{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T01:55:32Z","timestamp":1780538132655,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]],"date-time":"2022-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            While previous research established that culture plays an important role in technology adoption, there is only limited work on the role of cultural appropriateness in user interface design for users from a specific background. In this study, we focus on the case of avatar design as a user interface element for facilitating positive user experience. Building on the theoretical lenses of social response theory and the \u201cComputers Are Social Actors\u201d paradigm, we develop a research model to investigate how cultural appropriateness of avatar design is a vital driver for users\u2019 trust. We evaluate our research model by means of an online experiment (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 313) in the context of online health advice for users from Saudi Arabia. The avatars differed in appearance (Arab, non-Arab), gender (male, female), and clothing (athletic, medical, everyday). Our results show that Arab avatars exhibited significantly higher cultural appropriateness than non-Arab avatars. Furthermore, participants were more inclined to select an Arab avatar (88.2%) that matched their gender (77.3%). Confirming the critical role of cultural appropriateness, our study demonstrates the importance of carefully considering the target audience in designing user interfaces.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3517138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T11:50:45Z","timestamp":1648468245000},"page":"1-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Understanding the Importance of Cultural Appropriateness for User Interface Design: An Avatar Study"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Hussain M.","family":"Aljaroodi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Physical Sciences, The University of Newcastle and Center of Digital Transformation, The Institute of Public Administration, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc T. P.","family":"Adam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Physical Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timm","family":"Teubner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trust in Digital Services, Technical University of Berlin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Chiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Physical Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"183","article-title":"Students\u2019 first impression of Second Life: A case from the United Arab Emirates","volume":"11","author":"Abdallah S.","year":"2010","unstructured":"S. Abdallah and J. Douglas. 2010. Students\u2019 first impression of Second Life: A case from the United Arab Emirates. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education 11, 3 (2010), 183\u2013192.","journal-title":"Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15332861.2013.763696"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-999-1027-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2014.925772"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Health and Risk Message Design and Processing","author":"Ahn S. J.-G.","year":"2017","unstructured":"S. J.-G. Ahn and J. Fox. 2017. Immersive virtual environments, avatars, and agents for health. In Encyclopedia of Health and Risk Message Design and Processing, R. Parriott (ed.). Oxford University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"997","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference, e-Society","author":"Al-Badi A.","year":"2004","unstructured":"A. Al-Badi and P. Mayhew. 2004. Cultural perception of user interface of a website: comparative study between liberal and prescriptive cultures (British vs. Arab). In Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference, e-Society. 997\u20131000."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2007.09.002"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"72","article-title":"The supernatural in contemporary Arab films","volume":"5","author":"Al-Shamiri M. A. A.","year":"2017","unstructured":"M. A. A. Al-Shamiri. 2017. The supernatural in contemporary Arab films. International Journal Lang. Lit. 5, 1 (2017), 72\u201378.","journal-title":"International Journal Lang. Lit."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09298-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-59144-5_5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3127\/ajis.v23i0.1841"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106246"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-010-9117-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.07.045"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-4666-9978-6.ch026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(02)00657-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","unstructured":"J. L. Arbuckle. 2013. IBM\u00ae SPSS\u00ae AmosTM 22 User's Guide: IBM Corpopration ."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022119852424"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9221.2006.00505.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2005.01619.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","first-page":"201","article-title":"Exploring avatar facial fidelity and emotional expressions on observer perception of the Uncanny Valley","author":"Bailey J.","year":"2016","unstructured":"J. Bailey, K. Blackmore, and G. Robinson. 2016. Exploring avatar facial fidelity and emotional expressions on observer perception of the Uncanny Valley. In Proceedings of the Intersections in Simulation and Gaming. 201\u2013221.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Intersections in Simulation and Gaming"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2008.0292"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Human Factors and the Web","author":"Barber W.","year":"1998","unstructured":"W. Barber and A. Badre. 1998. Culturability: The merging of culture and usability. In Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Human Factors and the Web. Basking Ridge, NJ."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-008-0001-3"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","first-page":"193","article-title":"Integrating cultural diversity in patient education","volume":"7","author":"Bechtel G. A.","year":"1999","unstructured":"G. A. Bechtel and R. E. Davidhizar. 1999. Integrating cultural diversity in patient education. Seminars for Nurse Managers 7, 4 (1999), 193\u2013197.","journal-title":"Seminars for Nurse Managers"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.05.042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2012.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.1999.772736"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098297"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-07632-4_39"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872677102400302"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","unstructured":"A. A. Corrales. 2014. Is it culturally appropriate? Evaluation efforts for measuring the cultural appropriateness in nutrition education programs targeting the Hispanic population. Clemson University."