{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T02:59:49Z","timestamp":1777604389027,"version":"3.51.4"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":56,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012774","name":"Innovationsfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8053-00147B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8053-00147B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3526113.3545624","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T16:37:41Z","timestamp":1666975061000},"page":"1-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Personalized Game Difficulty Prediction Using Factorization Machines"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Jeppe Theiss","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Design, IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Guckelsberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Finland"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Burelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Design, IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Perttu","family":"H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aalto University, Finland"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2012.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ashton Anderson Jon Kleinberg and Sendhil Mullainathan. 2017. Assessing human error against a benchmark of perfection. ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data (TKDD) 11 4(2017) 1\u201325.  Ashton Anderson Jon Kleinberg and Sendhil Mullainathan. 2017. Assessing human error against a benchmark of perfection. ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data (TKDD) 11 4(2017) 1\u201325.","DOI":"10.1145\/3046947"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IBCAST.2017.7868073"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2009.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Sara Bunian Alessandro Canossa Randy Colvin and Magy\u00a0Seif El-Nasr. 2017. Modeling individual differences in game behavior using HMM. (2017).  Sara Bunian Alessandro Canossa Randy Colvin and Magy\u00a0Seif El-Nasr. 2017. Modeling individual differences in game behavior using HMM. (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Why Engagement Matters: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives of User Engagement in Digital Media, Heather O\u2019Brien and Paul Cairns (Eds.)","author":"Cairns Paul","unstructured":"Paul Cairns . 2016. Engagement in Digital Games . In Why Engagement Matters: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives of User Engagement in Digital Media, Heather O\u2019Brien and Paul Cairns (Eds.) . Springer International Publishing , Cham , 81\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-27446-1_4 10.1007\/978-3-319-27446-1_4 Paul Cairns. 2016. Engagement in Digital Games. In Why Engagement Matters: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives of User Engagement in Digital Media, Heather O\u2019Brien and Paul Cairns (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 81\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-27446-1_4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11774303_17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1232743.1232769"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Recommender Systems for Online Video Game Platforms: the Case of STEAM. In Companion Proceedings of The 2019 World Wide Web Conference. ACM, San Francisco USA, 763\u2013771","author":"Cheuque Germ\u00e1n","year":"2019","unstructured":"Germ\u00e1n Cheuque , Jos\u00e9 Guzm\u00e1n , and Denis Parra . 2019 . Recommender Systems for Online Video Game Platforms: the Case of STEAM. In Companion Proceedings of The 2019 World Wide Web Conference. ACM, San Francisco USA, 763\u2013771 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3308560.3316457 10.1145\/3308560.3316457 Germ\u00e1n Cheuque, Jos\u00e9 Guzm\u00e1n, and Denis Parra. 2019. Recommender Systems for Online Video Game Platforms: the Case of STEAM. In Companion Proceedings of The 2019 World Wide Web Conference. ACM, San Francisco USA, 763\u2013771. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3308560.3316457"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. Vol.\u00a01990","author":"Csikszentmihalyi Mihaly","year":"1990","unstructured":"Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi and Mihaly Csikzentmihaly . 1990 . Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. Vol.\u00a01990 . Harper & Row New York . Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi and Mihaly Csikzentmihaly. 1990. Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. Vol.\u00a01990. Harper & Row New York."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2019.102383"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3027063.3053209"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"Anders Drachen Eric\u00a0Thurston Lundquist Yungjen Kung Pranav Rao Rafet Sifa Julian Runge and Diego Klabjan. 2016. Rapid prediction of player retention in free-to-play mobile games. (2016).  Anders Drachen Eric\u00a0Thurston Lundquist Yungjen Kung Pranav Rao Rafet Sifa Julian Runge and Diego Klabjan. 2016. Rapid prediction of player retention in free-to-play mobile games. (2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3474656"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Most of the Time, It Works Every Time: Limitations in Refining Domain Models with Learning Curves","volume":"10","author":"Goldin Ilya","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ilya Goldin , April Galyardt , 2018 . Most of the Time, It Works Every Time: Limitations in Refining Domain Models with Learning Curves . Journal of Educational Data Mining 10 , 2 (2018), 55 \u2013 92 . Ilya Goldin, April Galyardt, 2018. Most of the Time, It Works Every Time: Limitations in Refining Domain Models with Learning Curves. Journal of Educational Data Mining 10, 2 (2018), 55\u201392.","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Data Mining"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Fast Game Content Adaptation Through Bayesian-based Player Modelling. In 2021 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG). 