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Process."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Neural machine translation has achieved remarkable progress over the past several years; however, little attention has been paid to machine translation (MT) between Japanese and Chinese, which share a large proportion of cognate words that can be utilized as additional linguistic knowledge to enhance translation performance. In this article, we seek to strengthen the semantic correlation between Japanese and Chinese by leveraging cognate words that share common Chinese characters. Specifically, we experiment with three strategies: (1) a shared vocabulary with cognate lexicon induction, which models the commonality between source and target cognates; (2) a shared private representation with a dynamic gating mechanism, which models the language-specific features on the source side; and (3) an embedding shortcut, which enables the decoder to access the shared private representation with shortest distance and aids the training process. The experiments and analysis presented in this article demonstrate that our proposed approaches can significantly improve the performance of both Japanese-to-Chinese and Chinese-to-Japanese translations and verify the effectiveness of exploiting Japanese\u2013Chinese cognates for MT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3533429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T11:54:10Z","timestamp":1651751650000},"page":"1-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploiting Japanese\u2013Chinese Cognates with Shared Private Representations for NMT"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2257-178X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zezhong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4860-9184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fuji","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9750-7032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8860-7805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Degen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0783-5487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piao","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR\u201915)","author":"Bahdanau Dzmitry","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dzmitry Bahdanau, Kyunghyun Cho, and Yoshua Bengio. 2015. 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