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","volume-title":"Human\u2013Computer Interaction","author":"Dix A.","year":"2004","unstructured":"A. Dix, J. Finlay, G. Abowd, and R. Beale. 2004. Human\u2013Computer Interaction (3rd ed.). Prentice Hall International.","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2013.12.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/249524"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VR.2018.8446539"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/647403.723539"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","unstructured":"C. Fabre A.-L. Malauzat C. Sarkis T. Dhall and J. Ghorra. 2019. E-commerce in MENA: Opportunity beyond the hype . Retrieved from https:\/\/www.bain.com\/contentassets\/2b078686303045ffa1d1207130ab5d79\/bain_report__ecommerce_in_mena.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Information Systems: Transforming Society with Digital Innovation (ICIS 2017)","author":"Fehrenbacher D. D.","year":"2017","unstructured":"D. D. Fehrenbacher and M. M. Weisner. 2017. Avatars and knowledge sharing. In Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Information Systems: Transforming Society with Digital Innovation (ICIS 2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2013.10.045"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2004.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.08.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2015.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.28945\/3569"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJEB.2009.029050"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","volume-title":"Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind","author":"Hofstede G.","year":"2010","unstructured":"G. Hofstede, G. J. Hofstede, and M. Minkov. 2010. Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind (Revised 3r ed.). McGraw-Hill, New York.","edition":"3"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","first-page":"53","article-title":"Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit","volume":"6","author":"Hooper D.","year":"2008","unstructured":"D. Hooper, J. Coughlan, and M. R. Mullen. 2008. Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Electron Journal on Business Research Methods 6, 1 (2008), 53\u201360.","journal-title":"Electron Journal on Business Research Methods"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","first-page":"81","article-title":"Social interaction design in cultural context: A case study of a traditional social activity","volume":"2","author":"Huang K.-H.","year":"2008","unstructured":"K.-H. Huang and Y.-S. Deng. 2008. Social interaction design in cultural context: A case study of a traditional social activity. International Journal of Design 2, 2 (2008), 81\u201396.","journal-title":"International Journal of Design"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21633\/jgpha.6.105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","first-page":"1558","article-title":"Cross-cultural studies of the computers are social actors paradigm: The case of reciprocity","author":"Katagiri Y.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Y. Katagiri, C. Nass, and Y. Takeuchi. 2001. Cross-cultural studies of the computers are social actors paradigm: The case of reciprocity. In Proceedings of the Usability Evaluation and Interface Design: Cognitive Engineering, Intelligent Agents, and Virtual Reality. 1558\u20131562.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Usability Evaluation and Interface Design: Cognitive Engineering, Intelligent Agents, and Virtual Reality"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SAI.2015.7237250"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","first-page":"255","article-title":"Arabic interface analysis based on cultural markers","volume":"9","author":"Khanum M. A.","year":"2012","unstructured":"M. A. Khanum, S. Fatima, and M. A. Chaurasia. 2012. Arabic interface analysis based on cultural markers. International of Journal Computer Science Issues 9, 1 (2012), 255\u2013262.","journal-title":"International of Journal Computer Science Issues"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-21708-1_49"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39137-8_47"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.03.092"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2011.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2011.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198102251021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2010.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2010.0501"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2004.10.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/642611.642662"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2544103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0971852413498741"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_2","first-page":"143","volume-title":"Agent Culture: Human-Agent Interaction in a Multicultural World","author":"Maldonado H.","year":"2004","unstructured":"H. Maldonado and B. Hayes-Roth. 2004. Toward cross-cultural believability in character design. In Agent Culture: Human-Agent Interaction in a Multicultural World, Payr S., Trappl R. (eds.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New Jersey, 143\u2013174."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2958.1975.tb00281.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2011.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_2","first-page":"398","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Advances in Computer\u2013Human Interactions","author":"Mohd Tuah N.","year":"2016","unstructured":"N. Mohd Tuah, G. Wills, and A. Ranchhod. 2016. The characteristics and application of anthropomorphic interface: A design spectrum. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Advances in Computer\u2013Human Interactions. 398\u2013402."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23796529.1994.11674493"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference on Cultural Attitudes Towards Communication and Technology","author":"Mushtaha A.","year":"2012","unstructured":"A. Mushtaha and O. De Troyer. 2012. A pyramid of cultural markers for guiding cultural-centered localized website design. In Proceedings of the Conference on Cultural Attitudes Towards Communication and Technology."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/0022-4537.00153"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/191666.191703"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcc4.12130"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_79_2","first-page":"153","article-title":"The influence of the avatar on online perceptions of anthropomorphism, androgyny, credibility, homophily, and attraction","volume":"11","author":"Nowak K. L.","year":"2006","unstructured":"K. L. Nowak and C. Rauh. 2006. The influence of the avatar on online perceptions of anthropomorphism, androgyny, credibility, homophily, and attraction. