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201917) . 149\u2013165."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_145_2","unstructured":"Chang-Seo Park and Koushik Sen. 2008. Randomized active atomicity violation detection in concurrent programs. In Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering (SIGSOFT\u201908\/FSE-16) . 135\u2013145."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_146_2","first-page":"1211","volume-title":"IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201920)","author":"Park S.","year":"2020","unstructured":"S. Park, W. Xu, I. Yun, D. Jang, and T. Kim. 2020. Fuzzing JavaScript engines with aspect-preserving mutation. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201920). IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, 1211\u20131225."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_147_2","unstructured":"Terence Parr. [n.d.]. ANTLR: ANother Tool for Language Recognition. Retrieved January 2021 from https:\/\/www.antlr.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_148_2","unstructured":"Peachtech. 2021. Peach: The Peach Fuzzer Platform. Retrieved January 2021 from https:\/\/www.peach.tech\/products\/peach-fuzzer\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_149_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kexin Pei Yinzhi Cao Junfeng Yang and Suman Jana. 2017. Deepxplore: Automated whitebox testing of deep learning systems. In Proceedings of the 26th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP\u201917) . 1\u201318.","DOI":"10.1145\/3132747.3132785"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_150_2","unstructured":"Hui Peng and Mathias Payer. 2020. USBFuzz: A framework for fuzzing USB drivers by device emulation. In 29th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201920) . USENIX Association 2559\u20132575."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_151_2","first-page":"697","volume-title":"IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201918)","author":"Peng Hui","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hui Peng, Yan Shoshitaishvili, and Mathias Payer. 2018. T-Fuzz: Fuzzing by program transformation. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201918). IEEE, 697\u2013710."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_152_2","first-page":"615","volume-title":"IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201917)","author":"Petsios Theofilos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Theofilos Petsios, Adrian Tang, Salvatore Stolfo, Angelos D. Keromytis, and Suman Jana. 2017. NEZHA: Efficient domain-independent differential testing. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201917). IEEE, 615\u2013632."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_153_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3133956.3134073"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_154_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2970276.2970316"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_155_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICST46399.2020.00062"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_156_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van-Thuan Pham Wei Boon Ng Konstantin Rubinov and Abhik Roychoudhury. 2015. Hercules: Reproducing crashes in real-world application binaries. In 2015 IEEE\/ACM 37th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE\u201915) . IEEE 891\u2013901.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2015.99"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_157_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2007.05.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_158_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201917)","author":"Rawat Sanjay","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sanjay Rawat, Vivek Jain, Ashish Kumar, Lucian Cojocar, Cristiano Giuffrida, and Herbert Bos. 2017. VUzzer: Application-aware evolutionary fuzzing. In The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201917). 1\u201315."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_159_2","unstructured":"Alexandre Rebert Sang Kil Cha Thanassis Avgerinos Jonathan Foote David Warren Gustavo Grieco and David Brumley. 2014. Optimizing seed selection for fuzzing. In 23rd USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201914) . 861\u2013875."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_160_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201921)","author":"Redini Nilo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nilo Redini, Andrea Continella, Dipanjan Das, Giulio De Pasquale, Noah Spahn, Aravind Machiry, Antonio Bianchi, Christopher Kruegel, and Giovanni Vigna. 2021. DIANE: Identifying fuzzing triggers in apps to generate under-constrained inputs for IoT devices. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201921). 1\u201317."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_161_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201910)","author":"Saxena Prateek","year":"2010","unstructured":"Prateek Saxena, Steve Hanna, Pongsin Poosankam, and Dawn Song. 2010. FLAX: Systematic discovery of client-side validation vulnerabilities in rich web applications. In The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201910). 1\u201317."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_162_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/98163.98167"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_163_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201920)","author":"Schumilo Sergej","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sergej Schumilo, Cornelius Aschermann, Ali Abbasi, Simon W\u00f6rner, and Thorsten Holz. 2020. HYPER-CUBE: High-dimensional hypervisor fuzzing. In The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201920). 