01\u201308","author":"Gonzalez-Duque Miguel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Miguel Gonzalez-Duque , Rasmus\u00a0Berg Palm , and Sebastian Risi . 2021 . Fast Game Content Adaptation Through Bayesian-based Player Modelling. In 2021 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG). 01\u201308 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CoG52621.2021.9619018 10.1109\/CoG52621.2021.9619018 Miguel Gonzalez-Duque, Rasmus\u00a0Berg Palm, and Sebastian Risi. 2021. Fast Game Content Adaptation Through Bayesian-based Player Modelling. In 2021 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG). 01\u201308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CoG52621.2021.9619018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CoG47356.2020.9231548"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CIG.2018.8490442"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2793107.2793128"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v33i01.33013804"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1814256.1814267"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CIG.2019.8848003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","first-page":"2325","volume-title":"Combining Sequential and Aggregated Data for Churn Prediction in Casual Freemium Games. In 2019 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG). 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10","author":"Kristensen Jeppe\u00a0Theiss","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jeppe\u00a0Theiss Kristensen and Paolo Burelli . 2019 . Combining Sequential and Aggregated Data for Churn Prediction in Casual Freemium Games. In 2019 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG). 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10 .1109\/CIG.2019.8848106 ISSN: 2325 - 4289 . 10.1109\/CIG.2019.8848106 Jeppe\u00a0Theiss Kristensen and Paolo Burelli. 2019. Combining Sequential and Aggregated Data for Churn Prediction in Casual Freemium Games. In 2019 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG). 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CIG.2019.8848106 ISSN: 2325-4289."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Estimating Player Completion Rate in Mobile Puzzle Games Using Reinforcement Learning. In 2020 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG). 636\u2013639","author":"Kristensen Jeppe\u00a0Theiss","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jeppe\u00a0Theiss Kristensen , Arturo Valdivia , and Paolo Burelli . 2020 . Estimating Player Completion Rate in Mobile Puzzle Games Using Reinforcement Learning. In 2020 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG). 636\u2013639 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CoG47356.2020.9231581 10.1109\/CoG47356.2020.9231581 Jeppe\u00a0Theiss Kristensen, Arturo Valdivia, and Paolo Burelli. 2020. Estimating Player Completion Rate in Mobile Puzzle Games Using Reinforcement Learning. In 2020 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG). 636\u2013639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CoG47356.2020.9231581"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Statistical Modelling of Level Difficulty in Puzzle Games. In 2021 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG). IEEE, 1\u20138.","author":"Kristensen Jeppe\u00a0Theiss","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jeppe\u00a0Theiss Kristensen , Arturo Valdivia , and Paolo Burelli . 2021 . Statistical Modelling of Level Difficulty in Puzzle Games. In 2021 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG). IEEE, 1\u20138. Jeppe\u00a0Theiss Kristensen, Arturo Valdivia, and Paolo Burelli. 2021. Statistical Modelling of Level Difficulty in Puzzle Games. In 2021 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG). IEEE, 1\u20138."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Proc. Game Developers Conference 2004","author":"Lazzaro R","year":"2004","unstructured":"R Lazzaro . 2004 . Why we play games: 4 keys to more emotion . Proc. Game Developers Conference 2004 . https:\/\/cir.nii.ac.jp\/crid\/1572543025651858816 R Lazzaro. 2004. Why we play games: 4 keys to more emotion. Proc. Game Developers Conference 2004. https:\/\/cir.nii.ac.jp\/crid\/1572543025651858816"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3447548.3467277"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2658537.2658695"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"The Twenty-Ninth International Flairs Conference.","author":"Lora Diana","year":"2016","unstructured":"Diana Lora , Antonio\u00a0 A S\u00e1nchez-Ruiz , Pedro\u00a0 A Gonz\u00e1lez-Calero , and Marco\u00a0 A G\u00f3mez-Mart\u00edn . 2016 . Dynamic difficulty adjustment in tetris . In The Twenty-Ninth International Flairs Conference. Diana Lora, Antonio\u00a0A S\u00e1nchez-Ruiz, Pedro\u00a0A Gonz\u00e1lez-Calero, and Marco\u00a0A G\u00f3mez-Mart\u00edn. 2016. Dynamic difficulty adjustment in tetris. In The Twenty-Ninth International Flairs Conference."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITW.2010.5593355"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3379350.3418578"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2663806.2663832"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CoG52621.2021.9619162"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1953048.2078195"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376423"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christopher Power Paul Cairns Alena Denisova Themis Papaioannou and Ruth Gultom. 