{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T19:23:37Z","timestamp":1776885817705,"version":"3.51.2"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":83,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3524842.3528448","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T00:08:36Z","timestamp":1666051716000},"page":"537-548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Do small code changes merge faster?"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Gunnar","family":"Kudrjavets","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nachiappan","family":"Nagappan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meta Platforms, Inc."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayushi","family":"Rastogi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"The Bonferonni and \u0160id\u00e1k Corrections for Multiple Comparisons. Encyclopedia of Measurement and Statistics 3 (01","author":"Abdi Herv\u00e9","year":"2007","unstructured":"Herv\u00e9 Abdi . 2007. The Bonferonni and \u0160id\u00e1k Corrections for Multiple Comparisons. Encyclopedia of Measurement and Statistics 3 (01 2007 ), 103--107. Herv\u00e9 Abdi. 2007. The Bonferonni and \u0160id\u00e1k Corrections for Multiple Comparisons. Encyclopedia of Measurement and Statistics 3 (01 2007), 103--107."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjem.2018.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPC.2008.24"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Archive GH","year":"2021","unstructured":"GH Archive . 2021 . GH Archive Project . Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/www.gharchive.org\/ GH Archive. 2021. GH Archive Project. Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/www.gharchive.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"American Psychological Association","year":"2020","unstructured":"American Psychological Association . 2020 . Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition (2020) . Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/products\/publication-manual-7th-edition American Psychological Association. 2020. Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition (2020). Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/products\/publication-manual-7th-edition"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2013.6606617"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2015.35"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.4710300725"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCRE.2013.6671287"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-015-9366-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1983.10487840"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1013699998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSME.2016.31"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2652524.2652544"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSR.2007.14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chromium. 2021 . Contributing to Chromium . Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/chromium.googlesource.com\/chromium\/src\/+\/HEAD\/docs\/contributing.md#Creating-a-change Chromium. 2021. Contributing to Chromium. Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/chromium.googlesource.com\/chromium\/src\/+\/HEAD\/docs\/contributing.md#Creating-a-change"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Crawling Code Review Data From Phabricator. Master's thesis","author":"Cotet Dumitru","unstructured":"Dumitru Cotet . 2019. Crawling Code Review Data From Phabricator. Master's thesis . Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg . Dumitru Cotet. 2019. Crawling Code Review Data From Phabricator. Master's thesis. Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Cotet Dumitru","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dumitru Cotet . 2021 . Phabry . Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/github.com\/dimonco\/Phabry Dumitru Cotet. 2021. Phabry. Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/github.com\/dimonco\/Phabry"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10260-010-0142-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Dickey Thomas E.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thomas E. Dickey . 2021 . diffstat manual . Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/invisible-island.net\/diffstat\/diffstat.html Thomas E. Dickey. 2021. diffstat manual. Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/invisible-island.net\/diffstat\/diffstat.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1961.10482090"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1964.10490181"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2013.25"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2786805.2786870"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gerrit. 2021 . Gerrit's History | Gerrit Code Review . Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/www.gerritcodereview.com\/about.html Gerrit. 2021. Gerrit's History | Gerrit Code Review. Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/www.gerritcodereview.com\/about.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","year":"2016","unstructured":"GitHub. 2016 . A Whole New Github Universe: Announcing New Tools, Forums, and Features . Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/github.blog\/2016-09-14-a-whole-new-github-universe-announcing-new-tools-forums-and-features\/ GitHub. 2016. A Whole New Github Universe: Announcing New Tools, Forums, and Features. Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/github.blog\/2016-09-14-a-whole-new-github-universe-announcing-new-tools-forums-and-features\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","year":"2021","unstructured":"GitHub. 2021 . GitHub REST API Documentation . Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/docs.github.com\/en\/rest GitHub. 2021. GitHub REST API Documentation. Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/docs.github.com\/en\/rest"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","year":"2021","unstructured":"GitHub. 2021 . Octokit --- GitHub API Client Library for .NET . Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/github.com\/octokit\/octokit.net GitHub. 2021. Octokit --- GitHub API Client Library for .NET. Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/github.com\/octokit\/octokit.net"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","year":"2021","unstructured":"GitHub. 2021 . The State of the Octoverse . Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/octoverse.github.com\/ GitHub. 2021. The State of the Octoverse. Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/octoverse.github.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","year":"2021","unstructured":"Google. 2021 . Small CLs . Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/google.github.io\/eng-practices\/review\/developer\/small-cls.html Google. 2021. Small CLs. Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/google.github.io\/eng-practices\/review\/developer\/small-cls.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSR.2013.6624034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2568225.2568260"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2597073.2597122"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2970276.2970358"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Hoaglin","author":"Iglewicz Boris","year":"1993","unstructured":"Boris Iglewicz and David C . Hoaglin . 1993 . How to detect and handle outliers. Number v. 16 in ASQC basic references in quality control. ASQC Quality Press , Milwaukee, Wis. Boris Iglewicz and David C. Hoaglin. 