{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T21:02:09Z","timestamp":1776114129563,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":64,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"UKRI GCRF Digital Innovation for Development in Africa (DIDA)","award":["EP\/T030429\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/T030429\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3536169.3537786","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T13:06:24Z","timestamp":1657631184000},"page":"120-132","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Community-based Co-design across Geographic Locations and Cultures: Methodological Lessons from Co-design Workshops in South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Sarina","family":"Till","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science, IIE\/UCT, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Jaydon","family":"Farao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cape Town, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Toshka Lauren","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cape Town, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Londiwe Deborah","family":"Shandu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Nonkululeko","family":"Khuzwayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Livhuwani","family":"Muthelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Limpopo, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Masenyani Oupa","family":"Mbombi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Limpopo, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Mamare","family":"Bopane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Limpopo, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Molebogeng","family":"Motlhatlhedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Witswatersbrand, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Gugulethu","family":"Mabena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Witswatersbrand, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Alastair","family":"Van Heerden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Tebogo Maria","family":"Mothiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Limpopo, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Shane","family":"Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Witswatersbrand, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Nervo","family":"Verdezoto Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cardiff, UK"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Densmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cape Town, South Africa"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3357236.3395516"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Designing Visual Cards for Digital Mental Health Research with Ethnic Minorities. In Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2021","author":"Ayobi Amid","year":"2021","unstructured":"Amid Ayobi , Annali Grimes , Sue Mackinnon , Ewan Soubutts , Rachel Eardley , Zoe Banks\u00a0Gross , Rachael Gooberman-Hill , and Aisling\u00a0Ann O\u2019Kane . 2021 . Designing Visual Cards for Digital Mental Health Research with Ethnic Minorities. In Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2021 ( Virtual Event, USA) (DIS \u201921). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 942\u2013954. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3461778.346 2085 Amid Ayobi, Annali Grimes, Sue Mackinnon, Ewan Soubutts, Rachel Eardley, Zoe Banks\u00a0Gross, Rachael Gooberman-Hill, and Aisling\u00a0Ann O\u2019Kane. 2021. Designing Visual Cards for Digital Mental Health Research with Ethnic Minorities. In Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2021 (Virtual Event, USA) (DIS \u201921). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 942\u2013954. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3461778.3462085"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Practices and Experiences Interacting with Pregnancy Care Infrastructures in South India. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"Bagalkot Naveen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Naveen Bagalkot , Syeda\u00a0Zainab Akbar , Swati Sharma , Nicola Mackintosh , Deirdre Harrington , Paula Griffiths , Judith\u00a0Angelitta Noronha , and Nervo Verdezoto . 2022 . Embodied Negotiations , Practices and Experiences Interacting with Pregnancy Care Infrastructures in South India. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems ( New Orleans, LA, USA) (CHI \u201922). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 286, 21\u00a0pages. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3491102.350 1950 Naveen Bagalkot, Syeda\u00a0Zainab Akbar, Swati Sharma, Nicola Mackintosh, Deirdre Harrington, Paula Griffiths, Judith\u00a0Angelitta Noronha, and Nervo Verdezoto. 2022. Embodied Negotiations, Practices and Experiences Interacting with Pregnancy Care Infrastructures in South India. In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (New Orleans, LA, USA) (CHI \u201922). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 286, 21\u00a0pages. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3491102.3501950"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3419249.3420126"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753521"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/s41271-016-0015-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"New challenges for design participation in the era of ubiquitous computing","volume":"4","author":"Brereton Margot","year":"2008","unstructured":"Margot Brereton and Jacob Buur . 