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Sen. Netw."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article presents the design and implementation of PCube, a phase-based parallel packet decoder for concurrent transmissions of LoRa nodes. The key enabling technology behind PCube is a novel air-channel phase measurement technique that is able to extract phase differences of air-channels between LoRa nodes and multiple antennas of a gateway. PCube leverages the reception diversities of multiple receiving antennas of a gateway and scales the concurrent transmissions of a large number of LoRa nodes, even exceeding the number of receiving antennas at a gateway. As a phase-based parallel decoder, PCube provides a new dimension to resolve collisions and supports more concurrent transmissions by complementing time and frequency-based parallel decoders. PCube is implemented and evaluated with synchronized software defined radios and off-the-shelf LoRa nodes in both indoors and outdoors. Results demonstrate that PCube can substantially outperform state-of-the-art works in terms of aggregated throughput by 4.9\u00d7 and the number of concurrent nodes by up to 5\u00d7. More importantly, PCube scales well with the number of receiving antennas of a gateway, which is promising to break the barrier of concurrent transmissions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3545571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T10:20:24Z","timestamp":1656584424000},"page":"1-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["PCube: Scaling LoRa Concurrent Transmissions with Reception Diversities"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9820-8480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianjin","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0220-1274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ningning","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3096-687X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanqing","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1350-6639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3386901.3388915"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.2974464"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2988287.2989163"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3356250.3360031"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3302506.3310396"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPSN.2018.00013"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_1","unstructured":"Dragino. 2021. 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