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Sen. Netw."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Differing from tremendous existing works that mainly focus on optimizing backscatter communication, Radio-to-Bus (R2B) communication utilizes backscatter to offload processors from IoT devices to the gateway, achieving processor-free devices of significantly reduced power and hardware cost. However, R2B communication is not suitable for large-scale backscatter networks, since R2B cannot support parallel and long-range communication between the gateway and hundreds of R2B devices. In this article, we present Chipnet, a network that supports hundreds of long-range and concurrent connections between the gateway and multiple processor-free devices. The high-level design of Chipnet includes a parallel frequency-division uplink mechanism that can work on processor-free devices and a processor-free MAC layer protocol that supports gateway to broadcast downlink data and individually manage each processor-free device. This design addresses practical issues facing the processor-free device architecture, such as synchronizing hundreds of processor-free devices, assigning unique channel frequencies to every device, and realizing power-efficient processor-free signal conversion. The results demonstrate that a Chipnet network can achieve a task throughput of 2,400 tasks\/s with a latency of 72.23 ms. Compared with the R2B network, Chipnet achieves 3\u00d7\u20135\u00d7 improvements in network coverage range and two orders of magnitude improvement in both network throughput and network latency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3544492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T10:05:51Z","timestamp":1656065151000},"page":"1-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Chipnet: Enabling Large-scale Backscatter Network with Processor-free Devices"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4043-122X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yihang","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4830-1860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4361-012X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7845-7674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4054-6513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Songfan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8857-0144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8118-2912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qianhe","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4181-2932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiandong","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6280-2154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haili","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3387514.3405866"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3241539.3241569"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2785956.2787490"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3387514.3405861"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","unstructured":"Microsemi Corporation. 2016. 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