{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T03:42:58Z","timestamp":1752550978592,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) Accelerated Research in Quantum Computing (ARQC) and Quantum Computing Application Teams","award":["ERKJ347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERKJ347"]}]},{"name":"DOE Office of Science User Facility","award":["DE-AC05-00OR22725"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-AC05-00OR22725"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016818","name":"UT-Battelle, LLC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DE-AC05-00OR22725"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-AC05-00OR22725"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"U.S. Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Transactions on Quantum Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Python is a popular programming language known for its flexibility, usability, readability, and focus on developer productivity. The quantum software community has adopted Python on a number of large-scale efforts due to these characteristics, as well as the remote nature of near-term quantum processors. The use of Python has enabled quick prototyping for quantum code that directly benefits pertinent research and development efforts in quantum scientific computing. However, this rapid prototyping ability comes at the cost of future performant integration for tightly coupled CPU-QPU architectures with fast-feedback. Here, we present a language extension to Python that enables heterogeneous quantum-classical computing via a robust C++ infrastructure for quantum just-in-time (QJIT) compilation. Our work builds off the QCOR C++ language extension and compiler infrastructure to enable a single-source, quantum hardware-agnostic approach to quantum-classical computing that retains the performance required for tightly coupled CPU-QPU compute models. We detail this Python extension, its programming model and underlying software architecture, and provide a robust set of examples to demonstrate the utility of our approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3544496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T11:31:16Z","timestamp":1655379076000},"page":"1-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Extending Python for Quantum-classical Computing via Quantum Just-in-time Compilation"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5319-1213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thien","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0745-3294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander J.","family":"McCaskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory Quantum Computing Institut. 2022. 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McClure David McKay Srujan Meesala Antonio Mezzacapo Nikolaj Moll Diego Moreda Rodr\u00edguez Giacomo Nannicini Paul Nation Pauline Ollitrault Lee James O\u2019Riordan Hanhee Paik Jes\u00fas P\u00e9rez Anna Phan Marco Pistoia Viktor Prutyanov Max Reuter Julia Rice Abd\u00f3n Rodr\u00edguez Davila Raymond Harry Putra Rudy Mingi Ryu Ninad Sathaye Chris Schnabel Eddie Schoute Kanav Setia Yunong Shi Adenilton Silva Yukio Siraichi Seyon Sivarajah John A. Smolin Mathias Soeken Hitomi Takahashi Ivano Tavernelli Charles Taylor Pete Taylour Kenso Trabing Matthew Treinish Wes Turner Desiree Vogt-Lee Christophe Vuillot Jonathan A. Wildstrom Jessica Wilson Erick Winston Christopher Wood Stephen Wood Stefan W\u00f6rner Ismail Yunus Akhalwaya and Christa Zoufal. 2019. Qiskit: An Open-source Framework for Quantum Computing. 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OpenQASM 3: A broader and deeper quantum assembly language. arXiv preprint arXiv:2104.14722 (2021).","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2104.14722"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"801","article-title":"MLPACK: A scalable C++ machine learning library","volume":"14","author":"Curtin Ryan R.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ryan R. Curtin, James R. Cline, Neil P. Slagle, William B. March, Parikshit Ram, Nishant A. Mehta, and Alexander G. Gray. 2013. MLPACK: A scalable C++ machine learning library. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 14, Mar. (2013), 801\u2013805.","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2005.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/QCE49297.2020.00036"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cirq Developers. 2021. Cirq. 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