2008 . New challenges for design participation in the era of ubiquitous computing . Co-Design 4 , 2 (2008), 101 \u2013 113 . Margot Brereton and Jacob Buur. 2008. New challenges for design participation in the era of ubiquitous computing. Co-Design 4, 2 (2008), 101\u2013113.","journal-title":"Co-Design"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2005.204"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1229039"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Design thinking: Get started with prototyping","author":"Dam Rikke\u00a0Friss","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rikke\u00a0Friss Dam and Teo\u00a0Yu Siang . 2020. Design thinking: Get started with prototyping . Interaction Design Foundation( 2020 ). Rikke\u00a0Friss Dam and Teo\u00a0Yu Siang. 2020. Design thinking: Get started with prototyping. Interaction Design Foundation(2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Australian Special Interest Group for Computer Human Interaction (Parkville, VIC, Australia) (OzCHI \u201915)","author":"Davis Hilary","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hilary Davis and Jenny Waycott . 2015 . Ethical Encounters: HCI Research in Sensitive and Complex Settings . In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Australian Special Interest Group for Computer Human Interaction (Parkville, VIC, Australia) (OzCHI \u201915) . Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 667\u2013669. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2838739.2838834 Hilary Davis and Jenny Waycott. 2015. Ethical Encounters: HCI Research in Sensitive and Complex Settings. In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Australian Special Interest Group for Computer Human Interaction (Parkville, VIC, Australia) (OzCHI \u201915). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 667\u2013669. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2838739.2838834"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andy Dearden and Dorothea Kleine. 2018. Minimum ethical standards for ICTD\/ICT4D research. (2018).  Andy Dearden and Dorothea Kleine. 2018. Minimum ethical standards for ICTD\/ICT4D research. (2018).","DOI":"10.1145\/3287098.3287134"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2661435.2661440"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858460"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2752\/175630615X14212498964312"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"The subject and power. Critical inquiry 8, 4","author":"Foucault Michel","year":"1982","unstructured":"Michel Foucault . 1982. The subject and power. Critical inquiry 8, 4 ( 1982 ), 777\u2013795. Michel Foucault. 1982. The subject and power. Critical inquiry 8, 4 (1982), 777\u2013795."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"Between tradition and the requirements of modern life: Hlonipha in southern Bantu societies, with special reference to Lesotho","volume":"3","author":"Frandrych Ingrid","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ingrid Frandrych . 2012 . Between tradition and the requirements of modern life: Hlonipha in southern Bantu societies, with special reference to Lesotho . Journal of Languages and Culture 3 , 4 (2012), 67 \u2013 73 . Ingrid Frandrych. 2012. Between tradition and the requirements of modern life: Hlonipha in southern Bantu societies, with special reference to Lesotho. Journal of Languages and Culture 3, 4 (2012), 67\u201373.","journal-title":"Journal of Languages and Culture"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3210604.3210629"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2470700"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","first-page":"62","article-title":"Scandinavian approaches to participatory design","volume":"19","author":"Gregory Judith","year":"2003","unstructured":"Judith Gregory . 2003 . Scandinavian approaches to participatory design . International Journal of Engineering Education 19 , 1 (2003), 62 \u2013 74 . Judith Gregory. 2003. Scandinavian approaches to participatory design. International Journal of Engineering Education 19, 1 (2003), 62\u201374.","journal-title":"International Journal of Engineering Education"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3182\/20130811-5-US-2037.00043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2940299.2940308"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","unstructured":"Edward\u00a0Twitchell Hall. 1984. The Dance of Life: The Other Dimension of Time. Anchor.  Edward\u00a0Twitchell Hall. 1984. The Dance of Life: The Other Dimension of Time. Anchor."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"DS 93: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education (E&PDE 2018","author":"Haritaipan Lalita","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lalita Haritaipan , Miki Saijo , Celine Mougenot , 2018 . Leveraging creativity of design students with a magic-based inspiration tool . In DS 93: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education (E&PDE 2018 ), Dyson School of Engineering, Imperial College, London. 6th-7th September 2018. 265\u2013270. Lalita Haritaipan, Miki Saijo, Celine Mougenot, 2018. Leveraging creativity of design students with a magic-based inspiration tool. In DS 93: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education (E&PDE 2018), Dyson School of Engineering, Imperial College, London. 6th-7th September 2018. 265\u2013270."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359318"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2013.765761"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Isaac Holeman Edwin Blake Melissa Densmore Maletsabisa Molapo Fiona Ssozi Elizabeth Goodman Indrani Medhi\u00a0Thies and Susan Wyche. 2017. Co-Design Across Borders Special Interest Group. (2017) 1318\u20131321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3027063.3049288  Isaac Holeman Edwin Blake Melissa Densmore Maletsabisa Molapo Fiona Ssozi Elizabeth Goodman Indrani Medhi\u00a0Thies and Susan Wyche. 