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Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Sorting data is needed in many application domains. Traditionally, the data is read from memory and sent to a general-purpose processor or application-specific hardware for sorting. The sorted data is then written back to the memory. Reading\/writing data from\/to memory and transferring data between memory and processing unit incur significant latency and energy overhead. In this work, we develop the first architectures for in-memory sorting of data to the best of our knowledge. We propose two architectures. The first architecture is applicable to the conventional format of representing data, i.e., weighted binary radix. The second architecture is proposed for developing unary processing systems, where data is encoded as uniform unary bit-streams. As we present, each of the two architectures has different advantages and disadvantages, making one or the other more suitable for a specific application. However, the common property of both is a significant reduction in the processing time compared to prior sorting designs. Our evaluations show on average 37 \u00d7 and 138\u00d7 energy reduction for binary and unary designs, respectively, compared to conventional CMOS off-memory sorting systems in a 45 nm technology. We designed a 3\u00d73 and a 5\u00d75 Median filter using the proposed sorting solutions, which we used for processing 64\u00d764 pixel images. Our results show a reduction of 14\u00d7 and 634\u00d7 in energy and latency, respectively, with the proposed binary, and 5.6\u00d7 and 152\u00d710\n            <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n            in energy and latency with the proposed unary approach compared to those of the off-memory binary and unary designs for the 3\u00a0\u00d7\u00a03 Median filtering system.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3517181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]],"date-time":"2022-02-11T19:33:16Z","timestamp":1644607996000},"page":"1-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Sorting in Memristive Memory"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3892-8296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohsen Riahi","family":"Alam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Louisiana at Lafayette, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4655-6229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. 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