{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T02:02:55Z","timestamp":1768010575622,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"CSCW1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"NSERC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RGPIN-2016-06326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2016-06326"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing (DHH) audiences have long complained about caption qualities for many online videos created by individual content creators on video-sharing platforms (e.g., YouTube). However, there lack explorations of practices, challenges, and perceptions of online video captions from the perspectives of both individual content creators and DHH audiences. In this work, we first explore DHH audiences' feedback on and reactions to YouTube video captions through interviews with 13 DHH individuals, and uncover DHH audiences' experiences, challenges, and perceptions on watching videos created by individual content creators (e.g., manually added caption tags could create additional confidence and trust in caption qualities for DHH audiences). We then discover individual content creators' practices, challenges, and perceptions on captioning their videos (e.g., back-captioning problems) by conducting a YouTube video analysis with 189 captioning-related YouTube videos, followed by a survey with 62 individual content creators. Overall, our findings provide an in-depth understanding of captions generated by individual content creators and bridge the knowledge gap mutually between content creators and DHH audiences on captions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3512922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]],"date-time":"2022-04-07T16:54:59Z","timestamp":1649350499000},"page":"1-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["An Exploration of Captioning Practices and Challenges of Individual Content Creators on YouTube for People with Hearing Impairments"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Franklin Mingzhe","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}]},{"given":"Zhicong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Carrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}]},{"given":"Khai N.","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2466158"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2590651.2590655"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","volume-title":"Olivier Deroo, Stephane Dupont, Teodora Erbes, Denis Jouvet, Luciano Fissore, Pietro Laface, Alfred Mertins, Christophe Ris, et al.","author":"Benzeghiba Mohamed","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mohamed Benzeghiba , Renato De Mori , Olivier Deroo, Stephane Dupont, Teodora Erbes, Denis Jouvet, Luciano Fissore, Pietro Laface, Alfred Mertins, Christophe Ris, et al. 2007 . Automatic speech recognition and speech variability: A review. Speech communication, Vol. 49 , 10--11 (2007), 763--786. Mohamed Benzeghiba, Renato De Mori, Olivier Deroo, Stephane Dupont, Teodora Erbes, Denis Jouvet, Luciano Fissore, Pietro Laface, Alfred Mertins, Christophe Ris, et al. 2007. Automatic speech recognition and speech variability: A review. Speech communication, Vol. 49, 10--11 (2007), 763--786."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3132525.3132541"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Summary health statistics for US adults: national health interview survey, 2012. Vital and health statistics","volume":"260","author":"Blackwell Debra L","year":"2014","unstructured":"Debra L Blackwell , Jacqueline W Lucas , and Tainya C Clarke . 2014 . Summary health statistics for US adults: national health interview survey, 2012. Vital and health statistics . Series 10, Data from the National Health Survey 260 (2014), 1 . 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