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 11, 2 (2006), 153\u2013178.","journal-title":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_2","author":"Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence","year":"2006","unstructured":"Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence. 2006. Arab Cultural Awareness: 58 Factsheets. Kansas. Retrieved from https:\/\/fas.org\/irp\/agency\/army\/arabculture.pdf.","journal-title":"Arab Cultural Awareness: 58 Factsheets"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2015.07.002"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_82_2","first-page":"10","article-title":"Don't hurt my avatar: the use and potential of digital self-representation in risk communication","volume":"4","author":"Parks P.","year":"2014","unstructured":"P. Parks, R. Cruz, and S. J. G. Ahn. 2014. Don't hurt my avatar: the use and potential of digital self-representation in risk communication. International Journal of Robots, Education and Art 4, 2 (2014), 10\u201320.","journal-title":"International Journal of Robots, Education and Art"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/106480409X12487281472615"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_84_2","first-page":"149","article-title":"Effects of gender similarity\/dissimilarity, gender stereotyping and culture on perceived service quality","volume":"18","author":"Pinar M.","year":"2014","unstructured":"M. Pinar, L. Schiffel, S. Strasser, and J. M. St\u00fcck. 2014. Effects of gender similarity\/dissimilarity, gender stereotyping and culture on perceived service quality. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict 18, 1 (2014), 149\u2013169.","journal-title":"Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02547.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2753\/mis0742-1222250405"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2010.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_88_2","first-page":"171","article-title":"The media equation","volume":"35","author":"Reeves B.","year":"1996","unstructured":"B. Reeves and C. Nass. 1996. The media equation. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications. Reynolds, N., Diamantopoulos, A., & Schlegelmilch, B. B. (1993). Presting in questionnaire design: A review of the literature and suggestion for further research. Journal of the Market Research Society 35 (1996), 171\u2013182.","journal-title":"Journal of the Market Research Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_89_2","first-page":"10","article-title":"Cultural sensitivity in public health: Defined and demystified","volume":"9","author":"Resnicow K.","year":"1999","unstructured":"K. Resnicow, T. Baranowski, J. S. Ahluwalia, and R. L. Braithwaite. 1999. Cultural sensitivity in public health: Defined and demystified. Ethnicity & Disease 9, 1 (1999), 10\u201321.","journal-title":"Ethnicity & Disease"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5472-z"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_93_2","first-page":"162","article-title":"U.S. Hispanic consumer e-commerce preferences: Expectations and attitudes toward web content","volume":"9","author":"Singh N.","year":"2008","unstructured":"N. Singh, D. W. Baack, S. K. Kundu, and C. Hurtado. 2008. U.S. Hispanic consumer e-commerce preferences: Expectations and attitudes toward web content. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research 9, 2 (2008), 162\u2013173.","journal-title":"Journal of Electronic Commerce Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_94_2","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Gaming Realities: A Challenge for Digital Culture","author":"Sisler V.","year":"2006","unstructured":"V. Sisler. 2006. Representation and self-representation: Arabs and Muslims in digital games. In Gaming Realities: A Challenge for Digital Culture, Santorineos, M., Dimitriadi, N. Fournos (Eds.). 85\u201392."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1669295.1669305"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intcom.2003.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2013.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2012.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2208923.2208935"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/501516.501536"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2012.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1764967.1765095"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.01.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/665412"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_105_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"What you see is what you g (u) e (s) t: How profile photos and profile information drive providers\u2019 expectations of social reward in co - usage sharing","author":"Teubner T.","year":"2021","unstructured":"T. Teubner, M. T. P. Adam, S. Camacho, and K. Hassanein. 2021. What you see is what you g (u) e (s) t: How profile photos and profile information drive providers\u2019 expectations of social reward in co - usage sharing. Information Systems Management (2021), 1\u201318.","journal-title":"Information Systems Management"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.14528"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(20)30075-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_108_2","unstructured":"United Nations. 2020. COVID-19 on the Arab region: An opportunity to build back better . Retrieved from https:\/\/unsdg.un.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-07\/sg_policy_brief_covid-19_and_arab_states_english_version_july_2020.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_109_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"International Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Communication","author":"Waddell T. F.","year":"2016","unstructured":"T. F. Waddell, B. Zhang, and S. S. Sundar. 2016. Human\u2013computer interaction. In International Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Communication, C. R. Berger & M. E. Roloff (Eds.). Wiley, 1\u20139."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/ejis.2010.47"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.08.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1509\/jmkg.71.3.143"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08998280.2008.11928413"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2009.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.2019.1598691"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1314234.1314253"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3517138","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3517138","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T18:09:02Z","timestamp":1750183742000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3517138"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]]},"references-count":115,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3517138"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3517138","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-0516","1557-7325"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-0516","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7325","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-02-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-02-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}