1993. How to detect and handle outliers. Number v. 16 in ASQC basic references in quality control. ASQC Quality Press, Milwaukee, Wis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3084226.3084247"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSR.2013.6624016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-015-9393-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2884781.2884840"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3183519.3183542"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1952.10483441"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ESEM.2017.7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","year":"2021","unstructured":"Linux. 2021 . Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Linux -stable Releases . Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/html\/v4.15\/process\/stable-kernel-rules.html Linux. 2021. Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Linux -stable Releases. Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/html\/v4.15\/process\/stable-kernel-rules.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","year":"2021","unstructured":"Linux. 2021 . Submitting Patches: The Essential Guide to Getting Your Code Into the Kernel - The Linux Kernel Documentation . Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/html\/v4.17\/process\/submitting-patches.html#split-changes Linux. 2021. Submitting Patches: The Essential Guide to Getting Your Code Into the Kernel - The Linux Kernel Documentation. Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/html\/v4.17\/process\/submitting-patches.html#split-changes"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"LLVM.","year":"2021","unstructured":"LLVM. 2021 . Contributing to LLVM - LLVM 12 Documentation . Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/llvm.org\/docs\/Contributing.html#format-patches LLVM. 2021. Contributing to LLVM - LLVM 12 Documentation. Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/llvm.org\/docs\/Contributing.html#format-patches"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2017.265100500"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177730491"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0043158"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.2946"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"A Guide to Appropriate Use of Correlation Coefficient in Medical Research. Malawi Medical Journal","volume":"24","author":"Mukaka MM","year":"2012","unstructured":"MM Mukaka . 2012 . A Guide to Appropriate Use of Correlation Coefficient in Medical Research. Malawi Medical Journal : The Journal of Medical Association of Malawi 24 , 3 (Sept. 2012), 69--71. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3576830\/ MM Mukaka. 2012. A Guide to Appropriate Use of Correlation Coefficient in Medical Research. Malawi Medical Journal : The Journal of Medical Association of Malawi 24, 3 (Sept. 2012), 69--71. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3576830\/","journal-title":"The Journal of Medical Association of Malawi"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2015.90"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","volume-title":"COCOMO II Forum","author":"Nguyen Vu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vu Nguyen , Sophia Deeds-rubin, Thomas Tan , and Barry Boehm . 2007. A SLOC Counting Standard . In COCOMO II Forum 2007 . Vu Nguyen, Sophia Deeds-rubin, Thomas Tan, and Barry Boehm. 2007. A SLOC Counting Standard. In COCOMO II Forum 2007."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"SSL.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Open SSL. 2021 . Small Code Change in OpenSSL . Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/github.com\/openssl\/openssl\/commit\/5b888e931b64a132a0cd33b24344dc6cdac74727 OpenSSL. 2021. Small Code Change in OpenSSL. Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/github.com\/openssl\/openssl\/commit\/5b888e931b64a132a0cd33b24344dc6cdac74727"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/QRS.2016.22"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3274404"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","year":"2021","unstructured":"Phabricator. 2021 . Phabricator Project History . Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/secure.phabricator.com\/book\/phabflavor\/article\/project_history\/ Phabricator. 2021. Phabricator Project History. Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/secure.phabricator.com\/book\/phabflavor\/article\/project_history\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","year":"2021","unstructured":"Phabricator. 2021 . Writing Reviewable Code . Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/secure.phabricator.com\/book\/phabflavor\/article\/writing_reviewable_code\/#many-small-commits Phabricator. 2021. Writing Reviewable Code. Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/secure.phabricator.com\/book\/phabflavor\/article\/writing_reviewable_code\/#many-small-commits"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3195836.3195858"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"SQL.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Postgre SQL. 2021 . Submitting a Patch - PostgreSQL Wiki . Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/wiki.postgresql.org\/wiki\/Submitting_a_Patch PostgreSQL. 2021. Submitting a Patch - PostgreSQL Wiki. Retrieved March 25, 2022 from https:\/\/wiki.postgresql.org\/wiki\/Submitting_a_Patch"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/2.876288"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2005.74"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3236024.3236080"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1408.4644"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2491411.2491444"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2594458"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2950290.2994157"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3183519.3183525"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2889160.2889223"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002864"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/52.3-4.591"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_71_1","volume-title":"Sj\u00f8berg","author":"Shull Forrest","year":"2008","unstructured":"Forrest Shull , Janice Singer , and Dag I. K . Sj\u00f8berg . 2008 . Guide to Advanced Empirical Software Engineering. Springer , London. Forrest Shull, Janice Singer, and Dag I. K. Sj\u00f8berg. 2008. Guide to Advanced Empirical Software Engineering. Springer, London."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1083142.1083147"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1412159"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSME.2014.49"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1009844119158"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2568225.2568315"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.4710230408"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1370750.1370767"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2901739.2903504"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSR.2015.42"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-016-5595-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3379597.3387489"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2017.8115619"}],"event":{"name":"MSR '22: 19th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories","location":"Pittsburgh Pennsylvania","acronym":"MSR '22","sponsor":["SIGSOFT ACM Special Interest Group on Software Engineering","IEEE CS"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3524842.3528448","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3524842.3528448","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T18:09:35Z","timestamp":1750183775000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3524842.3528448"}},"subtitle":["a multi-language empirical investigation"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]},"references-count":83,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3524842.3528448","10.1145\/3524842"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3524842.3528448","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-10-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}