{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T04:30:44Z","timestamp":1773117044570,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":26,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"EU H2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["830927"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["830927"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3517745.3561423","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T21:28:36Z","timestamp":1666387716000},"page":"159-165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Where .ru?"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Mattijs","family":"Jonker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Twente"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gautam","family":"Akiwate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UC San Diego"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Affinito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"kc","family":"Claffy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UC San Diego"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Botta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey M.","family":"Voelker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UC San Diego"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"van Rijswijk-Deij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Twente"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Savage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UC San Diego"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1_1","first-page":"2022","article-title":"Updates to Amazon's retail, entertainment, and AWS businesses in Russia and Belarus. https:\/\/www.aboutamazon.com\/news\/aws\/updates-to-amazons-retail-entertainment-and-aws-businesses-in-russia-and-belarus. aboutamazon (March 2022)","year":"2022","unstructured":"Amazon. 2022 . Updates to Amazon's retail, entertainment, and AWS businesses in Russia and Belarus. https:\/\/www.aboutamazon.com\/news\/aws\/updates-to-amazons-retail-entertainment-and-aws-businesses-in-russia-and-belarus. aboutamazon (March 2022) . Accessed : 2022 - 2005 . Amazon. 2022. Updates to Amazon's retail, entertainment, and AWS businesses in Russia and Belarus. https:\/\/www.aboutamazon.com\/news\/aws\/updates-to-amazons-retail-entertainment-and-aws-businesses-in-russia-and-belarus. aboutamazon (March 2022). Accessed: 2022-05.","journal-title":"Accessed"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2_1","unstructured":"Censys. 2022. Censys Bulk Data Access. https:\/\/censys.io\/data.  Censys. 2022. Censys Bulk Data Access. https:\/\/censys.io\/data."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2013.2291244"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_4_1","volume-title":"Russia's Quest for Digital Sovereignty: Ambitions, Realities and Its Place in the World","author":"Epifanova Alena","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alena Epifanova and Philipp Dietrich . 2022. Russia's Quest for Digital Sovereignty: Ambitions, Realities and Its Place in the World . German Council on Foreign Relations 1 ( 2022 ). Alena Epifanova and Philipp Dietrich. 2022. Russia's Quest for Digital Sovereignty: Ambitions, Realities and Its Place in the World. German Council on Foreign Relations 1 (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_5_1","first-page":"2022","article-title":"Letter to Goran Marby, President and CEO of ICANN. https:\/\/eump.org\/media\/2022\/Goran-Marby.pdf","author":"Fedorov Mykhailo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mykhailo Fedorov . 2022 . Letter to Goran Marby, President and CEO of ICANN. https:\/\/eump.org\/media\/2022\/Goran-Marby.pdf . Accessed : 2022 - 2006 . Mykhailo Fedorov. 2022. Letter to Goran Marby, President and CEO of ICANN. https:\/\/eump.org\/media\/2022\/Goran-Marby.pdf. Accessed: 2022-06.","journal-title":"Accessed"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_6_1","first-page":"2022","article-title":"How GoDaddy is Supporting Ukrainian Customers. https:\/\/aboutus.godaddy.net\/newsroom\/company-news\/news-details\/2022\/How-GoDaddy-is-Supporting-Ukrainian-Customers\/default.aspx","year":"2022","unstructured":"GoDaddy. 2022 . How GoDaddy is Supporting Ukrainian Customers. https:\/\/aboutus.godaddy.net\/newsroom\/company-news\/news-details\/2022\/How-GoDaddy-is-Supporting-Ukrainian-Customers\/default.aspx . Accessed : 2022 - 2005 . GoDaddy. 2022. How GoDaddy is Supporting Ukrainian Customers. https:\/\/aboutus.godaddy.net\/newsroom\/company-news\/news-details\/2022\/How-GoDaddy-is-Supporting-Ukrainian-Customers\/default.aspx. Accessed: 2022-05.","journal-title":"Accessed"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_7_1","unstructured":"UK Government. 2020. The UK Sanctions List. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/the-uk-sanctions-list. Accessed 2022-04-14.  UK Government. 2020. The UK Sanctions List. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/the-uk-sanctions-list. Accessed 2022-04-14."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_8_1","volume-title":"The great firewall of China: How to build and control an alternative version of the internet","author":"Griffiths James","unstructured":"James Griffiths . 2021. The great firewall of China: How to build and control an alternative version of the internet . Bloomsbury Publishing . James Griffiths. 2021. The great firewall of China: How to build and control an alternative version of the internet. Bloomsbury Publishing."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_9_1","unstructured":"IP2Location. n.d. IP2Location IP Address Geolocation Database. https:\/\/www.ip2location.com\/database\/ip2location\/. Accessed: 2022-05.  