2017. Co-Design Across Borders Special Interest Group. (2017) 1318\u20131321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3027063.3049288","DOI":"10.1145\/3027063.3049288"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","article-title":"Participatory design with marginalized people in developing countries: Challenges and opportunities experienced in a field study in Cambodia","volume":"6","author":"Hussain Sofia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sofia Hussain , Elizabeth B-N Sanders , and Martin Steinert . 2012 . Participatory design with marginalized people in developing countries: Challenges and opportunities experienced in a field study in Cambodia . International Journal of Design 6 , 2 (2012). Sofia Hussain, Elizabeth B-N Sanders, and Martin Steinert. 2012. Participatory design with marginalized people in developing countries: Challenges and opportunities experienced in a field study in Cambodia. International Journal of Design 6, 2 (2012).","journal-title":"International Journal of Design"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753522"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3397159"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"CHI \u201999 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) (CHI EA \u201999)","author":"Lafreni\u00e8re Daniel","unstructured":"Daniel Lafreni\u00e8re , Tom Dayton , and Michael Muller . 1999. Variations of a Theme: Card-Based Techniques for Participatory Analysis and Design . In CHI \u201999 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) (CHI EA \u201999) . Association for Computing Machinery , New York, NY, USA , 151\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/632716.632807 Daniel Lafreni\u00e8re, Tom Dayton, and Michael Muller. 1999. Variations of a Theme: Card-Based Techniques for Participatory Analysis and Design. In CHI \u201999 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) (CHI EA \u201999). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 151\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/632716.632807"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing","author":"A.","unstructured":"Christopher\u00a0 A. Le\u00a0Dantec and Sarah Fox. 2015. Strangers at the Gate: Gaining Access, Building Rapport, and Co-Constructing Community-Based Research . In Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing ( Vancouver, BC, Canada) (CSCW \u201915). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1348\u20131358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2675133.2675147 Christopher\u00a0A. Le\u00a0Dantec and Sarah Fox. 2015. Strangers at the Gate: Gaining Access, Building Rapport, and Co-Constructing Community-Based Research. In Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing (Vancouver, BC, Canada) (CSCW \u201915). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1348\u20131358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2675133.2675147"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ancestral beliefs in modern cultural and religious practices - The case of the Bapedi tribe","volume":"75","author":"Lebaka Morakeng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Morakeng E.\u00a0K. Lebaka . 2019 . Ancestral beliefs in modern cultural and religious practices - The case of the Bapedi tribe . HTS Theological Studies 75 , 1 (2019), 1 \u2013 10 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/hts.v75i1.5173 Publisher: AOSIS Publishing. Morakeng E.\u00a0K. Lebaka. 2019. Ancestral beliefs in modern cultural and religious practices - The case of the Bapedi tribe. HTS Theological Studies 75, 1 (2019), 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/hts.v75i1.5173 Publisher: AOSIS Publishing.","journal-title":"HTS Theological Studies"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Collaboration in creative design","author":"Lucero Andr\u00e9s","unstructured":"Andr\u00e9s Lucero , Peter Dalsgaard , Kim Halskov , and Jacob Buur . 2016. Designing with cards . In Collaboration in creative design . Springer , 75\u201395. Andr\u00e9s Lucero, Peter Dalsgaard, Kim Halskov, and Jacob Buur. 2016. Designing with cards. In Collaboration in creative design. Springer, 75\u201395."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","unstructured":"Thobekile\u00a0Patience Luthuli. 2007. Assessing politeness language and gender in hlonipha.Ph.\u00a0D. Dissertation.  Thobekile\u00a0Patience Luthuli. 2007. Assessing politeness language and gender in hlonipha.Ph.\u00a0D. Dissertation."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Introduction: Politeness in Africa","volume":"11","author":"Makoni Sinfree","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sinfree Makoni . 2015 . Introduction: Politeness in Africa . Journal of Politeness Research 11 , 1 (2015), 1 \u2013 5 . Sinfree Makoni. 2015. Introduction: Politeness in Africa. Journal of Politeness Research 11, 1 (2015), 1\u20135.","journal-title":"Journal of Politeness Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891241617744858"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"John\u00a0W McArthur Krista Rasmussen and Gavin Yamey. 2018. How many lives are at stake? Assessing 2030 sustainable development goal trajectories for maternal and child health. Bmj 360(2018).  John\u00a0W McArthur Krista Rasmussen and Gavin Yamey. 2018. How many lives are at stake? Assessing 2030 sustainable development goal trajectories for maternal and child health. Bmj 360(2018).","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k373"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376294"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"IslamicHCI: Designing with and within Muslim Populations. In Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","author":"Mustafa Maryam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maryam Mustafa , Shaimaa Lazem , Ebtisam Alabdulqader , Kentaro Toyama , Sharifa Sultana , Samia Ibtasam , Richard Anderson , and Syed\u00a0Ishtiaque Ahmed . 