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This rise in popularity is thanks in part to the functionalities offered by commercially available vision libraries such as ARCore, Vuforia, and Google\u2019s ML Kit; however, these libraries also give rise to the possibility of a\n            <jats:italic>hidden operations threat<\/jats:italic>\n            , that is, the ability of a malicious or incompetent application developer to conduct additional vision operations behind the scenes of an otherwise honest AR application without alerting the end-user. In this article, we present the privacy risks associated with the hidden operations threat and propose a framework for application development and runtime permissions targeted specifically at preventing the execution of hidden operations. We follow this with a set of experimental results, exploring the feasibility and utility of our system in differentiating between user-expectation-compliant and non-compliant AR applications during runtime testing, for which preliminary results demonstrate accuracy of up to 71%. We conclude with a discussion of open problems in the areas of software testing and privacy standards in mobile AR systems.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3524020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T18:01:10Z","timestamp":1647626470000},"page":"1-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Hidden in Plain Sight: Exploring Privacy Risks of Mobile Augmented Reality Applications"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9466-0688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Lehman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Temple University, Philadelphia PA, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abrar S.","family":"Alrumayh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Temple University, Philadelphia PA, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kunal","family":"Kolhe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haibin","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiu C.","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Temple University, Philadelphia PA, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5121\/ijnsa.2015.7602"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11416-014-0226-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41133-019-0025-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2016.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3373625.3417003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","volume-title":"29th  \\( \\lbrace \\) USENIX \\( \\rbrace \\)  Security Symposium ( \\( \\lbrace \\) USENIX \\( \\rbrace \\)  Security 20)","author":"Akter Taslima","year":"2020","unstructured":"Taslima Akter, Bryan Dosono, Tousif Ahmed, Apu Kapadia, and Bryan Semaan. 2020. \u201cI am uncomfortable sharing what I can\u2019t see\u201d: Privacy concerns of the visually impaired with camera based assistive applications. 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