IP2Location. n.d. IP2Location IP Address Geolocation Database. https:\/\/www.ip2location.com\/database\/ip2location\/. Accessed: 2022-05."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19331681.2022.2037118"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_11_1","first-page":"2022","article-title":"Google Cloud to stop accepting new customers in Russia. https:\/\/www.msn.com\/en-us\/news\/politics\/google-cloud-to-stop-accepting-new-customers-in-russia\/ar-AAUTGK4. msn (2022)","author":"Klar Rebecca","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rebecca Klar . 2022 . Google Cloud to stop accepting new customers in Russia. https:\/\/www.msn.com\/en-us\/news\/politics\/google-cloud-to-stop-accepting-new-customers-in-russia\/ar-AAUTGK4. msn (2022) . Accessed : 2022 - 2005 . Rebecca Klar. 2022. Google Cloud to stop accepting new customers in Russia. https:\/\/www.msn.com\/en-us\/news\/politics\/google-cloud-to-stop-accepting-new-customers-in-russia\/ar-AAUTGK4. msn (2022). Accessed: 2022-05.","journal-title":"Accessed"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_12_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 21st ACM Internet Measurement Conference (Virtual Event) (IMC '21)","author":"Liu Enze","unstructured":"Enze Liu , Gautam Akiwate , Mattijs Jonker , Ariana Mirian , Stefan Savage , and Geoffrey M. Voelker . 2021. Who's Got Your Mail? Characterizing Mail Service Provider Usage . In Proceedings of the 21st ACM Internet Measurement Conference (Virtual Event) (IMC '21) . Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 122--136. Enze Liu, Gautam Akiwate, Mattijs Jonker, Ariana Mirian, Stefan Savage, and Geoffrey M. Voelker. 2021. Who's Got Your Mail? Characterizing Mail Service Provider Usage. In Proceedings of the 21st ACM Internet Measurement Conference (Virtual Event) (IMC '21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 122--136."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_13_1","first-page":"2022","article-title":"Amazon, Microsoft and Google Have Suspended Cloud Sales in Russia. https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2022\/03\/10\/amazon-microsoft-and-google-have-suspended-cloud-sales-in-russia. TechCrunch (2022)","author":"Miller Ron","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ron Miller . 2022 . Amazon, Microsoft and Google Have Suspended Cloud Sales in Russia. https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2022\/03\/10\/amazon-microsoft-and-google-have-suspended-cloud-sales-in-russia. TechCrunch (2022) . Accessed : 2022 - 2005 . Ron Miller. 2022. Amazon, Microsoft and Google Have Suspended Cloud Sales in Russia. https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2022\/03\/10\/amazon-microsoft-and-google-have-suspended-cloud-sales-in-russia. TechCrunch (2022). Accessed: 2022-05.","journal-title":"Accessed"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clsr.2020.105512"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_15_1","first-page":"2022","article-title":"Now Sedo Pulls the Plug on Russians. https:\/\/domainincite.com\/27630-now-sedo-pulls-the-plug-on-russians. Domain Incite (2022)","author":"Murphy Kevin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kevin Murphy . 2022 . Now Sedo Pulls the Plug on Russians. https:\/\/domainincite.com\/27630-now-sedo-pulls-the-plug-on-russians. Domain Incite (2022) . Accessed : 2022 - 2005 . Kevin Murphy. 2022. Now Sedo Pulls the Plug on Russians. https:\/\/domainincite.com\/27630-now-sedo-pulls-the-plug-on-russians. Domain Incite (2022). Accessed: 2022-05.","journal-title":"Accessed"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_16_1","first-page":"2022","article-title":"Almost 1,000 Companies Have Curtailed Operations in Russia --- But Some Remain. https:\/\/som.yale.edu\/story\/2022\/almost-1000-companies-have-curtailed-operations-russia-some-remain","author":"Management Yale School","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yale School of Management . 2022 . Almost 1,000 Companies Have Curtailed Operations in Russia --- But Some Remain. https:\/\/som.yale.edu\/story\/2022\/almost-1000-companies-have-curtailed-operations-russia-some-remain . Accessed : 2022 - 2005 . Yale School of Management. 2022. Almost 1,000 Companies Have Curtailed Operations in Russia --- But Some Remain. https:\/\/som.yale.edu\/story\/2022\/almost-1000-companies-have-curtailed-operations-russia-some-remain. Accessed: 2022-05.","journal-title":"Accessed"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_17_1","unstructured":"US Department of Treasury. 2022. Specially Designated Nationals And Blocked Persons List (SDN) Human Readable Lists. https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/financial-sanctions\/specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-list-sdn-human-readable-lists. Accessed April 14th.  US Department of Treasury. 2022. Specially Designated Nationals And Blocked Persons List (SDN) Human Readable Lists. https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/financial-sanctions\/specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-list-sdn-human-readable-lists. Accessed April 14th."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_18_1","first-page":"2022","article-title":"Steps We've Taken Around Cloudflare's Services in Ukraine, Belarus and Russia. https:\/\/blog.cloudflare.com\/steps-taken-around-cloudflares-services-in-ukraine-belarus-and-russia\/","author":"Prince Matthew","year":"2022","unstructured":"Matthew Prince . 2022 . Steps We've Taken Around Cloudflare's Services in Ukraine, Belarus and Russia. https:\/\/blog.cloudflare.com\/steps-taken-around-cloudflares-services-in-ukraine-belarus-and-russia\/ . Accessed : 2022 - 2005 . Matthew Prince. 