2019. Lost at the edge of uncertainty: Measuring player uncertainty in digital games. International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction 35 12(2019) 1033\u20131045.  Christopher Power Paul Cairns Alena Denisova Themis Papaioannou and Ruth Gultom. 2019. Lost at the edge of uncertainty: Measuring player uncertainty in digital games. International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction 35 12(2019) 1033\u20131045.","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2018.1507161"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3474703"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"Grade Prediction with Neural Collaborative Filtering. In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (DSAA). 1\u201310","author":"Ren Zhiyun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhiyun Ren , Xia Ning , Andrew\u00a0 S. Lan , and Huzefa Rangwala . 2019 . Grade Prediction with Neural Collaborative Filtering. In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (DSAA). 1\u201310 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/DSAA.2019.00014 10.1109\/DSAA.2019.00014 Zhiyun Ren, Xia Ning, Andrew\u00a0S. Lan, and Huzefa Rangwala. 2019. Grade Prediction with Neural Collaborative Filtering. In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (DSAA). 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/DSAA.2019.00014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2010.127"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2168752.2168771"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/2535573.2488340"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2009916.2010002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3474658"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3410404.3414235"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11031-006-9051-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, Vol.\u00a013","author":"Sarkar Anurag","year":"2017","unstructured":"Anurag Sarkar and Seth Cooper . 2017 . Level difficulty and player skill prediction in human computation games . In Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, Vol.\u00a013 . 228\u2013233. Anurag Sarkar and Seth Cooper. 2017. Level difficulty and player skill prediction in human computation games. In Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, Vol.\u00a013. 228\u2013233."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SBGames.2015.16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","volume-title":"Next-Term Student Performance Prediction: A Recommender Systems Approach. arXiv:1604.01840 [cs] (Sept","author":"Sweeney Mack","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mack Sweeney , Huzefa Rangwala , Jaime Lester , and Aditya Johri . 2016. Next-Term Student Performance Prediction: A Recommender Systems Approach. arXiv:1604.01840 [cs] (Sept . 2016 ). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.3554603 arXiv:1604.01840. 10.5281\/zenodo.3554603 Mack Sweeney, Huzefa Rangwala, Jaime Lester, and Aditya Johri. 2016. Next-Term Student Performance Prediction: A Recommender Systems Approach. arXiv:1604.01840 [cs] (Sept. 2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.3554603 arXiv:1604.01840."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1077246.1077253"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376723"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CIG.2015.7317913"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","volume-title":"Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment in Digital Games Using Genetic Algorithms. In 2020 19th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Games and Digital Entertainment (SBGames). IEEE, 62\u201370","author":"Weber Matheus","year":"2020","unstructured":"Matheus Weber and Pollyana Notargiacomo . 2020 . Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment in Digital Games Using Genetic Algorithms. In 2020 19th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Games and Digital Entertainment (SBGames). IEEE, 62\u201370 . Matheus Weber and Pollyana Notargiacomo. 2020. Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment in Digital Games Using Genetic Algorithms. In 2020 19th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Games and Digital Entertainment (SBGames). IEEE, 62\u201370."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2843043.2843478"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","volume-title":"The eighty five percent rule for optimal learning. Nature communications 10, 1","author":"Wilson C","year":"2019","unstructured":"Robert\u00a0 C Wilson , Amitai Shenhav , Mark Straccia , and Jonathan\u00a0 D Cohen . 2019. The eighty five percent rule for optimal learning. Nature communications 10, 1 ( 2019 ), 1\u20139. Robert\u00a0C Wilson, Amitai Shenhav, Mark Straccia, and Jonathan\u00a0D Cohen. 2019. The eighty five percent rule for optimal learning. Nature communications 10, 1 (2019), 1\u20139."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3041021.3054170"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2538528.2538534"}],"event":{"name":"UIST '22: The 35th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology","location":"Bend OR USA","acronym":"UIST '22","sponsor":["SIGGRAPH ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques","SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 35th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3526113.3545624","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3526113.3545624","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T19:00:23Z","timestamp":1750186823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3526113.3545624"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3526113.3545624","10.1145\/3526113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3526113.3545624","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-10-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}