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Multimedia Comput. Commun. Appl."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>At present, there have been many studies on the methods of using the deep learning regression model to assess depression level based on behavioral signals (facial expression, speech, and language); however, the research on the assessment method of anxiety level using deep learning is absent. In this article, pupil-wave, a physiological signal collected by Human Computer Interaction (HCI) that can directly represent the emotional state, is developed to assess the level of depression and anxiety for the first time. In order to distinguish between different depression and anxiety levels, we use the HCI method to induce the participants\u2019 emotional experience through three virtual reality (VR) emotional scenes of joyful, sad, and calm, and construct two differential pupil-waves of joyful and sad with the calm pupil-wave as the baseline. Correspondingly, a dual-channel fusion depression and anxiety level assessment model is constructed using the improved multi-scale convolution module and our proposed width-channel attention module for one-dimensional signal processing. The test results show that the MAE\/RMSE of the depression and anxiety level assessment method proposed in this article is 3.05\/4.11 and 2.49\/1.85, respectively, which has better assessment performance than other related research methods. This study provides an automatic assessment technique based on human computer interaction and virtual reality for mental health physical examination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3513263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,30]],"date-time":"2022-04-30T11:11:52Z","timestamp":1651317112000},"page":"1-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Automatic Assessment of Depression and Anxiety through Encoding Pupil-wave from HCI in VR Scenes"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5426-5897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing International Collaboration Base on Brain Informatics and Wisdom Services, Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Perception and Autonomous Control, Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Digital Community, Ministry of Education, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4605-0735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3514-5413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3602-7304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaming","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4246-4626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9813-6752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shengfu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing International Collaboration Base on Brain Informatics and Wisdom Services, Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Perception and Autonomous Control, Ministry of Education, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.14m09298"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60692-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","unstructured":"C. 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