{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T12:52:38Z","timestamp":1776084758334,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]],"date-time":"2022-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003986","name":"Jacobs Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003986","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Social emotional skills are foundational competencies upon which children draw throughout their lives. This work investigates current, commercially available experiences for social emotional learning (SEL) through conversational agents (CAs). Specifically, we reviewed 3,767 Skills available in the \"Kids\" category of the Alexa Skills Marketplace and found 42 working Skills with connections to SEL. We found that the most common scenarios these Skills sought to support were: active listening, emotional wellbeing, conversation with other people, and politeness. The interaction patterns used by these Skills distilled into a taxonomy of styles we labeled: The Delegator, The Lecturer, The Bulldozer, and The One-Track Mind. We found that, collectively, these Skills provide shallow experiences and lack contingent feedback. To examine the gap between current offerings and families' needs, we also conducted 26 interviews with parents to probe parents' ideas about CAs supporting children's SEL. Parents see potential for CAs to support children in four concrete ways, including attuning to others, cultivating curiosity, reinforcing politeness, and developing emotional awareness. Despite their optimism about these opportunities, parents expressed skepticism about CAs' impoverished conversational abilities and worry about CAs advancing values and behavioral norms that are at odds with their own.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3534622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T18:50:18Z","timestamp":1657219818000},"page":"1-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Social Emotional Learning with Conversational Agents"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, US"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Michelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human-Centered Design and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, US"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human-Centered Design and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, US"}]},{"given":"Lynn K.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, US"}]},{"given":"Tala June","family":"Tayebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, US"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Hiniker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, US"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Amazon. 2022. Alexa Skills. https:\/\/developer.amazon.com\/en-US\/alexa\/alexa-skills-kit Last accessed on 2022-04-25."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Amazon. 2022. Alexa Skills Kit SDKs. https:\/\/developer.amazon.com\/en-US\/docs\/alexa\/sdk\/alexa-skills-kit-sdks.html Last accessed on 2022-04-25."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3311927.3326596"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tops.12192"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"CASEL. 2020. CASEL'S SEL Framework. https:\/\/casel.org\/casel-sel-framework-11-2020\/ Last accessed on 2022-02-13."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445116"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2015.7333675"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2012.0179"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2011.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3078072.3084330"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2010.01564.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1633144100"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Academic and social-emotional learning","author":"Elias Maurice J","unstructured":"Maurice J Elias and Others. 2003. Academic and social-emotional learning. Vol. 11. International Academy of Education Brussels, Belgium."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Richard G Erskine. 1998. Attunement and involvement: Therapeutic responses to relational needs. 235--244 pages."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2207676.2208649"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Maria D Lozano, and Anil Fernando.","author":"Garcia-Garcia Jose Maria","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jose Maria Garcia-Garcia, Victor M R Penichet, Maria D Lozano, and Anil Fernando. 2021. Using emotion recognition technologies to teach children with autism spectrum disorder how to identify and express emotions. Universal Access in the Information Society (June 2021)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376631"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3429986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"The Science of Trust: Emotional Attunement for Couples","author":"Gottman John M","unstructured":"John M Gottman. 2011. The Science of Trust: Emotional Attunement for Couples. W. W. Norton & Company."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.162.12.1133"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2818048.2819940"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Jenny Radesky, Kiley Sobel, and Sungsoo Ray Hong.","author":"Hiniker Alexis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alexis Hiniker, Amelia Wang, Jonathan Tran, Mingrui Ray Zhang, Jenny Radesky, Kiley Sobel, and Sungsoo Ray Hong. 2021. Can conversational agents change the way children talk to people?. In Interaction Design and Children (Athens Greece). ACM, New York, NY, USA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Parent Reports of Children's Parasocial Relationships with Conversational Agents: Trusted Voices in Children's Lives","author":"Hoffman Anna Marie","unstructured":"Anna Marie Hoffman. 2021. Parent Reports of Children's Parasocial Relationships with Conversational Agents: Trusted Voices in Children's Lives. Georgetown University-Graduate School of Arts & Sciences, Communication, Culture & Technology."