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Consequently, the transferability of results to dynamic sports applications remains unclear. To address this research gap, we conducted a virtual reality-based stress test consisting of a football goalkeeping scenario. We contribute by proposing a stress classification pipeline solely relying on gaze behaviour and pupil diameter metrics extracted from the recorded data. To optimize the analysis pipeline, we applied feature selection and compared the performance of different classification methods. Results show that the Random Forest classifier achieves the best performance with 87.3% accuracy, comparable to state-of-the-art approaches fusing eye tracking data and additional biosignals. Moreover, our approach outperforms existing methods exclusively relying on eye measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3530796","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T16:16:15Z","timestamp":1652804175000},"page":"1-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Eye Tracking-Based Stress Classification of Athletes in Virtual Reality"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Maike","family":"Stoeve","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Machine Learning und Data Analytics Lab, Department of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering (AIBE), Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Wirth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Machine Learning und Data Analytics Lab, Department of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering (AIBE), Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Rosanna","family":"Farlock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"adidas AG, Herzogenaurach, Germany"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Antunovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"adidas AG, Herzogenaurach, Germany"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Machine Learning und Data Analytics Lab, Department of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering (AIBE), Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Bjoern M.","family":"Eskofier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Machine Learning und Data Analytics Lab, Department of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering (AIBE), Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2016.1220069"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2010.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.13052"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-020-00255-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Nieuw Amerongen","author":"Bosch Jos A.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jos A. 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