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ACM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Cognitive biases are hardwired behaviors that influence developer actions and can set them on an incorrect course of action, necessitating backtracking. Although researchers have found that cognitive biases occur in development tasks in controlled lab studies, we still do not know how these biases affect developers' everyday behavior. Without such an understanding, development tools and practices remain inadequate. To close this gap, we conducted a two-part field study to examine the extent to which cognitive biases occur, the consequences of these biases on developer behavior, and the practices and tools that developers use to deal with these biases. We found about 70% of observed actions were associated with at least one cognitive bias. Even though developers recognized that biases frequently occur, they are forced to deal with such issues with ad hoc processes and suboptimal tool support. As one participant (IP12) lamented:\n            <jats:italic>There is no salvation!<\/jats:italic>\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3517217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,19]],"date-time":"2022-03-19T16:24:32Z","timestamp":1647707072000},"page":"115-122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Cognitive biases in software development"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Souti","family":"Chattopadhyay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Au","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Pandita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phase Change Software, Golden, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Sarma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1868328.1868344"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1810295.1810326"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2019.00051"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ic.2011.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-84800-044-5_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2011.40"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Cognition","author":"Mayer R.E.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mayer , R.E. Thinking , Problem Solving , Cognition . A Series of Books in Psychology. WH Freeman\/Times Books\/Henry Holt & Co, Worth Publishers , New York, 1992 . ISBN-13: 9780716722151. Mayer, R.E. Thinking, Problem Solving, Cognition. A Series of Books in Psychology. WH Freeman\/Times Books\/Henry Holt & Co, Worth Publishers, New York, 1992. ISBN-13: 9780716722151."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"SAGE","author":"Miles M.B.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Miles , M.B. , Huberman , A.M. , Huberman , M.A. , Huberman , M. Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook . SAGE , 1994 . Miles, M.B., Huberman, A.M., Huberman, M.A., Huberman, M. Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook. SAGE, 1994."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2018.2877759"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/258549.258558"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","series-title":"Proceedings of International Conference on Intelligence Analysis","volume-title":"The sensemaking process and leverage points for analyst technology as identified through cognitive task analysis","author":"Pirolli P.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pirolli , P. , Card , S. The sensemaking process and leverage points for analyst technology as identified through cognitive task analysis . In Volume 5 of Proceedings of International Conference on Intelligence Analysis . 2005 , 2--4. Pirolli, P., Card, S. The sensemaking process and leverage points for analyst technology as identified through cognitive task analysis. 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The Psychology of Computer Programming, Volume 932633420. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1971."}],"container-title":["Communications of the ACM"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3517217","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3517217","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3517217","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T19:31:30Z","timestamp":1750188690000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3517217"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,19]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3517217"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3517217","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-0782","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7317","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-03-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}