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Arvid Horned. 2020. Conversational agents in a family context: A qualitative study with children and parents investigating their interactions and worries regarding conversational agents. Ph. D. Dissertation."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-011-0383-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327051hci1901&2_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Interactive Technologies for Autism: A Review","author":"Kientz Julie A","unstructured":"Julie A Kientz, Matthew Goodwin, Gillian R Hayes, and Gregory D Abowd. 2013. Interactive Technologies for Autism: A Review. Morgan & Claypool Publishers."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i09.7061"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445488"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08838150802437396"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2771839.2771910"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3311927.3323150"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1414471.1414477"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2006-281"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2998181.2998218"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.6553"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17482798.2016.1203806"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3022227.3022298"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"Graphical Social Scenarios: Toward Intervention and Authoring for Adolescents with High Functioning Autism. In 2009 AAAI Fall Symposium Series.","author":"Riedl Mark","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mark Riedl, Rosa Arriaga, Fatima Boujarwah, Hwajung Hong, Jackie Isbell, and Juane Heflin. 2009. Graphical Social Scenarios: Toward Intervention and Authoring for Adolescents with High Functioning Autism. In 2009 AAAI Fall Symposium Series."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1514095.1514158"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hagit Sasson and Gustavo S Mesch. 2019. Parental Mediation. 6 pages.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118978238.ieml0177"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alex Sciuto Arnita Saini Jodi Forlizzi and Jason I Hong. 2018. \"Hey Alexa What's Up?\".","DOI":"10.1145\/3196709.3196772"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3171221.3171248"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3395035.3425223"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2744195"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2744195"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702385"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3274429"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","article-title":"Mediation of young children's digital technology use: The parents' perspective. Cyberpsychology","volume":"11","author":"Smahelova Martina","year":"2017","unstructured":"Martina Smahelova, Dana Juhov\u00e1, Ivo Cermak, and David Smahel. 2017. Mediation of young children's digital technology use: The parents' perspective. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace 11, 3 (2017).","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3078072.3079746"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Children teach a care-receiving robot to promote their learning: field experiments in a classroom for vocabulary learning","volume":"1","author":"Tanaka Fumihide","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fumihide Tanaka and Shizuko Matsuzoe. 2012. Children teach a care-receiving robot to promote their learning: field experiments in a classroom for vocabulary learning. J. Hum.-Robot Interact. 1, 1 (July 2012), 78--95.","journal-title":"J. Hum.-Robot Interact."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182151"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanaka2016-tu Hiroki Tanaka Sakti Sakriani Graham Neubig Tomoki Toda Hideki Negoro Hidemi Iwasaka and Satoshi Nakamura. [n. d.]. Teaching Social Communication Skills Through Human-Agent Interaction. ([n. d.]).","DOI":"10.1145\/2937757"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-020-04592-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1864349.1864359"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077800410383121"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wayne Ward Ron Cole Daniel Bola\u00f1os Cindy Buchenroth-Martin Edward Svirsky and Tim Weston. 2013. My science tutor: A conversational multimedia virtual tutor. 1115--1125 pages.","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031589"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","volume-title":"Cognitive Technology: Instruments of Mind","author":"Werry Iain","unstructured":"Iain Werry, Kerstin Dautenhahn, Bernard Ogden, and William Harwin. 2001. Can Social Interaction Skills Be Taught by a Social Agent? The Role of a Robotic Mediator in Autism Therapy. In Cognitive Technology: Instruments of Mind. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 57--74."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290607.3299035"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","unstructured":"Joseph E Zins. 2004. Building Academic Success on Social and Emotional Learning: What Does the Research Say? Teachers College Press."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3534622","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3534622","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T04:33:22Z","timestamp":1752467602000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3534622"}},"subtitle":["Reviewing Current Designs and Probing Parents' Ideas for Future Ones"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3534622"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3534622","relation":{},"ISSN":["2474-9567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2474-9567","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-07-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}