1\u201316."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_164_2","unstructured":"Sergej Schumilo Cornelius Aschermann Ali Abbasi Simon W\u00f6rner and Thorsten Holz. 2021. NYX: Greybox hypervisor fuzzing using fast snapshots and affine types. In 30th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201921) . 1\u201318."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_165_2","unstructured":"Sergej Schumilo Cornelius Aschermann Robert Gawlik Sebastian Schinzel and Thorsten Holz. 2017. kAFL: Hardware-assisted feedback fuzzing for OS kernels. In 26th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201917) . 167\u2013182."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_166_2","unstructured":"Koushik Sen. 2007. Concolic testing. In Proceedings of the 22nd IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE\u201907) . 571\u2013572."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_167_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koushik Sen. 2007. Effective random testing of concurrent programs. In Proceedings of the 22nd IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE\u201907) . 323\u2013332.","DOI":"10.1145\/1321631.1321679"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_168_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koushik Sen. 2008. Race directed random testing of concurrent programs. In Proceedings of the 29th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI\u201908) . 11\u201321.","DOI":"10.1145\/1379022.1375584"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_169_2","unstructured":"Konstantin Serebryany Derek Bruening Alexander Potapenko and Dmitry Vyukov. 2012. AddressSanitizer: A fast address sanity checker. In 2012 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC\u201912) . 309\u2013318."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_170_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2187671.2187673"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_171_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_172_2","unstructured":"Dongdong She Rahul Krishna Lu Yan Suman Jana and Baishakhi Ray. 2020. MTFuzz: Fuzzing with a multi-task neural network. In Proceedings of the 28th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC\/FSE\u201920) . 737\u2013749."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_173_2","first-page":"803","volume-title":"IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201919)","author":"She Dongdong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dongdong She, Kexin Pei, Dave Epstein, Junfeng Yang, Baishakhi Ray, and Suman Jana. 2019. NEUZZ: Efficient fuzzing with neural program smoothing. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201919). 803\u2013817."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_174_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2976749.2978411"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_175_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201919)","author":"Song Dokyung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dokyung Song, Felicitas Hetzelt, Dipanjan Das, Chad Spensky, Yeoul Na, Stijn Volckaert, Giovanni Vigna, Christopher Kruegel, Jean-Pierre Seifert, and Michael Franz. 2019. Periscope: An effective probing and fuzzing framework for the hardware-os boundary. In The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201919). 1\u201315."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_176_2","first-page":"1275","volume-title":"IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201919)","author":"Song Dokyung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dokyung Song, Julian Lettner, Prabhu Rajasekaran, Yeoul Na, Stijn Volckaert, Per Larsen, and Michael Franz. 2019. SoK: Sanitizing for security. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201919). 1275\u20131295."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_177_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suhwan Song Chengyu Song Yeongjin Jang and Byoungyoung Lee. 2020. CrFuzz: Fuzzing multi-purpose programs through input validation. In Proceedings of the 28th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC\/FSE\u201920) . 690\u2013700.","DOI":"10.1145\/3368089.3409769"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_178_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201916)","author":"Stephens Nick","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nick Stephens, John Grosen, Christopher Salls, Andrew Dutcher, Ruoyu Wang, Jacopo Corbetta, Yan Shoshitaishvili, Christopher Kruegel, and Giovanni Vigna. 2016. Driller: Augmenting fuzzing through selective symbolic execution. In The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201916). 1\u201316."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_179_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2013.13","volume-title":"IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201913)","author":"Szekeres Laszlo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Laszlo Szekeres, Mathias Payer, Tao Wei, and Dawn Song. 2013. Sok: Eternal war in memory. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201913). 48\u201362."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_180_2","unstructured":"Dimitrios Tychalas Hadjer Benkraouda and Michail Maniatakos. 2021. ICSFuzz: Manipulating I\/Os and repurposing binary code to enable instrumented fuzzing in ICS control applications. In 30th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201921) . 1\u201316."