2022. Steps We've Taken Around Cloudflare's Services in Ukraine, Belarus and Russia. https:\/\/blog.cloudflare.com\/steps-taken-around-cloudflares-services-in-ukraine-belarus-and-russia\/. Accessed: 2022-05.","journal-title":"Accessed"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_19_1","volume-title":"Matthew Bernhard, Victor Ongkowijaya, Leonid Evdokimov, Anne Edmundson, Steven Sprecher, Muhammad Ikram, and Roya Ensafi.","author":"Ramesh Reethika","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reethika Ramesh , Ram Sundara Raman , Matthew Bernhard, Victor Ongkowijaya, Leonid Evdokimov, Anne Edmundson, Steven Sprecher, Muhammad Ikram, and Roya Ensafi. 2020 . Decentralized Control : A Case Study of Russia. In Network and Distributed System Security. The Internet Society . https:\/\/www.ndss-symposium.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/23098.pdf Reethika Ramesh, Ram Sundara Raman, Matthew Bernhard, Victor Ongkowijaya, Leonid Evdokimov, Anne Edmundson, Steven Sprecher, Muhammad Ikram, and Roya Ensafi. 2020. Decentralized Control: A Case Study of Russia. In Network and Distributed System Security. The Internet Society. https:\/\/www.ndss-symposium.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/23098.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_20_1","first-page":"2022","article-title":"U.S. firm Cogent cutting internet service to Russia. https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/technology\/us-firm-cogent-cutting-internet-service-russia-2022-03-04\/","year":"2022","unstructured":"Reuters. 2022 . U.S. firm Cogent cutting internet service to Russia. https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/technology\/us-firm-cogent-cutting-internet-service-russia-2022-03-04\/ . Accessed : 2022 - 2005 . Reuters. 2022. U.S. firm Cogent cutting internet service to Russia. https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/technology\/us-firm-cogent-cutting-internet-service-russia-2022-03-04\/. Accessed: 2022-05.","journal-title":"Accessed"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2016.2558918"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_22_1","volume-title":"Recommended SSL certificates. https:\/\/www.nic.ru\/en\/catalog\/ssl\/recommended-ssl. Accessed May 14th","author":"RU-Center","unstructured":"RU-Center . 2022. Recommended SSL certificates. https:\/\/www.nic.ru\/en\/catalog\/ssl\/recommended-ssl. Accessed May 14th . RU-Center. 2022. Recommended SSL certificates. https:\/\/www.nic.ru\/en\/catalog\/ssl\/recommended-ssl. Accessed May 14th."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_23_1","first-page":"2022","article-title":"Authorities Isolate Networks. https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/5249500. Kommersant (2022)","author":"Ti\u0161ina Julija","year":"2022","unstructured":"Julija Ti\u0161ina , Anastasija Gavriljuk , Venera Petrova , and Nikita Korolev . 2022 . Authorities Isolate Networks. https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/5249500. Kommersant (2022) . Accessed : 2022 - 2005 . Julija Ti\u0161ina, Anastasija Gavriljuk, Venera Petrova, and Nikita Korolev. 2022. Authorities Isolate Networks. https:\/\/www.kommersant.ru\/doc\/5249500. Kommersant (2022). Accessed: 2022-05.","journal-title":"Accessed"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_24_1","unstructured":"Department Of The Treasury. 2022. GENERAL LICENSE NO. 25 Authorizing Transactions Related to Telecommunications and Certain Internet-Based Communications. https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/126\/russia_gl25.pdf.  Department Of The Treasury. 2022. GENERAL LICENSE NO. 25 Authorizing Transactions Related to Telecommunications and Certain Internet-Based Communications. https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/126\/russia_gl25.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10708-010-9393-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_26_1","volume-title":"Hosting Industry Centralization and Consolidation. In NOMS 2022-2022 IEEE\/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium. IEEE, 1--9.","author":"Zembruzki Luciano","unstructured":"Luciano Zembruzki , Raffaele Sommese , Lisandro Zambenedetti Granville , Arthur Selle Jacobs , Mattijs Jonker , and Giovane C. M. Moura . 2022 . Hosting Industry Centralization and Consolidation. In NOMS 2022-2022 IEEE\/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium. IEEE, 1--9. Luciano Zembruzki, Raffaele Sommese, Lisandro Zambenedetti Granville, Arthur Selle Jacobs, Mattijs Jonker, and Giovane C. M. Moura. 2022. Hosting Industry Centralization and Consolidation. In NOMS 2022-2022 IEEE\/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium. IEEE, 1--9."}],"event":{"name":"IMC '22: ACM Internet Measurement Conference","location":"Nice France","acronym":"IMC '22","sponsor":["SIGMETRICS ACM Special Interest Group on Measurement and Evaluation","SIGCOMM ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication","USENIX Assoc USENIX Assoc"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Internet Measurement Conference"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3517745.3561423","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3517745.3561423","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T17:49:16Z","timestamp":1750182556000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3517745.3561423"}},"subtitle":["assessing the impact of conflict on russian domain infrastructure"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3517745.3561423","10.1145\/3517745"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3517745.3561423","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-10-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}