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Archit. Code Optim."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The expected halt of traditional technology scaling is motivating increased heterogeneity in high-performance computing (HPC) systems with the emergence of numerous specialized accelerators. As heterogeneity increases, so does the risk of underutilizing expensive hardware resources if we preserve today\u2019s rigid node configuration and reservation strategies. This has sparked interest in resource disaggregation to enable finer-grain allocation of hardware resources to applications. However, there is currently no data-driven study of what range of disaggregation is appropriate in HPC. To that end, we perform a detailed analysis of key metrics sampled in NERSC\u2019s Cori, a production HPC system that executes a diverse open-science HPC workload. In addition, we profile a variety of deep-learning applications to represent an emerging workload. We show that for a rack (cabinet) configuration and applications similar to Cori, a central processing unit with intra-rack disaggregation has a 99.5% probability to find all resources it requires inside its rack. In addition, ideal intra-rack resource disaggregation in Cori could reduce memory and NIC resources by 5.36% to 69.01% and still satisfy the worst-case average rack utilization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3514245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T22:19:26Z","timestamp":1643840366000},"page":"1-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["A Case For Intra-rack Resource Disaggregation in HPC"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3743-6054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Michelogiannakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7657-3049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Klenk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4203-4079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brandon","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5656-9288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min Yee","family":"Teh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3042-2039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madeleine","family":"Glick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5533-1083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larry","family":"Dennison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8580-1728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keren","family":"Bergman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0608-3690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Shalf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"[n.d.]. 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