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_181_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spandan Veggalam Sanjay Rawat Istvan Haller and Herbert Bos. 2016. IFuzzer: An evolutionary interpreter fuzzer using genetic programming. In European Symposium on Research in Computer Security (ESORICS\u201916) . Springer 581\u2013601.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-45744-4_29"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_182_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE43902.2021.00072"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_183_2","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 22th Chaos Communication Congress","author":"Vuagnoux Martin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Martin Vuagnoux. 2005. Autodaf\u00e9: An act of software torture. In Proceedings of the 22th Chaos Communication Congress. Chaos Computer Club, 47\u201358."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_184_2","unstructured":"Dmitry Vyukov. 2021. syzkaller. Retrieved May 2021 from https:\/\/github.com\/google\/syzkaller."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_185_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3377811.3380386"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_186_2","first-page":"579","volume-title":"IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201917)","author":"Wang Junjie","year":"2017","unstructured":"Junjie Wang, Bihuan Chen, Lei Wei, and Yang Liu. 2017. Skyfire: Data-driven seed generation for fuzzing. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201917). IEEE, 579\u2013594."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_187_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2019.00081"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_188_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2010.37","volume-title":"IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201910)","author":"Wang Tielei","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tielei Wang, Tao Wei, Guofei Gu, and Wei Zou. 2010. TaintScope: A checksum-aware directed fuzzing tool for automatic software vulnerability detection. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201910). IEEE, 497\u2013512."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_189_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201920)","author":"Wang Yanhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yanhao Wang, Xiangkun Jia, Yuwei Liu, Kyle Zeng, Tiffany Bao, Dinghao Wu, and Purui Su. 2020. Not all coverage measurements are equal: Fuzzing by coverage accounting for input prioritization. In The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201920). 1\u201317."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_190_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23808-6_34"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_191_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiayi Wei Jia Chen Yu Feng Kostas Ferles and Isil Dillig. 2018. Singularity: Pattern fuzzing for worst case complexity. In Proceedings of the 2018 26th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC\/FSE\u201918) . 213\u2013223.","DOI":"10.1145\/3236024.3236039"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_192_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-7439(87)80084-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_193_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maverick Woo Sang Kil Cha Samantha Gottlieb and David Brumley. 2013. Scheduling black-box mutational fuzzing. In Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS\u201913) . 511\u2013522.","DOI":"10.1145\/2508859.2516736"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_194_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3368089.3417064"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_195_2","first-page":"1396","volume-title":"IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201920)","author":"Xu M.","year":"2020","unstructured":"M. Xu, S. Kashyap, H. Zhao, and T. Kim. 2020. Krace: Data race fuzzing for kernel file systems. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201920). IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, 1396\u20131413."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_196_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3133956.3134046"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_197_2","first-page":"818","volume-title":"IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201919)","author":"Xu Wen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wen Xu, Hyungon Moon, Sanidhya Kashyap, Po-Ning Tseng, and Taesoo Kim. 2019. Fuzzing file systems via two-dimensional input space exploration. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201919). 818\u2013834."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_198_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3372297.3423340"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_199_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shengbo Yan Chenlu Wu Hang Li Wei Shao and Chunfu Jia. 2020. PathAFL: Path-coverage assisted fuzzing. In Proceedings of the 15th ACM ASIA Conference on Computer and Communications Security (ASIACCS\u201920) . 598\u2013609.","DOI":"10.1145\/3320269.3384736"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_200_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dingning Yang Yuqing Zhang and Qixu Liu. 2012. Blendfuzz: A model-based framework for fuzz testing programs with grammatical inputs. In IEEE 11th International Conference on Trust Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom\u201912) . IEEE 1070\u20131076.","DOI":"10.1109\/TrustCom.2012.99"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_201_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2019.00080"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_202_2","first-page":"769","volume-title":"IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201919)","author":"You Wei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wei You, Xueqiang Wang, Shiqing Ma, Jianjun Huang, Xiangyu Zhang, XiaoFeng Wang, and Bin Liang. 