{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T17:34:47Z","timestamp":1777570487157,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"ANR MoStyle","award":["ANR-20-CE33-0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-20-CE33-0002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article proposes a method for computing the visible occluding contours of subdivision surfaces. The article first introduces new theory for contour visibility of smooth surfaces. Necessary and sufficient conditions are introduced for when a sampled occluding contour is valid, that is, when it may be assigned consistent visibility. Previous methods do not guarantee these conditions, which helps explain why smooth contour visibility has been such a challenging problem in the past. The article then proposes an algorithm that, given a subdivision surface, finds sampled contours satisfying these conditions, and then generates a new triangle mesh matching the given occluding contours. The contours of the output triangle mesh may then be rendered with standard non-photorealistic rendering algorithms, using the mesh for visibility computation. The method can be applied to any triangle mesh, by treating it as the base mesh of a subdivision surface.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3544778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T09:21:04Z","timestamp":1655803264000},"page":"1-16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["ConTesse: Accurate Occluding Contours for Subdivision Surfaces"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3613-1662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenxi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia, Main Mall, Vancouver, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2846-1955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"B\u00e9nard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, INRIA, LaBRI, UMR 5800, Talence, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9667-0292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron","family":"Hertzmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adobe Research, Townsend St, San Francisco"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1257-5584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shayan","family":"Hoshyari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adobe, Ottawa, Ontario"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1145\/800196.806007","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1967 22nd National Conference.","author":"Appel Arthur","year":"1967","unstructured":"Arthur Appel. 1967. The notion of quantitative invisibility and the machine rendering of solids. In Proceedings of the 1967 22nd National Conference.ACM, 387\u2013393. DOI:10.1145\/800196.806007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/0600000075"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2558307"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01553881"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2009.102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1360612.1360687"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","first-page":"1199","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 19th Eurographics Conference on Rendering.","author":"Eisemann Elmar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Elmar Eisemann, Holger Winnem\u00f6ller, John C. Hart, and David Salesin. 2008. Stylized vector art from 3D models with region support. In Proceedings of the 19th Eurographics Conference on Rendering.Eurographics Association, 1199\u20131207. DOI:10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2008.01258.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1145\/97879.97890","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques.","author":"Elber Gershon","year":"1990","unstructured":"Gershon Elber and Elaine Cohen. 1990. Hidden curve removal for free form surfaces. In Proceedings of the 17th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques.ACM, 95\u2013104. DOI:10.1145\/97879.97890"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","first-page":"160","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 20th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms.","author":"Eppstein David","year":"2009","unstructured":"David Eppstein and Elena Mumford. 2009. Self-overlapping curves revisited. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms.SIAM, 160\u2013169."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1731047.1731056"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566589"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","first-page":"517","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques.","author":"Hertzmann Aaron","year":"2000","unstructured":"Aaron Hertzmann and Denis Zorin. 2000. Illustrating smooth surfaces. In Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques.517\u2013526. DOI:10.1145\/344779.345074"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1145\/1179352.1141928","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers.","author":"Karpenko Olga A.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Olga A. Karpenko and John F. Hughes. 2006. SmoothSketch: 3D free-form shapes from complex sketches. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers.Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, 589\u2013598. DOI:10.1145\/1179352.1141928"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1145\/2024676.2024683","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH\/Eurographics Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering.","author":"Karsch Kevin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kevin Karsch and John C. Hart. 2011. Snaxels on a plane. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH\/Eurographics Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering.ACM, 35\u201342. DOI:10.1145\/2024676.2024683"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1080\/2151237X.2007.10129243","article-title":"Exact evaluation of catmull-clark subdivision surfaces near B-Spline boundaries","volume":"12","author":"Lacewell Dylan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dylan Lacewell and Brent Burley. 2007. Exact evaluation of catmull-clark subdivision surfaces near B-Spline boundaries. Journal of Graphics Tools 12, 3 (2007), 7\u201315.","journal-title":"Journal of Graphics Tools"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3197517.3201327"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","first-page":"415","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques.","author":"Markosian Lee","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lee Markosian, Michael A. Kowalski, Daniel Goldstein, Samuel J. Trychin, John F. Hughes, and Lubomir D. Bourdev. 1997. Real-time nonphotorealistic rendering. In Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques.415\u2013420. DOI:10.1145\/258734.258894"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1145\/340916.340920","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Non-photorealistic Animation and Rendering.","author":"Northrup J. D.","year":"2000","unstructured":"J. D. Northrup and Lee Markosian. 2000. Artistic silhouettes: A hybrid approach. In Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Non-photorealistic Animation and Rendering.ACM, 31\u201337. DOI:10.1145\/340916.340920"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","volume-title":"Machine Perception of Three-dimensional Solids","author":"Roberts Lawrence","year":"1963","unstructured":"Lawrence Roberts. 1963. Machine Perception of Three-dimensional Solids. Ph. D. Dissertation. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Electrical Engineering."},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12181","article-title":"Consistent volumetric discretizations inside self-intersecting surfaces","volume":"32","author":"Sacht Leonardo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Leonardo Sacht, Alec Jacobson, Daniele Panozzo, Christian Sch\u00fcller, and Olga Sorkine-Hornung. 2013. Consistent volumetric discretizations inside self-intersecting surfaces. Computer Graphics Forum 32, 5 (2013), 147\u2013156.","journal-title":"Computer Graphics Forum"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1145\/97879.97901","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques.","author":"Saito Takafumi","year":"1990","unstructured":"Takafumi Saito and Tokiichiro Takahashi. 1990. Comprehensible rendering of 3-D shapes. In Proceedings of the 17th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques.ACM, 197\u2013206. DOI:10.1145\/97879.97901"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-7721(92)90019-O"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2601097.2601227"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/321328.321330"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","first-page":"91","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques.","author":"Winkenbach Georges","year":"1994","unstructured":"Georges Winkenbach and David H. Salesin. 1994. Computer-generated pen-and-ink illustration. In Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques.ACM, 91\u2013100. DOI:10.1145\/192161.192184"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1145\/237170.237287","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques.","author":"Winkenbach Georges","year":"1996","unstructured":"Georges Winkenbach and David H. Salesin. 1996. Rendering parametric surfaces in pen and ink. In Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques.ACM, 469\u2013476. DOI:10.1145\/237170.237287"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3544778","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3544778","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T16:46:24Z","timestamp":1750178784000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3544778"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3544778"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3544778","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-0301","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-11-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}