{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T20:23:42Z","timestamp":1780086222509,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"Blavatnik Interdisciplinary Cyber Research Center","award":["144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["144"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Peer support is a powerful tool in improving the digital literacy of older adults. However, while existing literature investigated reactive support, this paper examines proactive support for mobile safety. To predict moments that users need support, we conducted a user study to measure the severity of mobile scenarios (n=300) and users' attitudes toward receiving support in a specific interaction around safety on a mobile device (n=150). We compared classification methods and showed that the random forest method produces better performance than other regression models. We show that user anxiety, openness to social support, self-efficacy, and security awareness are important factors to predict willingness to receive support. We also explore various age variations in the training sample on moments users need support prediction. We find that training on the youngest population produces inferior results for older adults, and training on the aging population produces poor outcomes for young adults. We illustrate that the composition of age can affect how the sample impacts model performance. We conclude the paper by discussing how our findings can be used to design feasible proactive support applications to provide support at the right moment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3517249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T13:42:46Z","timestamp":1648561366000},"page":"1-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Toward Proactive Support for Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Tamir","family":"Mendel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roei","family":"Schuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eran","family":"Tromer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eran","family":"Toch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ahmed Abbasi David Dobolyi Anthony Vance and Fatemeh Mariam Zahedi. 2021. The Phishing Funnel Model: A Design Artifact to Predict User Susceptibility to Phishing Websites. Information Systems Research May. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1287\/isre.2020.0973","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.2020.0973"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shahriar Akter Grace McCarthy Shahriar Sajib Katina Michael Yogesh K. Dwivedi John D'Ambra and K. N. Shen. 2021. Algorithmic bias in data-driven innovation in the age of AI. International Journal of Information Management 60. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102387"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","volume-title":"Machine Bias: There's Software Used Across the Country to Predict Future Criminals. And it's BiasedAgainstBlacks. ProPublica. Retrieved","author":"Angwin Julia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Julia Angwin, Jeff Larson, Surya Mattu, and Lauren Kirchner. 2016. Machine Bias: There's Software Used Across the Country to Predict Future Criminals. And it's BiasedAgainstBlacks. ProPublica. Retrieved June 9, 2021 from https:\/\/www.propublica.org\/article\/machine-bias-risk-assessments-in-criminal-sentencing"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2007.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","unstructured":"Chelsea Barabas Karthik Dinakar Joichi Ito Madars Virza and Jonathan Zittrain. 2017. Interventions over Predictions: Reframing the Ethical Debate for Actuarial Risk Assessment. 1--15. Retrieved from http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1712.08238"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2010.516719"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tianqi Chen and Carlos Guestrin. 2016. XGBoost: A Scalable Tree Boosting System. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2939672.2939785","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939785"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3328910"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2012.681068"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359248"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/249688"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3328911"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.21.2.333"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2660267.2660271"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","unstructured":"Jeffrey Dastin. 2018. Amazon scraps secret AI recruiting tool that showed bias against women. REUTERS."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858265"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702249"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2841113.2841115"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","unstructured":"Michael Fagan Mohammad Maifi Hasan Khan and Michael Fagan. 2016. Why Do They Do What They Do ?: A Study of What Motivates Users to (Not) Follow Computer Security Advice This paper is included in the Proceedings of the Why Do They Do What They Do ? Soups."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3308561.3353807"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","volume-title":"Privacy and Security Threat Models and Mitigation Strategies of Older Adults. Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS): 21-40","author":"Frik Alisa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alisa Frik, Leysan Nurgalieva, Julia Bernd, Joyce S Lee, Florian Schaub, and Serge Egelman. 2019. Privacy and Security Threat Models and Mitigation Strategies of Older Adults. Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS): 21-40."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2395131.2395138"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14236\/ewic\/hci2010.24"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdm.1753"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2004.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/564526.564531"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0894439305275911"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0894439310397146"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556288.2557165"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10714421.2020.1829307"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","volume-title":"My grandma uses facebook: Communication practices of older adults in an age of social media. School of Interactive Arts & Technology","author":"Karimi Azmina","unstructured":"Azmina Karimi and Carman Neustaedter. 2011. My grandma uses facebook: Communication practices of older adults in an age of social media. School of Interactive Arts & Technology, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada. Retrieved from http:\/\/clab.iat.sfu.ca\/pubs\/KarimiMyGrandmaTechReport.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3432954"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3479540"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Designing Robust Models for Behaviour Prediction using Sparse Data from Mobile Sensing: A Case Study of Office Workers' Availability for Wellbeing Interventions","author":"Cavdar Seyma Kucukozer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Seyma Kucukozer Cavdar, Taskaya-Temizel Tugba, Abhinav Mehrotra, Mirco Musolesi, and Peter Tino. 2021. Designing Robust Models for Behaviour Prediction using Sparse Data from Mobile Sensing: A Case Study of Office Workers' Availability for Wellbeing Interventions. ACM Transactions on Computing for Healthcare journal: 1-34.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Computing for Healthcare journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpim.12176"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2801948.2801964"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2370216.2370290"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2566486.2568035"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsis.2016.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3295222.3295230"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2021.1882577"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.568972"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1992.tb00997.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24966\/ggm-8662\/100008"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"B. McKinstry. 2000. Do patients wish to be involved in decision making in the consultation? A cross sectional survey with video vignettes. BMJ 321 7265: 867--871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.321.7265.867","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7265.867"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3056540.3056559"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tamir Mendel. 2019. Social help: Developing methods to support older adults in mobile privacy and security. UbiComp\/ISWC 2019- - Adjunct Proceedings of the 2019 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2019 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers: 383--387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3341162.3349311","DOI":"10.1145\/3341162.3349311"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3447526.3472047"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2998181.2998323"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3369821"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5210\/fm.v8i7.1066"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2010.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3449212"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610213000355"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2470701"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300579"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025831"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJHFE.2014.062550"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650211418338"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2632048.2632062"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3130956"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2750858.2804252"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_64_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Poon Linda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Linda Poon and Sarah Holder. 2020. The 'New Normal' for Many Older Adults Is on the Internet. citylab. Retrieved May 19, 2020 from https:\/\/www.citylab.com\/life\/2020\/05\/seniors-tech-online-resources-computer-video-coronavirus\/610405"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3217804.3217907"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.24364"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/popets-2021-0016"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2976749.2978307"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2019.00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2016.24"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2632048.2636082"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3314411"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025926"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22230\/cjc.2017v42n2a3130"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.20.4.243"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3243734.3243779"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/249477"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470479216.corpsy0943"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3464903"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjsw\/bch345"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3369819"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2441776.2441807"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2078827.2078841"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_85_1","unstructured":"Jun Xiao Richard Catrambone and John Stasko. 2003. Be Quiet? Evaluating Proactive and Reactive User Interface Assistants. Georgia Institute of Technology: 1--10. Retrieved from http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/1853\/3216"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_86_1","volume-title":"Mobile Fact Sheet","year":"2021","unstructured":"2021. Mobile Fact Sheet. Pew Research Center. Retrieved June 9, 2021 from https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/fact-sheet\/mobile\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_87_1","unstructured":"Keras. Retrieved October 30 2021 from https:\/\/keras.io\/"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3517249","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3517249","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T04:25:56Z","timestamp":1752467156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3517249"}},"subtitle":["Predicting the Right Moment for Providing Mobile Safety Help"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3517249"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3517249","relation":{},"ISSN":["2474-9567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2474-9567","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-03-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}