2019. ProFuzzer: On-the-fly input type probing for better zero-day vulnerability discovery. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201919). IEEE, 769\u2013786."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_203_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3133956.3134085"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_204_2","unstructured":"Tai Yue Pengfei Wang Yong Tang Enze Wang Bo Yu Kai Lu and Xu Zhou. 2020. EcoFuzz: Adaptive energy-saving greybox fuzzing as a variant of the adversarial multi-armed bandit. In 29th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201920) . USENIX Association 2307\u20132324."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_205_2","unstructured":"Insu Yun Sangho Lee Meng Xu Yeongjin Jang and Taesoo Kim. 2018. QSYM: A practical concolic execution engine tailored for hybrid fuzzing. In 27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201918) . 745\u2013761."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_206_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201914)","author":"Zaddach Jonas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jonas Zaddach, Luca Bruno, Aurelien Francillon, and Davide Balzarotti. 2014. AVATAR: A framework to support dynamic security analysis of embedded systems\u2019 firmwares. In The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201914), Vol. 23. 1\u201316."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_207_2","unstructured":"Micha\u0142 Zalewski. 2021. AFL (American fuzzy lop). Retrieved January 21 2021 from https:\/\/github.com\/google\/AFL."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_208_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3324884.3416641"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_209_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201919)","author":"Zhang Yangyong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yangyong Zhang, Lei Xu, Abner Mendoza, Guangliang Yang, Phakpoom Chinprutthiwong, and Guofei Gu. 2019. Life after speech recognition: Fuzzing semantic misinterpretation for voice assistant applications. In The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201919). 1\u201315."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_210_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201921)","author":"Zhang Zhuo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhuo Zhang, Wei You, Guanhong Tao, Yousra Aafer, Xuwei Liu, and Xiangyu Zhang. 2021. STOCHFUZZ: Sound and cost-effective fuzzing of stripped binaries by incremental and stochastic rewriting. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P\u201921). 1\u201318."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_211_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201919)","author":"Zhao Lei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lei Zhao, Yue Duan, Heng Yin, and Jifeng Xuan. 2019. Send hardest problems my way: Probabilistic path prioritization for hybrid fuzzing. In The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS\u201919). 1\u201315."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_212_2","unstructured":"Yaowen Zheng Ali Davanian Heng Yin Chengyu Song Hongsong Zhu and Limin Sun. 2019. FIRM-AFL: High-Throughput greybox fuzzing of IoT firmware via augmented process emulation. In 28th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201919) . USENIX Association 1099\u20131114."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_213_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3372297.3417260"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_214_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3324884.3416572"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_215_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3460120.3484596"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_216_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3321705.3329845"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_217_2","first-page":"912","article-title":"CSI-Fuzz: Full-speed edge tracing using coverage sensitive instrumentation","author":"Zhu Xiaogang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiaogang Zhu, Xiaotao Feng, Xiaozhu Meng, Sheng Wen, Seyit Camtepe, Yang Xiang, and Kui Ren. 2020. CSI-Fuzz: Full-speed edge tracing using coverage sensitive instrumentation. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 19 (2020), 912\u2013923.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_218_2","unstructured":"Peiyuan Zong Tao Lv Dawei Wang Zizhuang Deng Ruigang Liang and Kai Chen. 2020. FuzzGuard: Filtering out unreachable inputs in directed grey-box fuzzing through deep learning. In 29th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security\u201920) . 2255\u20132269."}],"container-title":["ACM Computing Surveys"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3512345","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3512345","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T18:09:58Z","timestamp":1750183798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3512345"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]]},"references-count":217,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11s","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3512345"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3512345","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-0300","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7341","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-07-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}