2020 . IslamicHCI: Designing with and within Muslim Populations. In Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems ( Honolulu, HI, USA) (CHI EA \u201920). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3334480.3375151 Maryam Mustafa, Shaimaa Lazem, Ebtisam Alabdulqader, Kentaro Toyama, Sharifa Sultana, Samia Ibtasam, Richard Anderson, and Syed\u00a0Ishtiaque Ahmed. 2020. IslamicHCI: Designing with and within Muslim Populations. In Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Honolulu, HI, USA) (CHI EA \u201920). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3334480.3375151"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0001972021000279"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"Intercultural Misunderstanding in South Africa: An Analysis of Nonverbal Communication Behaviour in Context.Intercultural Communication Studies 21, 2","author":"Cynthia\u00a0Danisile NTULI.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cynthia\u00a0Danisile NTULI. 2012. Intercultural Misunderstanding in South Africa: An Analysis of Nonverbal Communication Behaviour in Context.Intercultural Communication Studies 21, 2 ( 2012 ). Cynthia\u00a0Danisile NTULI. 2012. Intercultural Misunderstanding in South Africa: An Analysis of Nonverbal Communication Behaviour in Context.Intercultural Communication Studies 21, 2 (2012)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"Purposeful Sampling for Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis in Mixed Method Implementation Research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research 42, 5 (Sept","author":"Palinkas A.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lawrence\u00a0 A. Palinkas , Sarah\u00a0 M. Horwitz , Carla\u00a0 A. Green , Jennifer\u00a0 P. Wisdom , Naihua Duan , and Kimberly Hoagwood . 2015. Purposeful Sampling for Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis in Mixed Method Implementation Research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research 42, 5 (Sept . 2015 ), 533\u2013544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10488-013-0528-y Company : Springer Distributor: Springer Institution : Springer Label: Springer Number : 5 Publisher : Springer US. Lawrence\u00a0A. Palinkas, Sarah\u00a0M. Horwitz, Carla\u00a0A. Green, Jennifer\u00a0P. Wisdom, Naihua Duan, and Kimberly Hoagwood. 2015. Purposeful Sampling for Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis in Mixed Method Implementation Research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research 42, 5 (Sept. 2015), 533\u2013544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10488-013-0528-y Company: Springer Distributor: Springer Institution: Springer Label: Springer Number: 5 Publisher: Springer US."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2662155.2662188"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1240624.1240790"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"Participatory Design: an introduction","author":"Robertson Toni","unstructured":"Toni Robertson and Jesper Simonsen . 2012. Participatory Design: an introduction . In Routledge international handbook of participatory design. Routledge , 1\u20139. Toni Robertson and Jesper Simonsen. 2012. Participatory Design: an introduction. In Routledge international handbook of participatory design. Routledge, 1\u20139."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.28945\/4321"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","volume-title":"Out of Place: Reflections on Design Workshops as a Research Method. In Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing","author":"Rosner K.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Daniela\u00a0 K. Rosner , Saba Kawas , Wenqi Li , Nicole Tilly , and Yi-Chen Sung . 2016 . Out of Time , Out of Place: Reflections on Design Workshops as a Research Method. In Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing ( San Francisco, California, USA) (CSCW \u201916). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1131\u20131141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/28 18048.2820021 Daniela\u00a0K. Rosner, Saba Kawas, Wenqi Li, Nicole Tilly, and Yi-Chen Sung. 2016. Out of Time, Out of Place: Reflections on Design Workshops as a Research Method. In Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing (San Francisco, California, USA) (CSCW \u201916). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1131\u20131141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2818048.2820021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","volume-title":"Sociolinguistic oppression or expression of \u2019Zuluness\u2019? \u2019IsiHlonipho","author":"Rudwick Stephanie","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stephanie Rudwick and Magcino Shange . 2009. Sociolinguistic oppression or expression of \u2019Zuluness\u2019? \u2019IsiHlonipho \u2019 among isiZulu-speaking females. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies (Nov . 2009 ). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2989\/16073610609486435 Publisher : Taylor & Francis Group . Stephanie Rudwick and Magcino Shange. 2009. Sociolinguistic oppression or expression of \u2019Zuluness\u2019? \u2019IsiHlonipho\u2019 among isiZulu-speaking females. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies (Nov. 2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2989\/16073610609486435 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Group."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","first-page":"152","article-title":"Shifting norms of linguistic and cultural respect: Hybrid sociolinguistic Zulu identities","volume":"17","author":"Rudwick Stephanie\u00a0Inge","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stephanie\u00a0Inge Rudwick . 