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In this article, we discuss the recent advancements in GANs, particularly in the medical field. First, the different medical imaging modalities and the principal theory of GANs were analyzed and summarized, after which, the evaluation metrics and training issues were determined. Third, the extension models of GANs were classified and introduced one-by-one. Fourth, the applications of GAN in medical images including cross-modality, augmentation, detection, classification, and reconstruction were illustrated. Finally, the problems we needed to resolve and future directions were discussed. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the GAN, simplify the GAN\u2019s basics, and present the most successful applications in different scenarios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3527849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T12:01:16Z","timestamp":1648728076000},"page":"1-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["The Role of Generative Adversarial Network in Medical Image Analysis: An In-depth Survey"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Manal","family":"Alamir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Umm Al-QuraUniversity, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7895-6999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manal","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Umm Al-QuraUniversity, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.113922"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-32778-1_8","volume-title":"International Workshop on Simulation and Synthesis in Medical Imaging","author":"Abhishek Kumar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kumar Abhishek and Ghassan Hamarneh. 2019. 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