2008 . Shifting norms of linguistic and cultural respect: Hybrid sociolinguistic Zulu identities . Nordic Journal of African Studies 17 , 2 (2008), 152 \u2013 174 . Stephanie\u00a0Inge Rudwick. 2008. Shifting norms of linguistic and cultural respect: Hybrid sociolinguistic Zulu identities. Nordic Journal of African Studies 17, 2 (2008), 152\u2013174.","journal-title":"Nordic Journal of African Studies"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Co-creation and the new landscapes of design","volume":"4","author":"Sanders Elizabeth B-N","year":"2008","unstructured":"Elizabeth B-N Sanders and Pieter\u00a0Jan Stappers . 2008 . Co-creation and the new landscapes of design . Co-design 4 , 1 (2008), 5 \u2013 18 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15710880701875068 Elizabeth B-N Sanders and Pieter\u00a0Jan Stappers. 2008. Co-creation and the new landscapes of design. Co-design 4, 1 (2008), 5\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15710880701875068","journal-title":"Co-design"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15710882.2014.888183"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elizabeth B-N Sanders and Bo Westerlund. 2011. Experiencing exploring and experimenting in and with co-design spaces. Nordes4(2011).  Elizabeth B-N Sanders and Bo Westerlund. 2011. Experiencing exploring and experimenting in and with co-design spaces. Nordes4(2011).","DOI":"10.21606\/nordes.2011.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","volume-title":"Equitable Research Partnerships","author":"Schroeder Doris","unstructured":"Doris Schroeder , Kate Chatfield , Michelle Singh , Roger Chennells , and Peter Herissone-Kelly . 2019. The San Code of research ethics . In Equitable Research Partnerships . Springer , 73\u201387. Doris Schroeder, Kate Chatfield, Michelle Singh, Roger Chennells, and Peter Herissone-Kelly. 2019. The San Code of research ethics. In Equitable Research Partnerships. Springer, 73\u201387."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","unstructured":"P Schumacher. 2009. Pictorial communication in developing countries: a literature review.  P Schumacher. 2009. Pictorial communication in developing countries: a literature review."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","article-title":"Benefits of co-design in service design projects","volume":"5","author":"Steen Marc","year":"2011","unstructured":"Marc Steen , Menno Manschot , and Nicole De\u00a0Koning . 2011 . Benefits of co-design in service design projects . International Journal of Design 5 , 2 (2011). Marc Steen, Menno Manschot, and Nicole De\u00a0Koning. 2011. Benefits of co-design in service design projects. International Journal of Design 5, 2 (2011).","journal-title":"International Journal of Design"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858331"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","volume-title":"The design tensions framework. Human\u2013Computer Interaction 22, 4","author":"Tatar Deborah","year":"2007","unstructured":"Deborah Tatar . 2007. The design tensions framework. Human\u2013Computer Interaction 22, 4 ( 2007 ), 413\u2013451. Deborah Tatar. 2007. The design tensions framework. Human\u2013Computer Interaction 22, 4 (2007), 413\u2013451."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1","volume-title":"Design as Scholarship","author":"Teeters Leah","unstructured":"Leah Teeters , A\u00a0Susan Jurow , and Molly Shea . 2016. The challenge and promise of community co-design . In Design as Scholarship . Routledge , 41\u201354. Leah Teeters, A\u00a0Susan Jurow, and Molly Shea. 2016. The challenge and promise of community co-design. In Design as Scholarship. Routledge, 41\u201354."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_60_1","volume-title":"\u00a0De Lange","author":"van Heerden H.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Johan\u00a0 H. van Heerden and Rudi W . \u00a0De Lange . 1998 . The for mative research process in developing and designing tuberculosis prevention and treatment display cards aimed at a community with a low level of literacy. Johan\u00a0H. van Heerden and Rudi W.\u00a0De Lange. 1998. The formative research process in developing and designing tuberculosis prevention and treatment display cards aimed at a community with a low level of literacy."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3174056"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2013.765763"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_63_1","unstructured":"Heike Winschiers-Theophilus Naska Winschiers-Goagoses Kasper Rodil Edwin Blake Tariq Zaman Gereon\u00a0Koch Kapuire and Richard Kamukuenjandje. 2013. Moving away from Erindi-roukambe: Transferability of a rural community-based co-design. (2013).  Heike Winschiers-Theophilus Naska Winschiers-Goagoses Kasper Rodil Edwin Blake Tariq Zaman Gereon\u00a0Koch Kapuire and Richard Kamukuenjandje. 2013. Moving away from Erindi-roukambe: Transferability of a rural community-based co-design. (2013)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-40483-2_34"}],"event":{"name":"PDC 2022: Participatory Design Conference 2022","location":"Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom","acronym":"PDC 2022"},"container-title":["Participatory Design Conference 2022: Volume 1"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3536169.3537786","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T19:30:54Z","timestamp":1750188654000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3536169.3537786"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3536169.3537786","10.1145\/3536169"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3536169.3537786","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]]}}}